The balance between anabolism and catabolism is disrupted with aging, with the rate of anabolism being faster than that of catabolism. Therefore, mTOR, whose major function is to enhance anabolism and inhibit catabolism, has become a potential target...
The rapid evolution of anti-cancer therapy (including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy) in recent years has led to a more favorable efficacy and safety profile for a growing cancer population, and the improvement of overall survival...
Despite the development of a wide plethora of different anticancer agents, most of them are not used for patient treatment due to adverse effects caused by untargeted cytotoxicity. To prevent this unwanted toxicity, it is necessary to develop therapi...
As a ubiquitous human pathogen, the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) has established lifelong persistent infection in about 95% of the adult population. The EBV infection is associated with approximately 200,000 human cancer cases and 140,000 deaths pe...
Nucleic acid therapeutics are promising alternatives to conventional anti-cancer therapy, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy. While conventional therapies have limitations, such as high side effects, low specificity, and drug resistance, nucl...
Cancer has become a major global health threat due to its high incidence and mortality. However, the development of anti-cancer drugs is limited by high costs, long cycles, and low success rates, slowing the progress of new treatments. As a method th...
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are one of the most widely used cell types in advanced therapies due to their therapeutic potential in the regulation of tissue repair and homeostasis, and immune modulation. However, their use in cancer therapy...
The establishment and utilization of preclinical animal models constitute a pivotal aspect across all facets of cancer research, indispensably contributing to the comprehension of disease initiation and progression mechanisms, as well as facilitating...
Synovial sarcoma (SS) is an aggressive malignancy which accounts for approximately 5–10% of all soft-tissue sarcomas. SS has pathologic and genomic characteristics that define it as a distinct subtype of soft tissue sarcoma (STS). STS subtypes contin...
Recently, nanomedicines have gained a great deal of attention in diverse biomedical applications, including anti-cancer therapy. Being different from normal tissue, the biophysical microenvironment of tumor cells and cancer cell mechanics should be c...
As part of routine cancer care, patients may undergo elective surgery with the aim of long-term cure. Some of these patients will receive systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings. The majority of patients, usually...
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells, play a dual role in cancer progression. While they can promote tumor growth, metastasis, and immune suppression, they also exhibit anti-tumorigenic properties by attacking cancer cells and enhancing i...
Skin cancers involve a significant concern in cancer therapy due to their association with various treatment modalities. This comprehensive review explores the increased risk of skin cancers linked to different anti-cancer treatments, including class...
Natural Killer (NK) cells are innate immune cells with the unique ability to recognize and kill virus-infected and cancer cells without prior immune sensitization. Due to their expression of the Fc receptor CD16, effector NK cells can kill tumor cell...
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Since its discovery in 1979, p53 has become the focus of intensive cancer-based research in laboratories around the world. The p53 protein mediates critical cellular functions including the response to genotoxic stress, differentiation, senescence, a...
Thyroid cancer prevalence has increased in the last few decades. Whereas the majority of well-differentiated histotypes have effective therapeutic options, the most advanced cases lacked successful treatment until recent years. Genomic alterations ha...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) express anti-tumoral activity mainly by blocking cyclooxygenase-2 involved in the synthesis of prostaglandins. Therefore, in the last few decades, many have attempted to explore the possibilities of appl...
Neo-angiogenesis is a critical process for tumor growth and invasion and has become a promising target in cancer therapy. This manuscript reviews three currently relevant anti-angiogenic agents targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor system:...
Angiogenesis, the development of new vessels from existing vasculature, plays a central role in tumor growth, survival, and progression. On the molecular level it is controlled by a number of pro- and anti-angiogenic cytokines, among which the vascul...
Nowadays, due to improvements in living standards, more attention is reserved to all-around disease prevention and health care. In particular, research efforts have been made for developing novel methods and treatments for anti-cancer therapy. Self-p...
Background: Anti-programmed death 1 receptor (PD-1) therapy is a promising treatment strategy for patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric/gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. However, its response rate and survival benefits are...
Tumors are currently more and more common all over the world; hence, attempts are being made to explain the biochemical processes underlying their development. The search for new therapeutic pathways, with particular emphasis on enzymatic activity an...
The molecular receptor status of breast cancer has implications for prognosis and long-term metastasis. Although metastatic luminal B-like, hormone-receptor-positive, HER2−negative, breast cancer causes brain metastases less frequently than oth...
The upgraded knowledge of tumor biology and microenviroment provides information on differences in neoplastic and normal cells. Thus, the need to target these differences led to the development of novel molecules (targeted therapy) active against the...
Surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) documented a simple but efficient technique to grow a dense polymer layer on any surface. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) give a broad surface to immobilize sulfhyryl group-containing initia...
An adequate blood supply is essential for cancer cells to survive and grow; thus, the concept of inhibiting tumor angiogenesis has been applied to cancer therapy, and several drugs are already in clinical use. It has been shown that treatment with th...
In recent years, physical anti-cancer strategies using radiation, light, sound, electricity, and magnetism have shown great potential in cancer treatment. Photodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, photothermal therapy, and other treatments have differ...
The susceptibility of cancer cells to different types of treatments can be restricted by intrinsic and acquired therapeutic resistance, leading to the failure of cancer regression and remission. To overcome this problem, a combination therapy has bee...
Despite multitudes of reports on cancer remedies available, we are far from being able to declare that we have arrived at that defining anti-cancer therapy. In recent decades, researchers have been looking into the possibility of enhancing cell death...
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of molecular chaperones classified by their molecular weights, and they include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. HSPs function in diverse physiological and protective processes to assist in m...
Purpurin-18 (P18) is one of the essential photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), but its hydrophobicity causes easy coalescence and poor bioavailability. This study aimed to synthesize P18 and design P18-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles...
Immunotherapy has made recent improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) and/or overall survival (OS) in all stages of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we review the tumor microenvironment and its immunosuppressive effects and discuss how a...
An increased mortality risk was observed in patients with cancer during the first wave of COVID-19. Here, we describe determinants of mortality in patients with solid cancer comparing the first and second waves of COVID-19. A retrospective analysis e...
Cancer constitutes a significant global health challenge, ranking among the leading contributors to worldwide mortality. The inherent limitations of conventional oncologic interventions, particularly their frequent inability to induce durable remissi...
Cancer continues to be a primary cause of death globally, necessitating the constant development of effective and less toxic therapeutics. Cucurbitacins belong to the tetracyclic triterpenoids found mainly in the Cucurbitaceae family. Cucurbitaceae p...
Epigenetic dysregulation, particularly alterations in DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, plays a pivotal role in cancer initiation and progression. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins catalyze the successive oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5m...
Royal jelly (RJ) is a glandular secretion produced by worker honeybees and is a special food for the queen honeybee. It results in a significant prolongation of the lifespan of the queen honeybee compared with the worker honeybees through anti-inflam...
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer affecting men worldwide. PCa shows a broad-spectrum heterogeneity in its biological and clinical behavior. Although androgen targeted therapy (ATT) has been the mainstay therapy for advanced PCa,...
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent malignancy in men worldwide. Unfortunately, current therapies often lead to the onset of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), causing significant mortality. Therefore, there is an urgent...
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. When diagnosed at an early stage, appropriate and timely treatment results in a high cure rate and better quality of life. Del...
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified and characterized in both hematopoietic and solid tumors. Their existence was first predicted by Virchow and Cohnheim in the 1870s. Later, many studies showed that CSCs can be identified and isolated by t...
Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a significant contributor to gynecological cancer-related mortality, necessitating innovative treatment strategies. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of combining PARP inh...
Interest has grown in studying the possible use of well-known anti-diabetic drugs as anti-cancer agents individually or in combination with, frequently used, chemotherapeutic agents and/or radiation, owing to the fact that diabetes heightens the risk...
Overexpression and secretion of the enzymes cathepsin D (CathD) and cathepsin L (CathL) is associated with metastasis in several human cancers. As a superfamily, extracellularly, these proteins may act within the tumor microenvironment to drive cance...
Rose Bengal (RB) is a photosensitizer (PS) used in anti-cancer and anti-bacterial photodynamic therapy (PDT). The specific excitation of this PS allows the production of singlet oxygen and oxygen reactive species that kill bacteria and tumor cells. I...
Although cancer therapy has significantly advanced in recent decades, patients and healthcare professionals are still quite concerned about adverse effects due to the non-targeted nature of currently used chemotherapeutics. Results obtained in a larg...
Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally. Although, there are many different approaches to cancer treatment, they are often painful due to adverse side effects and are sometimes ineffective due to increasing resistance to classical anti-c...
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) regulate gene expression through the epigenetic modification of chromatin structure. HDAC6, unlike many other HDACs, is present in the cytoplasm. Its deacetylates non-histone proteins and plays diverse roles in cancer cel...
Cancer is a multifactorial pathology and it represents the second leading cause of death worldwide. In the recent years, numerous studies highlighted the dual role of the gut microbiota in preserving host’s health. Gut resident bacteria are abl...
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the colorectal cancer (CRC) microenvironment promote tumor progression but can be reprogrammed into a pro-inflammatory state with anti-cancer properties. Activation of the G protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84) i...
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