Nanoenergy Advances

This review examines modern approaches to layer formation in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), focusing on traditional, thin-film, and additive manufacturing methods. A systematic comparison of technologies, including slip casting, screen printing, CVD, PLD, ALD, HiPIMS, inkjet, aerosol, and microextrusion printing, is provided. It is shown that traditional methods remain technologically robust but are limited in their capabilities for miniaturization and interfacial architecture design. Modern thin-film and additive approaches provide high spatial accuracy, improved ion-electron characteristics, and flexibility in the design of multilayer structures; however, they require addressing issues related to scalability, ink stability, interfacial compatibility, and reproducibility. Particular attention is paid to interfacial engineering methods, such as functionally graded layers, nanostructured infiltration, and temperature-controlled 3D printing. Key challenges are discussed, including thermal instability of materials, the limited gas impermeability of ultra-thin electrolytes, and degradation during long-term operation. Development prospects lie in the integration of hybrid methods, the digitalization of deposition processes, and the implementation of intelligent control of printing parameters. The presented analysis forms the basis for further research into the scalable and highly efficient production of next-generation SOFCs designed for low-temperature operation and long-term operation in future energy systems.

With the advancement of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, flexible sensors with dual optoelectronic sensing modes have emerged as a research hotspot for next-generation smart devices, further driving the urgent demand for environmentally friendly functional materials. Here, we innovatively integrated wastepaper recycling technology with a polyethyleneimine (PEI)-assisted pulping strategy to develop a novel cellulose-based sustainable photo-triboelectric hybrid nanogenerator (PT-HNG). Based on the working mechanism of a freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), the PT-HNG can directly convert pressure stimuli into electrical energy and triboelectrification-induced electroluminescence (TIEL) signals. It achieves luminescence brightness of 0.06 mW cm⁻² (3.84 cd m⁻²) and simultaneously delivers excellent electrical output performance (172.4 V, 6.36 μA, 43.7 nC) under sliding motion. More importantly, compatible with existing industrial papermaking processes, the PT-HNG is scalable for large-scale production. By combining PT-HNG with deep learning algorithms, a handwritten e-book system based on trajectory recognition was constructed, with a recognition accuracy of up to 95.5%. In addition, real-time intelligent control of PowerPoint presentations via PT-HNG was demonstrated. This study provides a new pathway for converting wastepaper into intelligent products and presents a novel idea for the interdisciplinary integration of the circular economy and advanced electronic technology.

This work deals with the comparative analysis of fluoride coatings, i.e., 5 wt.% AlF₃ and LiF, applied as surface layer of Li-rich Li_1.2Ni_0.13Co_0.13Mn_0.54O₂ (LNCM) layered oxides synthesized via facile and cost-effective sol–gel route. The detailed structural and morphological characterizations demonstrate that AlF₃ and LiF deposits have a pivotal role in enhancing the electrochemical properties of LNCM. These electrochemical properties include galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD), differential capacity (dQ/dV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and area-specific impedance (ASI). A much lower decay of the discharge capacity of 0.22 and 0.25 mAh g⁻¹ per cycle was obtained for AlF₃- and LiF-coated LMNC, respectively, after 100 charge/discharge cycles at 0.1 C compared with 0.42 mAh g⁻¹ per cycle for pristine LNCM. Results evidence the non-evolution of the charge transfer resistance, enhanced lithium-ion kinetics and stabilization of electrode/electrolyte interface during cycling.