Air puff systems are at once trivially straightforward and dauntingly complex. On the one hand, they are little but a pressure source, valve, and tube connected together. On the other, the air passing through them is a compressible medium, expanding...
Increased stiffness of tissues has been recognised as a diagnostic feature of pathologies. Tissue stiffness characterisation usually involves the detection of tissue response from mechanical stimulation. Air-puff optical coherence elastography (OCE)...
This study demonstrates the use of a dual-sample arm swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) instrument coupled with air-puff stimulation to assess corneal displacement in an ex vivo porcine eye model. The air-puff SS-OCT system enables co...
This study aimed to investigate the effects of intranasal air-puffing on cognitive impairments and brain cortical activity following one night of partial sleep deprivation (PSD) in adults. A total of 26 healthy adults underwent the numerical Stroop t...
19 December 2019
Purpose: To improve numerical simulation of the non-contact tonometry test by using arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian deforming mesh in the coupling between computational fluid dynamics model of an air jet and finite element model of the human eye. Metho...
(1) The aim of the study was to investigate the spatial and temporal characteristics of the airflow created by two commercially available non-contact tonometers: the CorvisST and the Ocular Response Analyser (ORA). (2) The airflow pressure was measur...
Ship exhaust gas has become an essential source of air pollution in recent years. To assess the impact of ship exhaust gas on the atmospheric environment and human health, this paper studies the problem of ship exhaust gas diffusion in the port area....
Wildfires have the potential to cause severe damage to vegetation, property and most importantly, human life. In order to minimize these negative impacts, it is crucial that wildfires are detected at the earliest possible stages. A potential solution...
A comparison between a puff atmospheric dispersion model (hereafter: PuM) and a Lagrangian particle model (hereafter: LPM) was conducted for a real case of emissions from an industrial plant, in the context of a complex and coastal site. The PuM&rsqu...
Information about the potential oral health effects of vaping from electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) is still sparse and inconsistent. The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and cytotoxicity of e-cig liquid aerosols versus traditional cigar...
The dynamic and thermodynamic evolution of droplets, in a size range characterizing a cough, has been analysed using basic equations of motion and coupled to the evolution of a spherical cloud puff in which they are supposed to be expired. It has bee...
Reliable source term prediction for hazardous pollutant puffs in urban microenvironments is challenging, especially for risk management under strict time constraints. Puff movement is highly stochastic due to atmospheric turbulence, intensified by co...
An in-situ combustion method is an effective method to enhance oil recovery with high economic recovery rate, low risk, fast promotion and application speed. Currently, in-situ combustion technique is regarded as the last feasible thermal recovery te...
14 December 2022
Propylene glycol (PG) and glycerin (G) are the most widely used humectants in electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) devices. Carbonyls are present in aerosols produced when ENDS devices heat PG and G. Whether aerosolized PG and G are innocuous t...
Using the personal ventilation systems may improve the thermal comfort sensation. At the University of Debrecen, a personal ventilation system was developed named ALTAIR. This paper presents the results of mean air velocity, turbulence grade, and dra...
This work aims to investigate bronchodilator delivery with the use of different vaping drug delivery systems (VDDS) by determining the dose equivalence delivered in relation to different references: a clinical jet nebulizer, a pMDI (pressurized meter...
This study evaluated the effects of conventional cigarette smoke compared to aerosol from a heat-non-burn tobacco product on the color stability of two UDMA-based dental composite resins, namely a monochromatic (Omnichroma) and a polychromatic (Vittr...
The jorō spider (Trichonephila clavata, originally from east Asia) has been introduced in the southeastern United States, and is rapidly expanding this range, leading to questions about what facilitates this spread. Meanwhile, its cousin, the go...
In the present study, the authors assessed the odour quality of the air in the vicinity of a landfill site using a case study of a waste management plant that processes non-hazardous and inert waste as an example. An analysis of the impact of the fac...
Biomechanics of the cornea have significant influences on the non-contact measurement of the intraocular pressure. The corneal behaviour during tonometry is a fundamental factor in estimating its value. The aim of the study was to analyse the behavio...
Gaseous and particulate emissions from oceangoing ships have a significant effect on the quality of air in cities. This study estimates mainly the influence of NOx, SOx, and particulate matter (PM2.5) on air quality in the Strait of Gibraltar (Spain)...
9 January 2015
Background: Existing evidence has shown that most smoking uptake and escalation occurs while smokers are teenagers or young adults. Effective policies that reduce smoking uptake and escalation will play an important role in curbing cigarette smoking....
An experimental study of spatially localized very large-scale motion superstructures, propagating in a jet of carbon dioxide at low Reynolds numbers, was carried out. A hot-wire anemometer and a high-speed 2D PIV with a frequency of 7 kHz were used a...
In the present work, a online data assimilation approach, based on the Kalman filter algorithm, is proposed for the source term reconstruction in accidental events with dispersion of radioactive agents in air. For this purpose a Gaussian plume model...
Corneal biomechanics is a hot topic in ophthalmology. The biomechanical properties (BMPs) of the cornea have important implications in the management and diagnosis of corneal diseases such as ectasia and keratoconus. In addition, the characterization...
Conventional environmental-economic power dispatch methods constrain the total amount of emissions of power plants, and they succeed in reducing emissions from the power sector. However, they fail to address the mismatch between emission reductions a...
31 July 2019
The paper presents, for the first time, corneal buckling, during the air puff applanation, recorded with use of Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA), when the cornea is deeper deformed after its applanation. Precise numerical analysis of the air pressure c...
This study examines environmental impact assessment considering filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM) to improve the accuracy of the air quality model. Air pollutants and meteorological data were acquired from K...
This article describes the development and demonstration of a non-intrusive method for the quantitative determination of speed of air movement along the ground and inside an isolated subsurface structure, a type of confined space. Natural ventilation...
Smoking is an established risk factor for various pathologies including lung cancer. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) have appeared on the market in recent years, but their safety or, conversely, their toxicity has no...
(1) Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the changes in Reichert Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA) parameters, corneal endothelium parameters, central corneal thickness (CCT), and intraocular pressure (IOP) before and after the transsphenoidal resec...
Background: The process of rapid propagation of the corneal deformation in air puff tonometer depends not only on intraocular pressure, but also on the biomechanical properties of the cornea and anterior eye. One of the biomechanical properties of th...
17 March 2022
Background: Exposure to air pollution is associated with acute pediatric asthma exacerbations, including reduced lung function, rescue medication usage, and increased symptoms; however, most studies are limited in investigating longitudinal changes i...
24 December 2014
There has been rapid growth in the use of electronic cigarettes (“vaping”) in Europe, North America and elsewhere. With such increased prevalence, there is currently a debate on whether the aerosol exhaled following the use of e-cigarettes has impli...
A challenge in the development of dry powder formulations for inhalation is the poor reproducibility of their administration to small laboratory animals. The currently used devices for the pulmonary administration of dry powder formulations to small...
With the rapid increase of the vehicle population in the Guanzhong Plain (GZP), the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emitted by vehicles has an impact on regional air quality and public health. The spatial distribution of primary and secondary PM2.5 c...
In recent years, as an important part of unconventional resources, the effective development of shale oil has been a key area of research in petroleum engineering. Given the widespread availability and low cost of air, the evaluation of air injection...
18 November 2020
It is too early to provide a clear answer on the impact of exposure to the second-hand aerosol of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in the planning of policy for smoke-free indoors legislation. Here, we conducted a preliminary study to evaluate indoor a...
CAMx-LPiG (Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions—Linear Plume in Grid) is an online hybrid model based on the Chemistry and Transport Model (CTM) CAMx, which includes a sub-grid scale module to simulate the dispersion of linear road t...
19 October 2022
In recent years, the problem of atmospheric pollution has been concerning in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, due to the frequent haze. It has become a significant issue to improve regional air quality through appropriate emission reduct...
Dense air quality monitoring network (AQMN) is one of main ways to surveil industrial air pollution. This paper is concerned with the design of a dense AQMN for H2S for a chemical industrial park in Shanghai, China. An indicator (Surveillance Efficie...
The cornea is the optical window to the brain. Its optical and structural properties are responsible for optical transparency and vision. The shape, elasticity, rigidity, or stiffness are due to its biomechanical properties, whose stability results i...
Optical properties of the cornea are responsible for correct vision; the ultrastructure allows optical transparency, and the biomechanical properties govern the shape, elasticity, or stiffness of the cornea, affecting ocular integrity and intraocular...
A numerical simulation system is developed to predict the dispersion of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) over a populated city due to accidental release. Ulsan, as one of the megacities in Korea, is chosen as an ideal testbed for the simulation, as it...
Asphalt concrete (ascon) manufacturing facilities in South Korea are located near urban areas and emit various air pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), a Group 1 carcinogen. However, few measurem...
26 August 2022
The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), including disposable e-cigarettes, has been prevalent. Existing chemical analyses of ENDS focused on e-liquids rather than aerosols and failed to consider particle sizes and aerosol respiratory...
The brick and tile industry was selected to investigate the impact of pollutants emitted from such industry on air quality. Based on the 2018 Zhengzhou City Census data and combined with field sampling and research visits, an emission inventory of th...
In early corneal examinations, the relationships between the morphological and biomechanical features of the cornea were unclear. Although consistent links have been demonstrated between the two in certain cases, these are not valid in many diseased...
Regional atmospheric environmental problems have become increasingly prominent due to continuous urbanization in China. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the California Puff (CALPUFF) air quality model was a...
The tooth has an unusual sensory system that converts external stimuli predominantly into pain, yet its sensory afferents in teeth demonstrate cytochemical properties of non-nociceptive neurons. This review summarizes the recent knowledge underlying...
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