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Photonics
Special Issues
OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies
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OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies

A special issue of Photonics (ISSN 2304-6732). This special issue belongs to the section "Biophotonics and Biomedical Optics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 October 2024) | Viewed by 12116

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jun Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Postdoc, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Berkeley, 1951 Oxford St., California, CA 94720, USA
Interests: optical coherence tomography; scanning laser ophthalmoscopy; optical microscopy; bioimaging; biophotonics; mouse brain imaging; in vivo imaging
Dr. Conrad Merkle

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 4L, 1090 Vienna, Austria
Interests: hemodynamics; neuroimaging; ophthalmology; tomography; optical coherence

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and its associated technologies, such as OCT angiography, Doppler OCT, polarization-sensitive OCT, OCT elastography have been widely applied in ophthalmology, gastroenterology, cancer biology, neuroscience and many other fields. Current efforts in the field are advancing OCT technologies, leading to a higher resolution, faster scanning speed, larger scanning field-of-view, and novel contrast for imaging. With these technical innovations, relevant preclinical and clinical disease studies are being further developed.

This Special Issue aims to present original research studies on advances in OCT-relevant technologies, and their applications in disease studies. In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Optical coherence tomography/microscopy;
  • OCT aniography;
  • Low coherence interferometery;
  • Image processing;
  • Polarization sensitive OCT;
  • Spectroscopic OCT;
  • Biophotonics;
  • Retina imaging;
  • Brain imaging;
  • Disease model;
  • Preclinical and clinical imaging.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Jun Zhu
Dr. Conrad Merkle
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Photonics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1702 KiB  
Article
Automated Characterization of Intrastromal Corneal Cuts Induced by Two Femtosecond Laser Systems Using OCT Imaging
by Masoud Mehrjoo, Pooja Khamar, Soodabeh Darzi, Shwetabh Verma, Rohit Shetty and Samuel Arba Mosquera
Photonics 2024, 11(12), 1123; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11121123 - 27 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1107
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained momentum on segmenting anterior corneal substructures, such as treatment-induced flaps and lenticule cuts created by femtosecond lasers. However, recent semi-automated methods rely on manual markers, which can introduce bias and variability. In this work, we present an [...] Read more.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has gained momentum on segmenting anterior corneal substructures, such as treatment-induced flaps and lenticule cuts created by femtosecond lasers. However, recent semi-automated methods rely on manual markers, which can introduce bias and variability. In this work, we present an automated algorithm designed to overcome the limitations in the geometric quantification of intrastromal cuts produced by two different femtosecond lasers, using a unique imaging system. Our analysis, conducted on peri-operative segmentations of goat eyes, aims to demonstrate the method’s potential for contributing to ongoing efforts and enhancing clinical outcomes in refractive surgery treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies)
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18 pages, 18137 KiB  
Article
Characterizing Normal and Tumour Blood Microcirculatory Systems Using Optical Coherence Tomography
by Héctor A. Contreras-Sánchez, William Jeffrey Zabel, Costel Flueraru, Lothar Lilge, Edward Taylor and Alex Vitkin
Photonics 2024, 11(9), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11090891 - 21 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 5281
Abstract
Blood vessels transport blood and deliver essential molecules to cells. In cancer, the tumour vasculature evolves very differently from healthy tissue, not only in morphology but also in functionality. Comprehensive 3D in vivo imaging of the tumour microcirculatory system thus might lead to [...] Read more.
Blood vessels transport blood and deliver essential molecules to cells. In cancer, the tumour vasculature evolves very differently from healthy tissue, not only in morphology but also in functionality. Comprehensive 3D in vivo imaging of the tumour microcirculatory system thus might lead to a clearer understanding of the vascular role in tumour growth and response to cancer therapy. Here, we employed two optical coherence tomography (OCT) extensions, speckle-variance and Doppler, to study the microvascular architecture and blood flow in normal murine and xenograft tumour tissue. We explored the biophysics of blood flow in microcirculation and extracted relevant quantification features such as vessel diameters and velocity histograms, and combined diameter–velocity plots. It was demonstrated that tumour microcirculation evolves in time and differs from healthy tissue, impacting tumour growth kinetics. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the potential of OCT to provide an understanding of the temporal evolution of the tumour vasculature and its relationship with tumour development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies)
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17 pages, 4638 KiB  
Article
MT_Net: A Multi-Scale Framework Using the Transformer Block for Retina Layer Segmentation
by Enyu Liu, Xiang He, Junchen Yue, Yanxin Guan, Shuai Yang, Lei Zhang, Aiqun Wang, Jianmei Li and Weiye Song
Photonics 2024, 11(7), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070607 - 27 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1491
Abstract
Variations in the thickness of retinal layers serve as early diagnostic indicators for various fundus diseases, and precise segmentation of these layers is essential for accurately measuring their thickness. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an important non-invasive tool for diagnosing various eye diseases [...] Read more.
Variations in the thickness of retinal layers serve as early diagnostic indicators for various fundus diseases, and precise segmentation of these layers is essential for accurately measuring their thickness. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is an important non-invasive tool for diagnosing various eye diseases through the acquisition and layering of retinal images. However, noise and artifacts in images present significant challenges in accurately segmenting retinal layers. We propose a novel method for retinal layer segmentation that addresses these issues. This method utilizes ConvNeXt as the backbone network to enhance multi-scale feature extraction and incorporates a Transformer–CNN module to improve global processing capabilities. This method has achieved the highest segmentation accuracy on the Retina500 dataset, with a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 81.26% and an accuracy (Acc) of 91.38%, and has shown excellent results on the public NR206 dataset. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies)
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14 pages, 6277 KiB  
Article
Effects of Excitation Angle on Air-Puff-Stimulated Surface Acoustic Wave-Based Optical Coherence Elastography (SAW-OCE)
by Zhengshuyi Feng, Yilong Zhang, Weiyi Jiang, Weichen Wang, Chunhui Li and Zhihong Huang
Photonics 2024, 11(3), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11030254 - 12 Mar 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1583
Abstract
Increased stiffness of tissues has been recognised as a diagnostic feature of pathologies. Tissue stiffness characterisation usually involves the detection of tissue response from mechanical stimulation. Air-puff optical coherence elastography (OCE) can generate impulse surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on tissue surface without contact [...] Read more.
Increased stiffness of tissues has been recognised as a diagnostic feature of pathologies. Tissue stiffness characterisation usually involves the detection of tissue response from mechanical stimulation. Air-puff optical coherence elastography (OCE) can generate impulse surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on tissue surface without contact and evaluate the mechanical properties of tissue. This study endeavours to explore the optimal excitation angle for air-puff OCE, a parameter that lacks standardisation at present, by investigating the relationship between the frequency bandwidth and peak-to-peak signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of SAWs for different excitation angles (relative to the normal surface) of air-puff on the sample, from 5° to 85°, with an interval of 5° applied on the phantom. Due to the unevenness of human hands, 20°, 45° and 70° angles were employed for human skin (10 healthy adults). The results show that a smaller excitation angle could produce higher wave frequency bandwidth; a 5° angle generated an SAW with 1747 Hz frequency bandwidth, while an 85° angle produced an SAW with 1205 Hz. Significant differences were not shown in peak-to-peak SNR comparison between 5° and 65° on the phantom, but between 65° and 85° at the excitation position, a reduction of 48.6% was observed. Furthermore, the group velocity of the SAWs was used to evaluate the bulk Young’s modulus of the human tissue. The outcomes could provide essential guidance for air-puff-based elastography studies in clinical applications and future tissue research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies)
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Review

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19 pages, 2616 KiB  
Review
Optical Coherence Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlation for Understanding the Pathogenic, Clinical, and Prognostic Implications in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
by Serena Fragiotta, Mariachiara Di Pippo, Daniele Fumi, Chiara Ciancimino and Solmaz Abdolrahimzadeh
Photonics 2025, 12(3), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics12030237 - 5 Mar 2025
Viewed by 776
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in elucidating the pathogenic, clinical, and prognostic implications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines the utility of OCT in providing high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal structures comparable to an in [...] Read more.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has emerged as a pivotal imaging modality in elucidating the pathogenic, clinical, and prognostic implications of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This review examines the utility of OCT in providing high-resolution, cross-sectional imaging of retinal structures comparable to an in vivo histopathology. Recent histopathological correlations with OCT have enabled the precise characterization of AMD extracellular lesions, improving the interpretation of several OCT signatures. By correlating OCT findings with clinicopathological features, a deeper understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of AMD is achieved, facilitating early detection, risk stratification, and therapeutic decision making. Furthermore, OCT-derived biomarkers offer valuable insights into disease severity, response to treatment, and prognostic outcomes, thereby enhancing patient care and optimizing visual outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue OCT Technology Advances and Their Applications in Disease Studies)
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