1,425 Results Found

This study aims to examine the impact of zearalenone (ZEA) on glucose nutrient absorption and the role of the Kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology-associated protein 1 (Keap1)–nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)...

Rho-kinase (ROCK) inhibitors represent a new category of anti-glaucoma medications. Among them, Fasudil hydrochloride, a selective ROCK inhibitor, has demonstrated promising outcomes in glaucoma treatment. It works by inhibiting the ROCK pathway, whi...

As the most mature natural gas sweetening process, absorption has always been improved to meet the separation requirement. Recently, ultrasonic irradiation has been proposed as a technique that can intensify CO₂ absorption. However, further studies a...

Ruminants can use volatile fatty acids from rumen fermentation for energy, but substantial starch may bypass the rumen and enter into the small intestine under a high-grain diet. In theory, intestinal starch digestion is energetically more efficient...

Calcium absorption is regulated by both active (transcellular) and passive (paracellular) pathways. Although each pathway has been studied, correlations between the two pathways have not been well elucidated. In previous investigations, the critical...

The drug efflux transporter permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) plays an important role in oral drug absorption and distribution. Under microgravity (MG), the changes in P-gp efflux function may alter the efficacy of oral drugs or lead to unexpected eff...

The modulation of tight junction (TJ) integrity with small molecules is important for drug delivery. High-dose baicalin (BLI), baicalein (BLE), quercetin (QUE), and hesperetin (HST) have been shown to open TJs in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) II c...

The absorption of atmospheric particulate matter lead (APM-Pb) by wheat leaves is the primary source of Pb in wheat grains, yet the mechanisms of how wheat leaves absorb Pb remain unclear. In this study, spraying Pb(NO₃)₂ (Treatment T1) and spraying...

Nano-sized zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) affects lipid deposition, but its absorption patterns and mechanisms affecting lipid metabolism are still unclear. This study was undertaken to investigate the molecular mechanism of nano-ZnO absorption and its effect...

A promising route for removing antibiotics such as penicillin from wastewater is photocatalytic degradation under UV irradiation using TiO₂ nanoparticles. However, the microscopic mechanisms governing the initial degradation steps remain poorly under...

The human intestine is covered by epithelium, which is continuously replaced by new cells provided by stem cells located at the bottom of the glands. The maintenance of intestinal stem cells is supported by a niche which is composed of several signal...

Gene expression is regulated at many levels, including mRNA transcription, translation, and post-translational modification. Compared with transcriptional regulation, mRNA translational control is a more critical step in gene expression and allows fo...

A highly versatile Z-scheme heterostructure, Ho₂SmSbO₇/YbDyBiNbO₇ (HYO), was synthesized using an ultrasonic-assisted solvent thermal method. The HYO heterojunction, composed of dual A₂B₂O₇ compounds, exhibits superior separation of photogenerated ca...

Background: It has been documented that radiation can influence the pharmacokinetics of chemotherapy drugs, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In clinical practice, a considerable number of cancer patients undergo radiotherapy, a...

Calcium is one of the most important mineral elements in the human body and is closely related to the maintenance of human health. To prevent calcium deficiency, various calcium supplements have been developed, but their application tends to be limit...

N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a specific factor in red meat that induces intestinal disease. Our aim was to investigate the effect of Neu5Gc on the intestinal barrier as well as its mechanism of endocytosis and exocytosis. Ten specific inhibi...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate mechanisms behind the intestinal permeability of minoxidil, with special emphasis on paracellular transport, and elucidate the suitability of minoxidil to be a reference drug for Biopharmaceutics Classificati...

Calbindin-D_9k (CaBP-9k) binds calcium with high affinity and regulates the distribution of free calcium in the cytoplasm. The expression of CaBP-9k is detected primarily in intestine that is vitamin D target tissue, and accumulates in the enterocytes...

Pollution by microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs) raises concerns, not only regarding their environmental effects, but also their potential impact on human health by internalization via the small intestine. However, the detailed pathways of MNP inte...

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency and diarrheal diseases are both serious public health issues worldwide. VA deficiency is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function and increased risk of mucosal infection-related mortality. The bioactive form of V...

Microplastics (MPs) have been identified as an emerging soil pollutant and a global environmental concern. Scientists have recently paid attention to the contamination of soil by MPs as their detrimental impacts on soil systems are largely unknown. M...

Due to activities like mining and smelting, lead (Pb) enters the atmosphere in various forms in coarse and fine particles. It enters plants mainly through leaves, and goes up the food chain. In this study, PbX_n (nano-PbS, mic-PbO and PbCl₂) was appli...

As an endogenous hormone, auxin plays a crucial role in regulating plants’ growth and development, and also in the responses to abiotic stresses. However, the effects and mechanism of auxin and its inhibitors on plant growth and mineral nutrien...

Vitamin D is a critical regulator of calcium and bone homeostasis. While vitamin D has multiple effects on bone and calcium metabolism, the regulation of intestinal calcium (Ca) absorption efficiency is a critical function for vitamin D. This is nece...

The simultaneous removal of nitrogen oxides (NO_x) and sulfur dioxide (SO₂) by absorption is considered to be one of the most promising technologies for flue gas treatment, and sulfite is the main component of the absorption solution. To understand th...

Diarrhea symptoms appeared after antibiotics were banned from animal feed based on the law of the Chinese government in 2020. The colon and its contents were collected and analyzed from diarrheal and healthy rabbits using three omics analyses. The re...

The intestine is a key organ for the absorption of amino acids. L-theanine (LTA) is a structural analog of glutamine and a characteristic non-protein amino acid found in tea (Camellia sinensis) that regulates lipid and protein metabolism. The present...

In a humid environment, the stray current generated by subway operation will corrode the underground pipe network and the internal steel structure of the track plate, which will seriously affect the service life of the subway track plate and increase...

The complex etiology, higher morbidity and mortality, poor prognosis, and expensive cost of calf diarrhea have made it a catastrophic disease in the dairy industry. This study aims to assess the biomarkers in calves with diarrhea and to predict the b...

This study evaluated chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) contamination in raw milk from industrial areas in China, identified the possible pathways of heavy metals from the environment to raw milk, and made a risk assessment of t...

Ruthenium nitrosyl complexes are fascinating versatile photoactive molecules that can either undergo NO linkage photoisomerization or NO photorelease. The photochromic response of three ruthenium mononitrosyl complexes, trans-[RuCl(NO)(py)₄]²⁺, trans...

Dietary carotenoids, especially xanthophylls, have attracted significant attention because of their characteristic biological activities, including anti-allergic, anti-cancer, and anti-obese actions. Although no less than forty carotenoids are ingest...

There is compelling evidence that the absorption of low-energy UV radiation directly by DNA in solution generates guanine radicals with quantum yields that are strongly dependent on the secondary structure. Key players in this unexpected phenomenon a...

The gut microbiota plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism, mainly through the reduction of cholesterol to coprostanol. The latter sterol exhibits distinct physicochemical properties linked to its limited absorption in the gut. Few bacteria were r...

Traditionally, retrieving both temperature and CO₂ concentration in atmospheric remote sensing has relied on two independent lidar systems, leading to increased system complexity and limited coordination. To address this challenge, we propose a coord...

This study aimed to analyze the transcriptome of C. rupestris under Pb²⁺ stress by using high-throughput sequencing technology, observe the changes of gene expression and metabolic pathway after three and five days under 1.0 and 5.0 mg/L of Pb²⁺ trea...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a central nervous system dysfunction syndrome caused by acute and chronic liver failure or various portal systemic shunt disorders. HE arises from metabolic disorder and excludes other known types of encephalopathy. HE...

(1) Background: Silica nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) have a high potential for human exposure and tend to accumulate in the liver. This study aimed to explore the size-dependent cytotoxicity induced by SiO₂ NPs and identify key molecular pathways at the i...

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) have been detected in various environmental matrices and have been identified as emerging contaminants (EC). Given the adverse influence of OPFRs, many researchers have focused on the absorption, bioaccumulati...

Zinc-binding peptides from oyster (Crassostrea gigas) have potential effects on zinc supplementation. The aim of this study was to prepare efficient zinc-binding peptides from oyster-modified hydrolysates by adding exogenous glutamate according to th...

Follicular atresia is mainly driven by the oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of granulosa cells (GCs). Oxidative stress mediated by H₂O₂ is the predominant form of stress in cells and plays a key role in the death of porcine GCs. In the present stud...

Selecting suitable feed types and understanding the gastrointestinal digestive mechanism are helpful for the growth and health of calves in intensive dairy farming. However, the effects on rumen development of changing the molecular genetic basis and...

Molecular aggregates are of interest to a broad range of fields including light harvesting, organic optoelectronics, and nanoscale computing. In molecular aggregates, nonradiative decay pathways may emerge that were not present in the constituent mol...

The bovine immune system is known for its unusual traits relating to immunoglobulin and antiviral responses. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that cause post-translational deimination, contributing to protein...

Target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) is an important regulator of various signaling pathways. It can control cell growth and development by integrating multiple signals from amino acids, glucose, phosphate, growth factors, pressure, oxidation, and s...

To clarify the nutritional mechanisms of quercetin mitigation in the digestive and absorptive functions in rats fed protein-oxidized soybean meal, 48 three-week-old male SD rats were randomly allocated into a 2 × 2 factorial design with two soy...

In the small intestine, sodium (Na) absorption occurs primarily via two apical transporters, Na-hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) and Na-glucose cotransporter 1 (SGLT1). The two primary Na-absorptive pathways were previously shown to compensatorily regulat...

Recent advances in the chemistry of melanins have begun to disclose a number of important structure-property-function relationships of crucial relevance to the biological role of human pigments, including skin (photo) protection and UV-susceptibility...

The impact of dietary advanced glycation end products (dAGEs) on human health has been discussed in many studies but, to date, no consensual pathophysiological process has been demonstrated. The intestinal absorption pathways which have so far been d...

Although numerous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and candidate genes have been implicated in litter size in certain pig breeds, the genetic basis underlying the pronounced differences in reproductive capacity among breeds remains incompletely underst...