An in-depth investigation was performed on a metallic interconnect extracted from an SOFC stack operated for 40,000 h. The characterization was performed on the surface and the cross-section, paying attention to the evolution of the materials due to...
The main purpose of this paper was to develop a complete dynamic model of a power generation system based on two serially connected solid oxide fuel cell stacks. The uniqueness of this study lies in a different number of fuel cells in the stacks. The...
This study analyzes flow uniformity in U-flow pattern and Z-flow pattern solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks, assessing their performance under different stack heights and rates of fuel/air usage. Both configurations achieved satisfactory flow distri...
Mechanical failures in the operating stacks of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are frequently related to thermal stresses generated by a temperature gradient and its variation. In this study, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is developed and...
In this study, a high-fidelity, full-scale three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to analyze the effects of U-type and Z-type interconnection configurations on flow and distribution uniformity within a 4 × 1 kW...
The paper presents the experimental results of applying a novel protective coating made from Mn1.7Cu1.3-xFexO4, compared to commercial spinels Mn1.5Co1.5O4 and MnCo2O4, as a key component responsible for preventing chromium diffusion and slowing the...
In this work, a 3D multi-physics coupled model was developed to analyze the temperature and thermal stress distribution in a planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack, and then the effects of different flow channels (co-flow, counter-flow and cross-f...
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) systems operating with methane usually are equipped with an external reformer to produce syngas. The conventional applied technology is steam methane reforming. Recent studies, instead, are presenting dry reforming as pot...
Ammonia has strong potentialities as sustainable fuel for energy applications. NH3 is carbon free and can be synthetized from renewable energy sources (RES). In Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, NH3 reacts electrochemically thereby avoiding the production of t...
This paper performs a dynamic analysis of a 10-kW solid oxide fuel cell/combined heat and power (SOFC-CHP) system with a multi-stack module via numerical simulations. The performance of stacks, tail gas burners, heat exchangers, and fuel reformers ar...
The prediction of stack output power in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems is a key technology that urgently needs improvement, which will promote SOFC systems towards high-power multi-stack applications. The accuracy of power prediction directly d...
Two commercial ferritic stainless steels (FSSs), referred to as Steel A and Steel B, designed for specific high-temperature applications, were tested in static air for 2000 h at 750 °C to evaluate their potential as base materials for interconnects (...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be fueled with various gases, including carbon-containing compounds. High operating temperatures, exceeding 600 °C, and the presence of a porous, nickel-based SOFC anode, might lead to the formation of solid car...
Numerical analysis of a U-type solid oxide fuel cell stack was performed using computational fluid dynamics to investigate the effects of stack capacities and fuel/air utilization rates on the internal flow uniformity. The results indicated that incr...
Modeling is an integral part of fuel cell design and development. This paper identifies a long-standing inaccuracy in the fuel cell modeling literature. Specifically, it discusses an inexact insertion, in popular models, of cell/stack current into Ne...
Generally, the manufacturing technology of fuel cell units is considered to satisfy the current commercialization requirements. However, achieving a high-performance and durable stack design is still an obstacle in its commercialization. The solid ox...
Based on the benchmark solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) dynamic model for power system studies and the analysis of the SOFC operating conditions, the nonlinear programming (NLP) optimization method was used to determine the maximum electrical efficiency...
The novelty of this study is to suggest a novel design for electric vehicle charging stations using fuel cell technology. The proposed system benefits from the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) to utilize the exhaust energy of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SO...
A thermodynamic model was developed and validated to analyze a high-performance solid oxide fuel cell and gas turbine (SOFC-GT) hybrid power system for electric aviation. This study used a process simulation software package (ProMax) to study the rol...
Chromium poisoning strongly influences the performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. A novel numerical model is introduced by incorporating the chemical and electrochemical aspects of chromium poisoning. It offers a detailed analysis of the...
The solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system is complicated because the characteristics of gas, heat, and electricity are intricately coupled. During the operation of the system, problems such as frequent failures and a decrease in the stack’s perfo...
Using energy efficiently and reducing environmental pollution caused by energy consumption are becoming increasingly important. In this study, a two-dimensional (2D) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack configuration was designed to be operated with si...
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology is of high interest for stationary decentralized generation of electricity and heat in combined heat and power systems (CHP) for the residential sector. Application scenarios for SOFC systems in an electricity-...
A two dimensional numerical model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with electrode functional layers is presented. The model incorporates the partial differential equations for mass transport, electric conduction and electrochemical reactions in the...
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generation system is an important equipment to realize “carbon neutralization”. In SOFC system, a fault will cause changes in working conditions, which is difficult to detect early and find the reason due to t...
Although the performance and corresponding manufacturing technology of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) units have greatly improved and have met commercial requirements over the past decades, they are constructed such that they perform poorly and lack s...
Start-up conditions largely dictate the performance longevity for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The SOFC anode is typically deposited as NiO-ceramic that is reduced to Ni-ceramic during start-up. Effective reduction is imperative to ensuring that t...
Today’s world needs highly efficient systems that can fulfill the growing demand for energy. One of the promising solutions is the fuel cell. Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is considered by many developed countries as an alternative solution of energy...
Within the framework of the SOCIETAL CHALLENGES—Secure, Clean, and Efficient Energy objective under the European Horizon 2020 research and innovation funding program, the SO-FREE project has developed a future-ready solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)...
This paper presents a macro-level model of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack implemented in Aspen Plus® for the simulation of SOFC system. The model is 0-dimensional and accepts hydrocarbon fuels such as reformed natural gas, with user inputs of c...
A distributed variable model for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), with internal fuel reforming on the anode, has been developed in Aspen HYSYS. The proposed model accounts for the complex and interactive mechanisms involved in the SOFC operation through...
Metallic interconnects are key components in planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stacks. In the present study, we evaluated four Fe-Cr powder metallurgy (PM) alloy specimens, obtained from a domestic manufacturer, at nominal compositions (in wt%) of...
Based on a prototype presented in a prior publication, this research investigates the operational characteristics of a methane-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system with anode off-gas recirculation (AOGR) for electrical energy supply on sea-goin...
Combined heat and power (CHP) systems with an integrated solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising technology to increase overall efficiency of traditional residential combustion systems. One potential system is gas tank hot water heaters where par...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have been considered as promising candidates to tackle the need for sustainable and efficient energy conversion devices. However, the current operating temperature of SOFCs poses critical challenges relating to the cost...
Intricate relationships between transport phenomena, reaction mechanisms, and mechanical aspects likely affect the durability of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack. This study presents a modeling framework that combines thermo-electro-chemo models (i...
In order to solve the control problem of the solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC), a novel adaptive tracking constrained control strategy based on a Wiener-type neural network is proposed in this paper. The working principle of SOFC is introduced, and the dyn...
Improving the power density of SOFC stacks will accelerate their integration into mobile applications. We developed a 3D Multiphysics model validated by experimental results from early studies to examine the effect of radial and circumferential flows...
Due to the high operating temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), the system efficiency depends on efficient thermal integration and the effective construction of system configuration. In this study, nine configurations of system integration de...
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems are spreading worldwide and, for limited applications, also in the transport sector where high power rates are required. In this context, this paper investigates the performance of a six-cell SOFC stack by means o...
Solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOECs) and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are the leading high-temperature devices to realize the global “Hydrogen Economy”. These devices are inherently multi-material (ceramic and cermets). They have mult...
Management of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) thermal gradients is vital to limit thermal expansion mismatch and thermal stress. However, owing to harsh operation conditions of SOFCs and limited available space in stack configuration, the number of tech...
A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is popular amongst other fuel cell technologies due to fuel flexibility, low cost, and stability. Because of difficulties involved in the handling of hydrogen, onsite hydrogen production is considered for many small- an...
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) have complex characteristics, including a long time delay, strong thermoelectrical coupling, and multiple constraints. This leads to multiple control objectives, such as efficiently controlling the power output of the s...
We investigated the effect of electrolyte thickness and operating temperature on the heat and mass transfer characteristics of solid oxide fuel cells. We conducted extensive numerical simulations to analyze single cell performance of a planar solid o...
Hydrogen (H2) energy is an ideal non-polluting renewable energy and can achieve long-term energy storage, which can effectively regulate the intermittence and seasonal fluctuation of solar energy. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) can generate electricit...
A small-scale, decentralized hybrid system is proposed for autonomous operation in a commercial building (small hotel). The study attempts to provide a potential solution, which will be attractive both in terms of efficiency and economics. The propos...
Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance degradation analysis and optimization studies are important prerequisites for its commercialization. Reviewing and summarizing SOFC performance degradation studies can help researchers identify research gaps a...
Reactive air brazing has been widely used in fabricating solid oxide fuel/electrolysis cell (SOFC/SOEC) stacks. However, the conventional Ag–CuO braze can lead to (I) over oxidation at the steel interconnect interface caused by its adverse reac...
Degradation of electrode microstructure is one of the key factors affecting long term performance of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell systems. Evolution of a multiphase system can be described quantitatively by the change in its interfacial energy. In this pape...
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