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Processes
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Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)
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Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC)

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 16329

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Vanja Subotic

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Institute of Thermal Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
Interests: numerical and experimental investigations of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and electrolysers (SOEC); degradation mechanisms in solid oxide cells (SOC); fuel flexibility in SOFCs; prognostics and health management tools for SOCs; development of regeneration strategies for improvement of the SOC performance and extension of their lifetime
Prof. Dr. Teko W. Napporn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut de Chimie des Milieux et des Matériaux de Poitiers (IC2MP) UMR 7285 CNRS, University of Poitiers, Poitiers, France
Interests: electrocatalysis for energy conversion systems; nanostructured electrocatalysts for fuel cells and electrolyzers; single chamber solid oxide fuel cells

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solid oxide fuel cells are highly efficient electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy of gaseous fuels directly into electrical energy and in an environmentally friendly manner. They are a very promising candidate for future fuel cell-powered energy society, especially when considering stationary high-power systems.

In the last decades, much research and development activities on solid oxide fuel cells have been conducted worldwide and many significant advances have been made. As an example, new materials for anodes, cathodes and electrolytes have been developed that provide better performance, stability and durability, as well as lower degradation rates. Moreover, the first steps towards commercialization of the technology have already been taken.

This special issue “Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells” seeks high quality works focusing on the latest advances in solid oxide fuel cell technology considering:

  • materials development
  • single-cell, stack and system development
  • optimizing operating environment
  • modelling and numerical analysis of SOFCs
  • fuel flexibility
  • internal reforming
  • degradation mechanisms in solid oxide fuel cells
  • online monitoring tools
Dr. Vanja Subotic
Prof. Dr. Teko W. Napporn
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)
  • Anode
  • Cathode
  • Electrolyte
  • Degradation
  • Internal reforming

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 442 KiB  
Article
Synthesizing Electrically Equivalent Circuits for Use in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy through Grammatical Evolution
by Matevž Kunaver, Mark Žic, Iztok Fajfar, Tadej Tuma, Árpád Bűrmen, Vanja Subotić and Žiga Rojec
Processes 2021, 9(11), 1859; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9111859 - 20 Oct 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2048
Abstract
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important electrochemical technique that is used to detect changes and ongoing processes in a given material. The main challenge of EIS is interpreting the collected measurements, which can be performed in several ways. This article focuses on [...] Read more.
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is an important electrochemical technique that is used to detect changes and ongoing processes in a given material. The main challenge of EIS is interpreting the collected measurements, which can be performed in several ways. This article focuses on the electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) approach and uses grammatical evolution to automatically construct an EEC that produces an AC response that corresponds to one obtained by the measured electrochemical process(es). For fitting purposes, synthetic measurements and data from measurements in a realistic environment were used. In order to be able to faithfully fit realistic data from measurements, a new circuit element (ZARC) had to be implemented and integrated into the SPICE simulator, which was used for evaluating EECs. Not only is the presented approach able to automatically (i.e., with almost no user input) produce a more than satisfactory EEC for each of the datasets, but it also can also generate completely new EEC configurations. These new configurations may help researchers to find some new, previously overlooked ongoing electrochemical processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC))
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22 pages, 6724 KiB  
Article
How to Power the Energy–Water Nexus: Coupling Desalination and Hydrogen Energy Storage in Mini-Grids with Reversible Solid Oxide Cells
by Arianna Baldinelli, Linda Barelli, Gianni Bidini, Giovanni Cinti, Alessandro Di Michele and Francesco Mondi
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111494 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3428
Abstract
Sustainable Development Goals establish the main challenges humankind is called to tackle to assure equal comfort of living worldwide. Among these, the access to affordable renewable energy and clean water are overriding, especially in the context of developing economies. Reversible Solid Oxide Cells [...] Read more.
Sustainable Development Goals establish the main challenges humankind is called to tackle to assure equal comfort of living worldwide. Among these, the access to affordable renewable energy and clean water are overriding, especially in the context of developing economies. Reversible Solid Oxide Cells (rSOC) are a pivotal technology for their sector-coupling potential. This paper aims at studying the implementation of such a technology in new concept PV-hybrid energy storage mini-grids with close access to seawater. In such assets, rSOCs have a double useful effect: charge/discharge of the bulk energy storage combined with seawater desalination. Based on the outcomes of an experimental proof-of-concept on a single cell operated with salty water, the operation of the novel mini-grid is simulated throughout a solar year. Simulation results identify the fittest mini-grid configuration in order to achieve energy and environmental optimization, hence scoring a renewable penetration of more than 95%, marginal CO2 emissions (13 g/kWh), and almost complete coverage of load demand. Sector-coupling co-production rate (desalinated water versus electricity issued from the rSOC) is 0.29 L/kWh. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC))
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14 pages, 3416 KiB  
Article
Direct Solid Oxide Electrolysis of Carbon Dioxide: Analysis of Performance and Processes
by Severin Foit, Lucy Dittrich, Tobias Duyster, Izaak Vinke, Rüdiger-A. Eichel and L. G. J. (Bert) de Haart
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1390; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111390 - 31 Oct 2020
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4186
Abstract
Chemical industries rely heavily on fossil resources for the production of carbon-based chemicals. A possible transformation towards sustainability is the usage of carbon dioxide as a source of carbon. Carbon dioxide is activated for follow-up reactions by its conversion to carbon monoxide. This [...] Read more.
Chemical industries rely heavily on fossil resources for the production of carbon-based chemicals. A possible transformation towards sustainability is the usage of carbon dioxide as a source of carbon. Carbon dioxide is activated for follow-up reactions by its conversion to carbon monoxide. This can be accomplished by electrochemical reduction in solid oxide cells. In this work, we investigate the process performance of the direct high-temperature CO2 electrolysis by current-voltage characteristics (iV) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) experiments. Variations of the operation parameters temperature, load, fuel utilization, feed gas ratio and flow rate show the versatility of the procedure with maintaining high current densities of 0.75 up to 1.5 A·cm−2, therefore resulting in high conversion rates. The potential of the high-temperature carbon dioxide electrolysis as a suitable enabler for the activation of CO2 as a chemical feedstock is therefore appointed and shown. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC))
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21 pages, 9198 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Soot Deposition Mechanisms on Nickel-Based Anodes of SOFCs in Single-Cell and Stack Environment
by Konrad Motylinski, Marcin Blesznowski, Marek Skrzypkiewicz, Michal Wierzbicki, Agnieszka Zurawska, Arkadiusz Baran, Maciej Bakala and Jakub Kupecki
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111370 - 29 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2974
Abstract
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be fueled with various gases, including carbon-containing compounds. High operating temperatures, exceeding 600 °C, and the presence of a porous, nickel-based SOFC anode, might lead to the formation of solid carbon particles from fuels such as carbon [...] Read more.
Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) can be fueled with various gases, including carbon-containing compounds. High operating temperatures, exceeding 600 °C, and the presence of a porous, nickel-based SOFC anode, might lead to the formation of solid carbon particles from fuels such as carbon monoxide and other gases with hydrocarbon-based compounds. Carbon deposition on fuel electrode surfaces can cause irreversible damage to the cell, eventually destroying the electrode. Soot formation mechanisms are strictly related to electrochemical, kinetic, and thermodynamic conditions. In the current study, the effects of carbon deposition on the lifetime and performance of SOFCs were analyzed in-operando, both in single-cell and stack conditions. It was observed that anodic gas velocity has an impact on soot formation and deposition, thus it was also studied in depth. Single-anode-supported solid oxide fuel cells were fueled with gases delivered in such a way that the initial velocities in the anodic compartment ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 m/s. Both cell operation and post-mortem observations proved that the carbon deposition process accelerates at higher anodic gas velocity. Furthermore, single-cell results were verified in an SOFC stack operated in carbon-deposition regime by dry-coupling with a downdraft 150 kWth biomass gasifier. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC))
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10 pages, 5611 KiB  
Article
Room Temperature Ferroelastic Creep Behavior of Porous (La0.6Sr0.4)0.95Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ
by Barbara Arnauda, Ali Akbari-Fakhrabadi, Nina Orlovskaya, Viviana Meruane and Wakako Araki
Processes 2020, 8(11), 1346; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111346 - 24 Oct 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1802
Abstract
The time-dependent deformation of porous (La0.6Sr0.4)0.95Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) under constant uniaxial compressive stress at room temperature has been studied. Both axial and lateral stress–strain deformation curves clearly show the non-linear ferroelastic behavior of [...] Read more.
The time-dependent deformation of porous (La0.6Sr0.4)0.95Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) under constant uniaxial compressive stress at room temperature has been studied. Both axial and lateral stress–strain deformation curves clearly show the non-linear ferroelastic behavior of LSCF perovskite during compression. The ferroelastic characteristics of deformation curves such as coercive stress and apparent loading moduli decrease when the porosity of the samples increases. Ferroelastic creep deformations at applied stresses of 25 and 50 MPa demonstrate that stress and porosity are influencing factors on creep deformation, which increases with increasing stress and porosity. A negative creep or axial expansion and lateral contraction were observed in the sample with 35% porosity under 50-MPa constant compression stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC))
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