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Most Cited

  • Review
  • Open Access
133 Citations
8,535 Views
13 Pages

Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic

  • Nicola Principi,
  • Giovanni Autore,
  • Greta Ramundo and
  • Susanna Esposito

13 May 2023

To face the COVID-19 outbreak, a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at limiting the spread of the virus in communities, such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, travel restrictions, and school closures, were int...

  • Review
  • Open Access
130 Citations
15,714 Views
36 Pages

Current Clinical Landscape and Global Potential of Bacteriophage Therapy

  • Nicole Marie Hitchcock,
  • Danielle Devequi Gomes Nunes,
  • Job Shiach,
  • Katharine Valeria Saraiva Hodel,
  • Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa,
  • Leticia Alencar Pereira Rodrigues,
  • Brahm Seymour Coler,
  • Milena Botelho Pereira Soares and
  • Roberto Badaró

21 April 2023

In response to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance, there is an increased demand for novel and innovative antimicrobials. Bacteriophages have been known for their potential clinical utility in lysing bacteria for almost a century. Social pr...

  • Review
  • Open Access
127 Citations
19,133 Views
32 Pages

The Role of Viral Infections in the Onset of Autoimmune Diseases

  • Bhargavi Sundaresan,
  • Fatemeh Shirafkan,
  • Kevin Ripperger and
  • Kristin Rattay

18 March 2023

Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) are the consequence of a breach in immune tolerance, leading to the inability to sufficiently differentiate between self and non-self. Immune reactions that are targeted towards self-antigens can ultimately lead to the dest...

  • Review
  • Open Access
113 Citations
17,226 Views
16 Pages

Research Advances on the Stability of mRNA Vaccines

  • Feiran Cheng,
  • Yiping Wang,
  • Yu Bai,
  • Zhenglun Liang,
  • Qunying Mao,
  • Dong Liu,
  • Xing Wu and
  • Miao Xu

2 March 2023

Compared to other vaccines, the inherent properties of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and their interaction with lipid nanoparticles make them considerably unstable throughout their life cycles, impacting their effectiveness and global accessibility....

  • Review
  • Open Access
105 Citations
29,764 Views
30 Pages

31 January 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long COVID is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within a few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder is characterized by a wide range of persisting, returning o...

  • Review
  • Open Access
104 Citations
10,883 Views
24 Pages

Virus-like Particle Vaccines and Platforms for Vaccine Development

  • Milad Kheirvari,
  • Hong Liu and
  • Ebenezer Tumban

2 May 2023

Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained a lot of interest within the past two decades. The use of VLP-based vaccines to protect against three infectious agents—hepatitis B virus, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis E virus—has been approv...

  • Review
  • Open Access
97 Citations
6,653 Views
38 Pages

Hyperinflammatory Response in COVID-19: A Systematic Review

  • Marcos Jessé Abrahão Silva,
  • Layana Rufino Ribeiro,
  • Maria Isabel Montoril Gouveia,
  • Beatriz dos Reis Marcelino,
  • Carolynne Silva dos Santos,
  • Karla Valéria Batista Lima and
  • Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima

16 February 2023

COVID-19 is a multisystemic disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The immunopathogenic conditions of the hyperinflammatory response that cause systemic inflammation are extremely linked to its severity. T...

  • Review
  • Open Access
97 Citations
21,828 Views
37 Pages

Zoonotic Animal Influenza Virus and Potential Mixing Vessel Hosts

  • Elsayed M. Abdelwhab and
  • Thomas C. Mettenleiter

16 April 2023

Influenza viruses belong to the family Orthomyxoviridae with a negative-sense, single-stranded segmented RNA genome. They infect a wide range of animals, including humans. From 1918 to 2009, there were four influenza pandemics, which caused millions...

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Viruses - ISSN 1999-4915