Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Virus Isolation Using Cell Culture Approaches
2.1. Viral Culture
2.2. Shell Viral Culture (SVC)
3. Direct Fluorescent Antibody Test (DFA)
4. Serological Assays
4.1. Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay
4.2. Virus Neutralization Assay
4.3. Single Radial Hemolysis
4.4. Complement Fixation
4.5. Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorant Assay
5. Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Tests (RIDTs)
6. Lab-on-a-Chip/Microchip Devices
7. Nucleic Acid-Based Tests (NATs)
7.1. Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR)
7.2. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Based Assay (LAMP)
7.3. Simple Amplification-Based Assay (SAMBA)
7.4. Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification (NASBA)
7.5. Microarray-Based Approaches
8. Nucleic Acid Sequencing Approaches
8.1. Sanger Sequencing
8.2. Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)
9. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Disclaimer
Abbreviations
References
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Vemula, S.V.; Zhao, J.; Liu, J.; Wang, X.; Biswas, S.; Hewlett, I. Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans. Viruses 2016, 8, 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8040096
Vemula SV, Zhao J, Liu J, Wang X, Biswas S, Hewlett I. Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans. Viruses. 2016; 8(4):96. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8040096
Chicago/Turabian StyleVemula, Sai Vikram, Jiangqin Zhao, Jikun Liu, Xue Wang, Santanu Biswas, and Indira Hewlett. 2016. "Current Approaches for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infections in Humans" Viruses 8, no. 4: 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/v8040096