Noroviruses pose a major public health challenge in structurally closed or semi-closed settings where person-to-person contact, shared environment, and high-risk populations facilitate rapid transmission. This narrative review synthesizes epidemiolog...
Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) remains a major challenge to livestock production and cattle farming, causing substantial economic losses and adverse health effects despite existing disease management strategies. This study develops a nonlinear mathematical...
Bovine herpesviruses comprise a diverse group of pathogens with distinct tissue tropisms, epidemiological patterns, and clinical relevance. Bovine alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 (BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5) are the best characterized, given their association with...
Background: The prognosis of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) in solid organ transplant recipients is extremely poor. The efficacy and safety of various treatments used in COVID-19 have not been fully explored in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs...
Antiviral inhibition does not produce a single therapeutic endpoint: some infections can be cured after finite treatment, others require durable suppression, and others remain difficult to influence because the actionable phase is brief or anatomical...
Arboviruses and respiratory viruses are two major diverse groups of pathogens that pose persistent challenges to global public health [...]
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for HIV-1 prevention and treatment, but their efficacy extends far beyond their direct antiviral capacity. In addition to traditional Fab-mediated neutralization...
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; WTD) are an abundant species in the United States of America (U.S.) that live closely with humans and carry zoonotic pathogens. In 2020, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spilled o...
The therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic viruses is often limited by tumor cells that resist virus-mediated killing. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) in PC3 cells, an aggressive, me...
Background: Viral infections of the respiratory tract in patients with hematological disorders show a similar seasonal pattern to that of the normal population; however, these infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in this group...
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of umifenovir for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs), including evidence from Russian-language clinical trials not previously incorporated int...
Progressive enrichment of agalactosylated IgG G0 glycoforms has been repeatedly associated with severe and fatal COVID-19. Similar hypogalactosylated IgG phenotypes have also been described in persistent viral infection, post-infectious immune-mediat...
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) mount an antiviral defense by targeting both viral components and cellular pathways required for infection. Here, we show that the interferon- and virus-inducible antiviral factor TRIM69 suppresses cellular AMP-acti...
Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been available for more than a decade, yet its population-level impact has been constrained by a single, persistent problem: adherence. Daily pill-taking, even among highly motivated populations, proves diffic...
Foot-and-mouth-disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals, with important direct and indirect socio-economic impacts on the livestock industry. Although the disease has been successfully eradicated from some regions,...
Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has had major impacts on tomato production worldwide since its emergence in ~2014. The most critical factor behind the global pandemic of ToBRFV is the escape of the long-standing tomato tobamovirus resistance...
The T-antigens (T-ags) encoded by Polyomaviruses (PyV) have multiple roles during viral DNA replication. There is still, however, considerable uncertainty regarding the functions of T-ag during different stages of DNA replication and the regulation o...
Viral diseases are a major threat to global grapevine production, resulting in substantial economic impacts and trade restrictions. Accurate determination of the phytosanitary status of grapevine planting material is therefore critical for both domes...
Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of hospitalization in infants and young children, with the highest risk of severe disease occurring during early infancy. Age may influence not only disease severity but also the clinical...
The extensive evolutionary diversity and continuous mutational adaptation of betacoronaviruses represent a major challenge to the development of broadly protective countermeasures. This study applied an evolution-informed Viroinformatics framework to...
Ethanol has variable effectiveness against non-enveloped viruses; however, several reports suggest that it possesses virucidal activity against human adenoviruses (HAdVs). Ethanol concentrations between 45 w/w% and 95 w/w% showed sufficient activity...
As domestic and international travel has expanded, the risk of the cross-border dissemination of infectious pathogens has increased, as clearly evidenced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aircraft- and airport-based wastewater surveillance can provide ti...
Professor Robin Weiss, who died earlier this year, made profound early contributions to how HIV-1 and related immunodeficiency viruses infect cells via the CD4 receptor, and the role of neutralising antibodies in inhibiting HIV-1 infection. These and...
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a positive strand RNA virus that infects hepatocytes and reprograms cellular gene expression, contributing to chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. HCV replicates slowly and induces limited changes in the cell...
Background and Objectives: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) causes haemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and nephropathy (BKPyVAN) after kidney transplantation, with no antiviral of established efficacy. We eval...
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRVLs), including ovine maedi-visna virus and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus, are considered genetically a single pathogen that causes a progressive multisystemic inflammatory disease. Continuous interspecies transm...
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) incurs substantial economic losses within the global poultry industry. The matrix (M) protein of NDV is integral to viral replication. In this study, we examined the interaction between the NDV M protein and annexin A6 (...
Since the early 2000s, Bluetongue has emerged within the European Union, and a few years later, the adaptation of Palearctic Culicoides species to the transmission of BTV infections marked a major shift in the epidemiology of this disease. Since then...
Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes aegypti and is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It represents a major global public health challenge because of its rapid expansion and increasing incidence...
Emerging and re-emerging RNA viruses frequently present with clinical phenotypes that extend beyond classical organ tropism and include vascular leakage, platelet dysregulation, coagulation imbalance, microvascular injury, and thromboinflammation. SA...
Mammalian orthoreovirus (MRV), a member of the family Spinareoviridae within the order Reovirales, has a ten-segmented double-stranded RNA genome and is known for its environmental stability and broad host range, including humans. Although human MRV...
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) caused by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is a major challenge in industrial infrastructure, yet the limited availability of well-characterized bacteriophages has hindered the development of phage-based st...
Immune responses to recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAVs) impair the therapeutic potential of gene therapies. One trigger for these responses upon systemic administration is the activation of Toll-like receptor 9 by unmethylated cytosine...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and related human coronaviruses (hCoVs) regulate host gene expression to facilitate viral replication and evade innate immunity. SARS-CoV-2 nonstructural protein 1 (Nsp1) suppresses host ge...
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process in which stationary, polarized epithelial cells lose cell-to-cell adhesion and acquire a mesenchymal phenotype with migratory and invasive properties. Migrating EMT cells express both...
Immune imprinting shapes every subsequent response to antigenically related pathogens and is now central to designing updated vaccines for influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The label “Original Antigenic Sin” ha...
Retrotransposons comprise large fractions of many genomes and numerous transposon control mechanisms have evolved to combat retrotransposon expansion. The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains several active retrotransposon families but mai...
KRAB-zinc finger proteins (KZFPs) constitute one of the largest and most rapidly evolving families of transcription factors in vertebrates, with particularly extensive expansion and diversification in mammals. While several KZFPs are conserved across...
Catfish aquaculture is the largest domestic sector of the U.S. aquaculture industry. Intensive aquaculture production systems are vulnerable to infectious disease outbreaks, resulting in significant economic losses. Catfish herpesviruses cause substa...
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease, which is pathologically characterized by articular cartilage degradation, chronic synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling, and osteophyte formation. Patients with OA suffer from join...
Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) production in Taiwan is increasingly threatened by insect-transmitted viral diseases and complex mixed infections. In this study, symptomatic cucumber plants from a commercial net-house production system in Xizhou Townsh...
The IFNAR2 gene encodes an essential component of the type I interferon receptor, which is essential for antiviral defense. It has been proven that the severity of COVID-19 may be influenced by the genetic variants in IFNAR2; however, the results are...
Bats are recognized as important reservoirs of zoonotic viruses; however, the ecological determinants shaping virus–host associations in regions of high biodiversity remain poorly understood. In this study, we conducted a scoping review and a t...
A panel of monoclonal nanobodies (VHH) specific to poliovirus Sabin strains types 2 and 3 has been generated and characterized. For poliovirus Sabin type 2, a panel of four serotype-specific single-domain antibodies was obtained. Notably, two of thes...
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of severe respiratory infections in infants and young children globally. The severity of RSV-associated diseases is often ascribed to a dysregulated immune response, characterized by increased secr...
Antimicrobial resistance has renewed interest in silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), but limited pathogen selectivity complicates their therapeutic use. Bacteriophage receptor-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize bacterial surface receptors and offer candidat...
Plant viral diseases remain an important constraint to agricultural production in many parts of the world. In recent decades, emerging and re-emerging viral pathogens have gained prominence, with increasing reports across a wide range of cropping sys...
Although foodborne viruses are considered ubiquitous in the environment, studies on their presence in soil are largely lacking. In this field study, 168 agricultural soil samples were collected from farms in Georgia and Ohio over seven and eight mont...
Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are central to COVID-19 tissue evaluation. However, conventional manual scoring is limited by its semiquantitative nature and potential observer variability. In this retrospective study of experimentally...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of RNA molecules whose transcripts exceed 200 nucleotides in length and typically lack protein-coding capacity, were once widely regarded as “transcriptional noise.” However, recent studies have sho...
