Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) plays a critical role in regulating uterine endometrial function and supporting embryonic development during early pregnancy in ruminants. However, its precise roles in shaping the uterine microenvironment remain unclear. Here...
(1) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinological disorders worldwide; its complex etiopathology remains poorly understood. PCOS is associated with a broad spectrum of abnormalities, including irregular menses, androgen...
Maternal uterine artery blood flow is critical to maintaining the intrauterine environment, permitting normal placental function, and supporting fetal growth. It has long been believed that inadequate transformation of the maternal uterine vasculatur...
Thyroid hormones control the functions of almost all body systems. Reproductive dysfunctions, such as abnormal sexual development, infertility, or irregularities in the reproductive cycle, might be associated with thyroid disorders. Uterine receptivi...
After breeding or artificial insemination, especially with frozen/thawed semen, mares often develop a persistent uterine inflammation, which is diagnosed by intra-uterine fluid accumulation. Here, we explored whether intra-uterine fluid accumulation...
Background and aim: Alpha-tocopherol has been implicated in reproduction processes, and deficiency of phylloquinone has been associated with serious complications in pregnancy. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the effects of phylloquin...
Background/Objectives: According to the World Health Organization, approximately one in six couples experience infertility during their lifetime, accounting for about 15–17% of the reproductive-aged population worldwide. Absolute uterine factor...
Background/Objectives: Uterine fibroids may contribute to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) through pelvic mass effects, but urinary and sexual outcomes after ultrasound-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (USgHIFU) and their anatomical correl...
Algae-derived bioactives have emerged as promising nutraceuticals due to their ability to modulate key molecular pathways under physiological stress. Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina), a cyanobacterium widely recognized for its antioxidant and anti-i...
Chickens are sensitive to heat stress because their capacity to dissipate body heat is low. Hence, in chickens, excessive ambient temperature negatively influences their reproductive performance and health. Heat stress induces inflammation and oxidat...
The expression of members of the progesterone receptor membrane component (PGRMC) family, particularly PGRMC1, is elevated in diverse types of cancers, particularly those of the female reproductive system. While xenograft tumor studies using human tr...
This study systematically explored the regulatory mechanisms of uterine function across four reproductive stages: sexual maturity sow (SMS), low-yield sow (LYS), high-yield sow (HYS), and culled sow (CS) in Large White (LW) pigs through integrated tr...
Leptin (LEP) is an adipocyte-derived cytokine that integrates nutritional status, metabolism, and reproduction in cattle, with particular relevance for modern high-producing dairy cows. In ruminants, LEP and its receptors are widely expressed in meta...
Uterine (endometrial) receptivity is the ability of the endometrium to successfully attach to the embryo, to promote its implantation, to nourish it and keep it alive [...]
Sarcomere and cytoskeleton genes, or actomyosin genes, regulate cell biology including mechanical stress, cell motility, and cell division. While actomyosin genes are recurrently dysregulated in cancers, their oncogenic roles have not been examined i...
Many experimental and clinical studies published so far demonstrate that melatonin—produced mainly by the pineal gland located deep in the middle of the brain, between the two cerebral hemispheres, and in smaller quantities in a number of other...
Background: Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and are associated with abnormal uterine bleeding, infertility, and impaired implantation and endometrial receptivity. However, the contribution of the...
The FH gene encodes the fumarate hydratase of the Krebs cycle and functions as a homotetramer to catalyze the hydration of fumarate to malate. Mutations in FH result in uterine leiomyomas, a rare autosomal dominant inherited metabolic disease. Howeve...
This study examined whether rumen-protected niacin (RPN) supplementation is associated with uterine hemodynamics and the postpartum uterine environment in Japanese Black cattle. Experiment 1 used a crossover design to evaluate acute uterine vascular...
Background/Objectives: Uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA-PI) is a key biomarker of placental function, but its clinical interpretation in assisted reproductive technology (ART) pregnancies is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to assess trimeste...
Postpartum dairy cows experience impaired peripheral polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functionality, which has been associated with reproductive tract inflammatory diseases. However, it has not been elucidated yet whether endometrial PMN functionali...
Background and Objectives: Pregnancies resulting from assisted reproductive technology (ART) have been associated with placenta-related adverse outcomes. Uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (UtA-PI) reflects placental function. This study aimed...
Background: Uterine leiomyomas, commonly known as fibroids, are the most prevalent benign tumors in women of reproductive age and a major contributor to gynecological morbidity. Although surgery and hormonal therapies are standard treatments, their a...
Pericytes are versatile cells integral to the blood vessel walls of the microcirculation, where they exhibit specific stem cell traits. They are essential in modulating blood flow, ensuring vascular permeability, and maintaining homeostasis and are i...
(1) Background: Inflammatory responses are implicated in embryo implantation, decidualization, pregnancy maintenance and labor. Both embryo implantation and decidualization are essential to successful pregnancy in rodents and primates. S100A6 is invo...
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs and play significant roles in porcine embryo development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the uterine fluid (UF) can target and deliver maternal endometrial signalling molecules to embry...
The uterine electromyogram, also called electrohysterogram (EHG), is the electrical signal generated by uterine contractile activity. The EHG has been considered an expanding technique for pregnancy monitoring and preterm risk evaluation. Data were c...
Menopause is associated with significant hormonal and reproductive changes in women. Evidence documents interindividual differences in the signs and symptoms associated with menopause, including cognitive decline. Hypothesized reasons for the cogniti...
Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure during pregnancy induces hypertension with decreased vasodilatory angiotensin type-2 receptor (AT2R) expression and impaired vascular reactivity and fetal weights. We hypothesized that AT2R activation res...
Maternal infection with Zika virus (ZIKV) is associated with a distinct pattern of birth defects, known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). In ZIKV-exposed children without CZS, it is often unclear whether they were protected from in utero infection a...
Long COVID affects multiple organ systems and disproportionately affects women, raising concerns about reproductive health. This updated narrative review summarizes evidence from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through March 2026 and extends previ...
Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid, a type of polyphenol found in fruits and vegetables such as strawberries, apples, persimmons, and onions. It has gained increasing attention for its antioxidant properties (enhancement of SOD1 and CAT activ...
Background/Objectives: Ulipristal acetate (UPA) is a selective progesterone receptor modulator approved for the treatment of uterine fibroids, but concerns have arisen regarding its potential for severe hepatotoxicity, particularly following regulato...
Uterine leiomyoma (UL) is the most common benign tumor causing considerable morbidity during the reproductive years in women with contributions from environmental and genetic factors. According to the GWAS studies, there are many genes and polymorphi...
Uterine aging is the process of the senescence of uterine tissue, observed in all middle-aged mammals. Since the aging-related changes in the uterus are associated with infertility and poor pregnancy outcomes, with a lack of studies discussing uterin...
Common uterine diseases include endometriosis, uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial cancer, and endometrial dysfunction causing infertility. Patients with uterine diseases often suffer from abdominal pain, menorr...
Uterine physiology encompasses the intricate processes governing the structure, function, and regulation of the uterus, a pivotal organ within the female reproductive system. The escalating prevalence of obesity has emerged as a significant global he...
Background: Women with an aplastic uterus (ESHRE/ESGE classification) or Müllerian agenesis (ASRM MAC 2021) might present with functional uterine remnants. Our study aimed to report the clinical course of symptomatic uterine rudiments in adolesc...
Uterine factor infertility (UFI) is defined as a condition resulting from either a complete lack of a uterus or a non-functioning uterus due to many causes. The exact prevalence of UFI is currently unknown, while treatments to achieve pregnancy are v...
The development of the endometrium is a cyclic event tightly regulated by hormones and growth factors to coordinate the menstrual cycle while promoting a suitable microenvironment for embryo implantation during the “receptivity window”. M...
9 December 2022
Gynecological cancers, including endometrial adenocarcinoma, significantly contribute to cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. The immune system plays a significant role in endometrial cancer pathogenesis. NK cells, a component of innate immunity...
Uterine sarcomas are rare gynecological tumors arising from the myometrium or the connective tissue of the endometrium with a relatively poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent small, single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that can function a...
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for animals and plays an important role in maintaining various physiological functions. In recent years, more and more studies have focused on the relationship between selenium and mammalian uterus health....
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising non-invasive imaging technique that can be safely used to study placental development and function. However, studies of the human placenta performed by MRI are limited by uterine motion and motion in th...
Deregulation in uterine contractility can cause common pathological disorders of the female reproductive system, including preterm labor, infertility, inappropriate implantation, and irregular menstrual cycle. A better understanding of human myometri...
Uterine cervical and endometrial cancers are the two most common gynecological malignancies. As demonstrated in other types of solid malignancies, an increased number of circulating or tumor-infiltrating myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have...
Oxygen balance is crucial for angiogenesis, immunity, and tissue repair. The human oviduct is essential for reproductive function, and any imbalance in homeostasis leads to fertility disturbances and might be a reason for ectopic pregnancy developmen...
Uterine fibroids (UFs) are the most common benign tumors of female genital diseases, unlike uterine leiomyosarcoma (LMS), a rare and aggressive uterine cancer. This narrative review aims to discuss the biology and diagnosis of LMS and, at the same ti...
In eutherian mammals, embryo implantation is a critical process for a successful pregnancy. In mice, the activation of the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor–STAT3 signaling axis induces embryo adhesion and decidualization. The LIF recep...
Bovine endometritis remains one of the most significant postpartum uterine disorders. It impairs uterine recovery, compromises fertility, and causes substantial economic losses in dairy production. Growing evidence suggests that the disease cannot be...
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