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3,480 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,302 Views
17 Pages

30 November 2024

In the field of complex network analysis, accurately identifying key nodes is crucial for understanding and controlling information propagation. Although several local centrality methods have been proposed, their accuracy may be compromised if intera...

(This article belongs to the Section Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
432 Views
16 Pages

25 September 2026

The solar cycle (SC) is an important timescale for describing the long-term evolution of solar activity, and understanding its evolutionary patterns is of great significance for space weather research and related applications. However, due to the com...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solar Activity During Cycle 25)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,151 Views
25 Pages

A Key Node Mining Method Based on K-Shell and Neighborhood Information

  • Na Zhao,
  • Qingchun Feng,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Ming Jing and ,
  • Zhiyu Lin and
  • Jian Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

10 July 2024

Mining key nodes in complex networks has always been a promising research direction in the field of complex networks. Many precise methods proposed by researchers for mining influential special nodes in networks have been widely applied in a plethora...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,618 Views
22 Pages

28 August 2025

How to identify the key nodes in a complex network is a major challenge. In this paper, we propose a Second-Order Neighborhood Entropy Fuzzy Local Dimension Spring Model (SNEFLD-SM). SNEFLD-SM model combines a variety of centrality methods based on s...

(This article belongs to the Section Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
43 Citations
6,888 Views
23 Pages

30 December 2019

Numerous problems in many fields can be solved effectively through the approach of modeling by complex network analysis. Finding key nodes is one of the most important and challenging problems in network analysis. In previous studies, methods have be...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,066 Views
14 Pages

In this paper, we propose an improved K_shell algorithm for identifying the key nodes of a power grid. This method is improved on the basis of the original Ks value calculation with the degree as the index. The electrical characteristics in the power...

(This article belongs to the Section Power Electronics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
318 Views
32 Pages

16 September 2026

Due to the widespread deployment of large-scale satellite constellations, Spatial Information Networks (SINs) exhibit increasingly high-order node and service coupling characteristics, rendering them vulnerable to node removal and cascading failures....

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Global Connectivity: Efficient Transmission and Intelligent Sensing in Satellite Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
360 Views
31 Pages

4 August 2026

This study proposes an enhanced key-node-driven framework for traffic flow prediction in large-scale transportation networks. Building upon the classical K-shell decomposition, the proposed method integrates traffic-flow-based weighting to jointly ca...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI-Driven Spatiotemporal Computing in Complex Traffic Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,537 Views
20 Pages

FDI and Wellbeing: A Key Node Analysis for Psychological Health in Response to COVID-19 Using Artificial Intelligence

  • Da Huo,
  • Jingtao Yi,
  • Xiaotao Zhang,
  • Shuang Meng and ,
  • Yongchuan Chen,
  • Rihui Ouyang and
  • Ken Hung
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Developing countries are primary destinations for FDI from emerging economies following the World Investment Report 2022, including destinations in OECD countries. Based on three theoretical lenses and case analyses, we argue that Chinese outward FDI...

  • Article
  • Open Access
579 Views
26 Pages

27 April 2026

Automatic Identification System (AIS) trajectories provide valuable spatiotemporal information for maritime route structure mining, but robust extraction of key route nodes remains difficult because raw data are noisy, turning behaviors are easily ma...

(This article belongs to the Section Marine Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,402 Views
42 Pages

Aviation networks exhibit multi-layer characteristics and heterogeneity of nodes and edges. Identifying key nodes in a multi-layer heterogeneous aviation network (MHAN) and elucidating its cascading failure process are of great practical significance...

(This article belongs to the Section Air Traffic and Transportation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
3,341 Views
18 Pages

The construction supply chain confronts interruption risks that raise significant concerns regarding industry safety and stability. Consequently, exploring risk management strategies from both enterprise and supply chain network perspectives is cruci...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Safety Control and Risk Management in Construction Engineering: Progress, Challenges and Strategies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,784 Views
21 Pages

26 August 2019

Defining the degree of risk of maritime transport nodes is an important basis for studying the security status of maritime transport passages. However, some important straits or canals are key nodes in the maritime transport passage, and their system...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Maritime Transportation Management and Policies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,251 Views
19 Pages

24 October 2025

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks promise information-theoretic security for multiple nodes by leveraging the fundamental laws of quantum mechanics. In practice, QKD networks require dedicated routing protocols to coordinate secure key distribu...

(This article belongs to the Section Quantum Information)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,754 Views
17 Pages

2 November 2021

Inter-domain routing systems is an important complex network in the Internet. Research on the vulnerability of inter-domain routing network nodes is of great support to the stable operation of the Internet. For the problem of node vulnerability, we p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis and Applications of Complex Social Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
35 Citations
5,438 Views
26 Pages

A Novel Method to Identify Key Nodes in Complex Networks Based on Degree and Neighborhood Information

  • Na Zhao,
  • Shuangping Yang,
  • Hao Wang,
  • Xinyuan Zhou and ,
  • Ting Luo and
  • Jian Wang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

7 January 2024

One key challenge within the domain of network science is accurately finding important nodes within a network. In recent years, researchers have proposed various node centrality indicators from different perspectives. However, many existing methods h...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence in Complex Networks (2nd Edition))
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,369 Views
27 Pages

Accurate video launching and propagation is significant for promotion and distribution of videos. In this paper, we propose a novel video propagation strategy that fuses user interests and social influences based on the assistance of key nodes in soc...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Edge Intelligence Collaborative Technology over Wireless Communications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,288 Views
32 Pages

Multi-Scale Higher-Order Dependencies (MSHOD): Higher-Order Interactions Mining and Key Nodes Identification for Global Liner Shipping Network

  • Yude Fu,
  • Xiang Li,
  • Jichao Li,
  • Mengjun Yu and ,
  • Xiongyi Lu,
  • Qizi Huangpeng and
  • Xiaojun Duan
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

Liner shipping accounts for over 80% of the global transportation volume, making substantial contributions to world trade and economic development. To advance global economic integration further, it is essential to link the flows of global liner ship...

(This article belongs to the Topic Global Maritime Logistics in the Era of Industry 4.0)
  • Article
  • Open Access
249 Views
28 Pages

A Key Node Ranking Method in Complex Networks by Integrating Semi-Local and Global Influence

  • Xiaohu Chen,
  • Xiaoyang Liu,
  • Jiaojiao Jiang,
  • Chao Liu and
  • Xin Wang

30 September 2026

The existing key node identification methods in complex networks rely on local topological information or global structural features, which are difficult to fully integrate multi-order local structural information and global propagation characteristi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,189 Views
20 Pages

30 March 2025

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era, yet most existing protocols are designed for point-to-point transmission, limiting their scalability in networked environments. In this work, we introduce Loo...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,071 Views
17 Pages

14 March 2019

The point-to-point quantum key distribution (QKD) system is limited by the transmission distance. So, the wide area QKD network with multiple endpoints is the research focus of this study. The relay-node scenario and key relay protocols provide the s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Quantum) Physical Informatics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,802 Views
17 Pages

RNA: A Reject Neighbors Algorithm for Influence Maximization in Complex Networks

  • Dongqi Wang,
  • Jiarui Yan,
  • Dongming Chen,
  • Bo Fang and
  • Xinyu Huang

7 August 2020

The influence maximization problem (IMP) in complex networks is to address finding a set of key nodes that play vital roles in the information diffusion process, and when these nodes are employed as ”seed nodes”, the diffusion effect is m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Mathematics and Neural Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
585 Views
29 Pages

1 October 2026

Drone swarms operate collaboratively and serve critical missions, which require a common session encryption key to secure exchanged data. This key must be updated when new drones join—or existing ones depart—the swarm. Classical key manag...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue IoT Networks Security)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
3,028 Views
20 Pages

Vision-Based Automatic Collection of Nodes of In/Off Block and Docking/Undocking in Aircraft Turnaround

  • Juan Xu,
  • Meng Ding,
  • Zhen-Zhen Zhang,
  • Yu-Bin Xu and ,
  • Xu-Hui Wang and
  • Fan Zhao
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

3 July 2023

The automatic collection of key milestone nodes in the process of aircraft turnaround plays an important role in the development needs of airport collaborative decision-making. This article exploits a computer vision-based framework to automatically...

(This article belongs to the Section Aerospace Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
38 Citations
6,127 Views
20 Pages

24 March 2017

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) consist of lightweight devices to measure sensitive data that are highly vulnerable to security attacks due to their constrained resources. In a similar manner, the internet-based lightweight devices used in the Intern...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Identification, Information & Knowledge in the Internet of Things)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,634 Views
20 Pages

Electricity-Related Water Network Analysis in China Based on Multi-Regional Input–Output Analysis and Complex Network Analysis

  • Yiyi Zhang,
  • Huanzhi Fu,
  • Xinghua He,
  • Zhen Shi and ,
  • Tao Hai,
  • Peng Liu,
  • Shan Xi and
  • Kai Zhang
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

17 March 2023

The transfer of electricity-related water across regions and sectors provides an opportunity to alleviate water stress and make the development of the power system sustainable. Yet, the key node identification and properties of the electricity-relate...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Water Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
3,739 Views
18 Pages

20 September 2019

The conflict resolution problem in cooperative unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) clusters sharing a three-dimensional airspace with increasing air traffic density is very important. This paper innovatively solves this problem by employing the complex net...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
12,147 Views
20 Pages

Untraceable Mobile Node Authentication in WSN

  • Kyusuk Han,
  • Kwangjo Kim and
  • Taeshik Shon

30 April 2010

Mobility of sensor node in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) brings security issues such as re-authentication and tracing the node movement. However, current security researches on WSN are insufficient to support such environments since their designs on...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Network and Its Application in Advanced Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
6,044 Views
25 Pages

21 October 2018

Modern wireless sensor networks have adopted the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. This standard defines the first two layers, the physical and medium access control layers; determines the radio wave used for communication; and defines the 128-bit advanced enc...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,326 Views
21 Pages

This study investigated the characteristics and functionalities of China’s High-Speed Railway (HSR) network based on Complex Network Theory (CNT) and Graph Convolutional Networks (GCN). First, complex network analysis was applied to provide ins...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
4,537 Views
27 Pages

3 November 2022

Prefabricated buildings are gradually gaining popularity in China because of their lower costs, shorter construction periods, and environmental friendliness. However, compared with traditional buildings, prefabricated buildings require coordination a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Sustainable Future of Architecture, Engineering and Construction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,631 Views
25 Pages

Intragroup and Intergroup Pairwise Key Predistribution for Wireless Sensor Networks

  • Ching-Nung Yang,
  • Ting-Song Gu,
  • Jhou-Cian You and
  • Chang-Ji Wang

26 December 2024

The major task of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is data collection. Key predistribution (KP) is to establish pairwise keys for secure communication in a WSN, such that all collected data could be securely sent to a backend database. Most research o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security, Privacy and Trust in Wireless Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
2,872 Views
24 Pages

14 September 2022

With the rapid development of communication technology, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in the military, rescue, agricultural and other fields. The security and privacy issues are one of the biggest challenges for UAV communicat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,290 Views
15 Pages

28 June 2024

In the case of cascade failure, due to the close connection of the automobile supply chain network, the chain reaction caused by it should not be ignored; therefore, to find out the important nodes in the automobile supply chain network, to reduce th...

  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
8,927 Views
24 Pages

11 February 2014

Robust security is highly coveted in real wireless sensor network (WSN) applications since wireless sensors’ sense critical data from the application environment. This article presents an efficient and adaptive mutual authentication framework that s...

(This article belongs to the Section Sensor Networks)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,925 Views
28 Pages

8 October 2025

Hyperedge prediction is crucial for uncovering higher-order relationships in complex systems but faces core challenges, including unmodeled node influence heterogeneity, overlooked hyperedge order effects, and data sparsity. This paper proposes Order...

(This article belongs to the Section Complexity)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
727 Views
30 Pages

Topology-Oblivious Random-Walk Key Relaying in Quantum Key Distribution Networks

  • Krišjānis Petručeņa,
  • Sergejs Kozlovičs,
  • Juris Vīksna,
  • Elīna Kalniņa and ,
  • Reinis Isaks,
  • Edgars Celms,
  • Lelde Lāce and
  • Edgars Rencis
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

16 June 2026

Quantum key distribution (QKD) networks require relaying when distant key management entities share no direct quantum link. Most relay strategies, however, rely on centralized control or globally maintained routing state. This paper asks whether usef...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Classical and Quantum Networks: Theory, Modeling and Optimization, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
4,022 Views
15 Pages

11 March 2020

The secure transmission of data within a network has received great attention. As the core of the security management mechanism, the key management scheme design needs further research. In view of the safety and energy consumption problems in recent...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Security and Privacy in Wireless Sensor Network)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,225 Views
24 Pages

A Lightweight Batch Authenticated Key Agreement Scheme Based on Fog Computing for VANETs

  • Lihui Li,
  • Huacheng Zhang,
  • Song Li,
  • Jianming Liu and
  • Chi Chen

18 August 2025

In recent years, fog-based vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become a hot research topic. Due to the inherent insecurity of open wireless channels between vehicles and fog nodes, establishing session keys through authenticated key agreement (AK...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications Based on Symmetry in Applied Cryptography)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,335 Views
21 Pages

Coupled Model and Node Importance Evaluation of Electric Power Cyber-Physical Systems Considering Carbon Power Flow

  • Chao Yang,
  • Heyang Sun,
  • Tong Li,
  • Hengji Xie and ,
  • Zhenjiang Lei,
  • Jinliang Song,
  • He Cai,
  • Jiaxuan Yang,
  • Gangjun Gong and
  • Shuai Ren
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

3 November 2022

To improve the distributed carbon emission optimization control capability of the smart distribution network system, thereby reducing the carbon emissions in the distribution process, it is a very important issue to comprehensively analyze the import...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,120 Views
17 Pages

8 June 2025

The integration of high proportions of renewable energy into power systems to replace traditional synchronous generators has led to continuous weakening of the system inertia support and primary frequency regulation resources. Spatiotemporal dispersi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Big Data Analysis and Application in Power System)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
3,148 Views
14 Pages

Towards a Provably Secure Authentication Protocol for Fog-Driven IoT-Based Systems

  • Minahil Rana,
  • Khalid Mahmood,
  • Muhammad Asad Saleem,
  • Fadi Al-Turjman and ,
  • Manjur Sayyadbadasha Kolhar and
  • Chadi Altrjman
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

20 January 2023

The emergence of fog-based Internet of Things (IoT) systems have played a significant role in enhancing the applicability of the IoT paradigm. In such systems, fog-nodes are proficient enough to retain, process and transmit the data coming from IoT d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Blockchain Internet of Things (BIoT): Security, Applications, and Challenges)
  • Article
  • Open Access
16 Citations
4,329 Views
18 Pages

29 September 2019

Windage yaw flashovers under strong wind and rain conditions leave a negative impact on the safe operation of transmission lines. However, the mechanism behind this is not well known yet. Therefore, this paper proposes a systematic method, including...

  • Article
  • Open Access
368 Views
36 Pages

20 September 2026

Addressing the demand for highly reliable communication in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarms operating in extreme environments, this paper proposes a slime mold-inspired resilient topology construction algorithm for UVC/RF heterogeneous UAV networ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Wireless Communications (OWC) for Internet-of-Things (IoT))
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,985 Views
19 Pages

28 November 2024

In recent years, public health emergencies have become frequent worldwide. In response to these complex and evolving emergencies, the organizations involved are increasingly collaborating with each other. From a systems thinking perspective, greater...

(This article belongs to the Section Systems Theory and Methodology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,026 Views
25 Pages

Vessel Type Recognition Using a Multi-Graph Fusion Method Integrating Vessel Trajectory Sequence and Dependency Relations

  • Lin Ye,
  • Xiaohui Chen,
  • Haiyan Liu,
  • Ran Zhang and ,
  • Bing Zhang,
  • Yunpeng Zhao and
  • Dewei Zhou
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

17 December 2024

In the field of research into vessel type recognition utilizing trajectory data, researchers have primarily concentrated on developing models based on trajectory sequences to extract the relevant information. However, this approach often overlooks th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Artificial Intelligence and Its Applications in Intelligent Ship Navigation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
733 Views
12 Pages

31 March 2026

Deep learning has become an important tool for wind power forecasting because it can help improve wind energy utilization and support reliable grid-connected operation. For wind farms, accurate turbine-level forecasting depends on spatial interaction...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,546 Views
26 Pages

Our study aims to address the methodological challenges frequently encountered in RNA-Seq data analysis within cancer studies. Specifically, it enhances the identification of key genes involved in axillary lymph node metastasis (ALNM) in breast cance...

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,382 Views
14 Pages

Lymph Node Staging in Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma: The Key to the Big Picture

  • Nina A. Rogacka,
  • Tamas Benkö,
  • Fuat H. Saner,
  • Eugen Malamutmann and ,
  • Moritz Kaths,
  • Juergen W. Treckmann and
  • Dieter Paul Hoyer
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

17 June 2023

Klatskin tumors have a bad prognosis despite aggressive therapy. The role and extent of lymph node dissection during surgery is a matter of discussion. This retrospective study analyzes our current experience of surgical treatments in the last decade...

(This article belongs to the Section Gastrointestinal Oncology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,119 Views
24 Pages

The A* algorithm is widely used in path planning for Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs), but the path it generates is prone to collision with random obstacles. To address this issue, this paper proposes a hybrid path planning algorithm integrating the...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Electronics)

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