49 Results Found

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease in childhood and strongly associated with obesity. Routine biochemical non-invasive tests remain with low accuracy for diagnosis of NAFLD. We performed a cross-sectio...

Biochemical reaction systems in a cell exhibit stochastic behaviour, owing to the unpredictable nature of the molecular interactions. The fluctuations at the molecular level may lead to a different behaviour than that predicted by the deterministic m...

Hypoxia is damaging to the fetus, but the developmental impact may vary, with underlying molecular mechanisms unclear. We demonstrate the dependence of physiological and biochemical effects of acute prenatal hypoxia (APH) on sex and gestational age....

Approaches to the identification of metabolites have progressed from early biochemical pathway evaluation to modern high-dimensional metabolomics, a powerful tool to identify and characterize biomarkers of health and disease. In addition to its relev...

Hamiltonian mechanics plays an important role in the development of nonlinear science. This paper aims for a fractional Hamiltonian system of variable order. Several issues are discussed, including differential equation of motion, Noether symmetry, a...

The global burden of arboviral diseases and the limited success in controlling them calls for innovative methods to understand arbovirus infections. Metabolomics has been applied to detect alterations in host physiology during infection. This approac...

The concept of a portable, inexpensive and semi-automated biosensing platform, or lab-on-a-chip, is a vision shared by many researchers and venture industries. Under this scope, we have investigated the application of optical emission from quantum w...

Thermodynamics studies the transformations of energy occurring in open systems. Living systems, with particular reference to cells, are complex systems in which energy transformations occur. Thermo-electro-chemical processes and transports occur acro...

The continuous global increase in population and consumption of resources due to human activities has had a significant impact on the environment. Therefore, assessment of environmental exposure to toxic chemicals as well as their impact on biologica...

Cadmium is a heavy metal that increasingly contaminates food and drink products. Once ingested, cadmium exerts toxic effects that pose a significant threat to human health. The nervous system is particularly vulnerable to prolonged, low-dose cadmium...

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and Love wave (LW) surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been established as reliable biosensing technologies for label-free, real-time monitoring of biomolecular interactions. This work reports the development of a...

For over a century, a complex relationship between schizophrenia diagnosis and development of many cancers has been observed. Findings from epidemiological studies are mixed, with reports of increased, reduced, or no difference in cancer incidence in...

Temperature stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect agricultural productivity worldwide. Temperatures beyond a plant’s physiological optimum can trigger significant physiological and biochemical perturbations, reducing plant...

CSBV is a major pathogen threatening the health of A. cerana, but the mechanisms underlying natural resistance in its larval host remain poorly understood. To elucidate this, we established resistant (R) and susceptible (S) larval phenotypes through...

Mechanotransduction plays an essential role in the fate determination of alveolar cells within the pulmonary system by translating mechanical forces into intricate biochemical signals. This process exclusively governs differentiation, phenotypic stab...

In this paper, enhanced rotational circulation in a circular microfluidic chamber driven by dual focused surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) beams is presented. To characterize the resonant frequency and focusing effect, we simulate the focused SAW field exc...

Bisphenol-A is an emerging pollutant that is widespread in the environment, and to which live beings are continuously and inadvertently exposed. It is a substance with an endocrine-disrupting capacity, causing alterations in the reproductive, immunol...

Trypanosoma brucei is a species of kinetoplastid causing sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cows and horses. One of the peculiarities of this species of parasites is represented by their redox metabolism. One of the proteins involved in this r...

Apicomplexan infections, such as giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis, negatively impact a considerable proportion of human and commercial livestock populations. Despite this, the molecular mechanisms of disease, particularly the effect on the body beyon...

The current study was performed to investigate the effects of three different long-term land use intensities on adjacent soil plots, namely a winter wheat field, a grass-covered vineyard, and a cherry farm, on soil biochemical, microbial, and molecul...

In higher plants, cellulose is synthesized by membrane-spanning large protein complexes named cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). In this study, the Arabidopsis PASTICCINO2 (PAS2) was identified as an interacting partner of cellulose synthases. PAS2...

People living with hypertension have a higher risk of developing heart diseases, and hypertension remains a top cause of mortality. In hypertension, some detrimental changes occur in the arterial wall, which include physiological and biochemical chan...

The mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract forms a specialised interface where mucins, microbes, and extracellular vesicles create a dynamic, self-regulating ecosystem. Here, we introduce the concept of the muco-microbiotic layer as an integ...

Drought stress is a major abiotic factor limiting global crop productivity by disrupting cellular homeostasis, impairing photosynthesis, and restricting metabolic activity. Plant-associated microorganisms, including rhizobacteria, endophytes, and arb...

Metabolic networks are regulated to ensure the dynamic adaptation of biochemical reaction fluxes to maintain cell homeostasis and optimal metabolic fitness in response to endogenous and exogenous perturbations. To this end, metabolism is tightly cont...

Large-scale -omics data are now ubiquitously utilized to capture and interpret global responses to perturbations in biological systems, such as the impact of disease states on cells, tissues, and whole organs. Metabolomics data, in particular, are di...

Nanoplastics (NPs), emerging contaminants originating from the degradation of larger plastics, have raised significant environmental and health concerns due to their ability to penetrate biological barriers and disturb cellular homeostasis. Exposure...

Membrane transporters and ion channels that play an indispensable role in metabolite trafficking have evolved to operate in Earth’s gravity. Dysregulation of the transportome expression profile at normogravity not only affects homeostasis along...

Cell wall antibiotics are important tools in our fight against Gram-positive pathogens, but many strains become increasingly resistant against existing drugs. Laspartomycin C is a novel antibiotic that targets undecaprenyl phosphate (UP), a key inter...

Moxifloxacin (MOX), a widely used novel antibiotic, may pose ecological risks at its actual environmental concentrations, as has been detected in aquatic systems. However, its ecotoxicity to aquatic organisms and regulatory mechanisms of phosphorus i...

Some say that all diseases begin in the gut. Interestingly, this concept is actually quite old, since it is attributed to the Ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, who proposed the hypothesis nearly 2500 years ago. The continuous breakthroughs in mode...

Background and Objectives: The development of severe COVID-19 is related to the preexistence of comorbidities and an inadequate nutritional status. The latter is a critical factor for the development of infection and the progression of the disease. N...

Chronic pain is a pervasive and debilitating condition that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Unlike acute pain, which serves a protective physiological role, chronic pain persists beyond routine tissue healing and often arises without a dis...

Some chemotherapeutic agents have been shown to lead to the severe wasting syndrome known as cachexia resulting in dramatic losses of both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Previous studies have shown that chemotherapy-induced cachexia is character...

Skin aging is one of the most evident signs of human aging. Modification of the skin during the life span is characterized by fine lines and wrinkling, loss of elasticity and volume, laxity, rough-textured appearance, and pallor. In contrast, photoag...

Fluorescence probes are indispensable tools in biochemical and biophysical membrane studies. Most of them possess extrinsic fluorophores, which often constitute a source of uncertainty and potential perturbation to the host system. In this regard, th...

The capture of individual cells using microfluidic chips represents a widely adopted and efficient approach for investigating the biochemical microenvironment of singular cells. While conventional methods reliant on boundary effects pose challenges i...

An optimization study is presented to enhance optical dielectrophoretic (ODEP) performance for effective manipulation of an oil-immersed droplet in the floating electrode optoelectronic tweezers (FEOET) device. This study focuses on understanding how...

Background/objectives: Metabolomics has emerged as a powerful systems-biology tool for deciphering dynamic metabolic alterations occurring during infectious diseases and following vaccination. While genomics and proteomics provide extensive molecular...

At the time of birth, humans experience an induced pro-inflammatory beneficial event. The mediators of this encouraged activity, is a fleet of bacteria that assault all mucosal surfaces as well as the skin. Thus initiating effects that eventually pro...

Increasing evidence shows that cadmium (Cd) toxicity causes severe perturbations on growth performance, physio-biochemical and molecular processes in crop plants. Molybdenum (Mo), an essential trace element, plays key roles in oxidative stress tolera...

Plant growth-promoting bacteria play an essential role in enhancing the physical, chemical and biological characters of soils by facilitating nutrient uptake and water flow, especially under abiotic stress conditions, which are major constrains to ag...

Epiphytic lichens are integral to boreal forest ecosystems, yet their allelopathic interactions with host trees, particularly in cryolithozone regions, remain poorly understood. This study elucidates the physiological and biochemical impacts of the e...

Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFBs) find extensive applications in biochemical experiments, medical diagnostics, and safety-critical domains, with their reliability dependent on efficient online testing technologies. However, traditional random sea...

Medicinal properties of plants are usually identified based on knowledge of traditional medicine or using low-throughput screens for specific pharmacological activities. The former is very biased since it requires prior knowledge of plants’ pro...

Magnesium (Mg) deficiency is a major factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an important fruit tree crop that requires Mg for optimal growth and yield, especially in acid soils. However, the molecular mechan...

Low-temperature stress serves as a critical abiotic stressor that severely restricts fish survival, biogeographic distribution, and aquaculture productivity. Pelteobagrus vachelli, an economically significant freshwater fish species, displays marked...

Cystinosin is a lysosomal transmembrane protein which facilitates transport of the disulphide amino acid cystine (CySS) from the lysosomes of the cell. This protein is encoded by the CTNS gene which is defective in the lysosomal storage disorder, cys...

Background/Objectives: Gut dysbiosis in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) drives low-grade inflammation and shifts tryptophan metabolism toward neurotoxic pathways. The causal link between bacterial translocation, kynurenine pathway dysregulation, and s...