P23-77 is a thermophilic bacteriophage that infects Thermus thermophilus bacteria. The genome of the virus is enclosed in an icosahedral capsid. This capsid is made of the small major capsid protein (VP16), the large major capsid protein (VP17), and...
Despite decades of intensive research and a number of demonstrable successes, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models still fail to yield predictions with reasonable accuracy in some circumstances, especially when the QSAR paradox...
Zebrafish have come into focus to model cerebellar diseases such as spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs), which is caused by an expansion of translated CAG repeats in several unrelated genes. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), gain-of-function in the...
Ethylene biosynthetic enzymes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO), participate in the floral sex differentiation of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia). However, the relationship between their structural featu...
18 July 2024
Background: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disorder with increasing prevalence rates. Currently, only 8 FDA-approved drugs and 44 clinical trials exist for ALS treatment specifying the lacuna in disease-specific tre...
Heterologous biosynthesis has become an effective means to activate fungal silent biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and efficiently utilize fungal genetic resources. Herein, thirteen labdane diterpene derivatives, including five undescribed ones name...
Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in controlling skeletal muscle fiber type. However, little information is available concerning the expression of calcineurin in goat. Therefore, protein phosphatase 3...
Polyamines are involved in various biological functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, gene regulation, etc. Recently, it was found that polyamines exhibit biphasic effects on gene expression: promotion and inhibition at low and high...
SPX genes play important roles in the coordinated utilization of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in plants. However, a genome-wide analysis of the SPX family is still lacking. In this study, the gene structure and phylogenetic relationship of 160 SPX...
The phosphate transporter (PHT) family of proteins plays an imperative role in regulating phosphorus (P) acquisition as well as in translocation from the soil into cells and organs. Phosphorus is an essential macronutrient required for plant life tha...
Knowing the GIS expression of geological phenomena is an important basis for the combination of geology and GIS. Regional geological structures include folds, faults, strata, rocks, and other typical geological phenomena and are the focus of geologic...
Daunomycin (DM), an anthracycline antibiotic, is frequently used to treat various cancers, but the direct effects of DM on gene expression and DNA structure are unclear. We used an in vitro cell-free system, optimized with spermine (SP), to study the...
Due to the high exposition to changing environmental conditions, bacteria have developed many mechanisms enabling immediate adjustments of gene expression. In many cases, the required speed and plasticity of the response are provided by RNA-dependent...
Despite the effectiveness of cisplatin as an anticancer agent, its trans-isomer, transplatin, is clinically ineffective. Although both isomers target nuclear DNA, there is a large difference in the magnitude of their biological effects. Here, we comp...
Light is a critical environmental factor that shapes forest communities. The canopy trees intercept the light, thus understory plants become shaded. Shade leads to the attenuation of light intensity and a shift in the spectrum through the forest vert...
Coronaviruses are able to establish persistence. However, how coronaviruses react to persistence and whether the selected viruses have altered their characteristics remain unclear. In this study, we found that the persistent infection of bovine coron...
Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SUS) and invertase (INV) are all encoded by multigene families. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a comprehensive analysis of structure characteristics of these family genes is still lacking, and th...
Structural analysis of motoneuron somas and their associated proteins via immunohistochemistry (IHC) remains tedious and subjective, requiring costly software or adapted 2D manual methods that lack reproducibility and analytical rigor. Yet, neurodege...
PLIN2 (Perilipin-2) is a protein that can anchor on the membrane of lipid droplets (LDs), playing a vital role in the early formation of LDs and in the regulation of LD metabolism in many types of cells. However, little research has been conducted in...
Exogenous nitrogen and carbon can affect plant cell walls, which are composed of structural carbon. Sucrose synthase (SUS), invertase (INV), hexokinase (HXK), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), and UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGP) are the key enzymes of su...
Rhus potaninii Maxim is an economically and medicinally important tree species in China. It produces galls (induced by aphids) with a high abundance of tannins. Here, we discuss the histology, cellular structures and their distribution, and the macro...
Air exposure is an important environmental stressor during the transportation and cultivation of Procambarus clarkii. We evaluated the effect of re-submersion for 24 h after dry transportation for 24 h on the histological structure, antioxidant activ...
ABCC1 (human multidrug resistance protein 1 (hMRP1)) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter which effluxes xeno- and endobiotic organic anions and confers multidrug resistance through active drug efflux. The 17 transmembrane α-helices of hMRP1 are di...
Invertebrates do not possess adaptive immunity but have evolved a variety of unique repertoires of innate immune sensors. In this study, we explored the immune diversity and specificity of invertebrates based on the lophotrochozoan RLRs, a major comp...
Prokaryotic transcription was extensively studied over the last half-century. A great deal of data has been accumulated regarding the control of gene expression by transcription factors regulating their target genes by binding at specific DNA sites....
Bacteriophage ΦIN93 has an icosahedral-like capsid that is believed to be composed of two putative capsid or coat proteins, namely open reading frame (ORF)13 and ORF14. In addition to the two capsid proteins, there are other proteins that may be...
Background: Single-cell transcriptome analysis has fundamentally changed biological research by allowing higher-resolution computational analysis of individual cells and subsets of cell types. However, few methods have met the need to recognize and q...
Coronavirus non-structural protein 1 (nsp1) is a pathogenic determinant of Betacoronaviruses. Previous studies demonstrated that the nsp1 of various coronaviruses induces host shutoff through a variety of mechanisms; however, there is little informat...
Recombinant proteins are used to characterize parasite enzymes, membrane proteins, antigens, and protein complexes, but some targets are difficult to recover in a soluble and functional form. Expression can be affected by codon usage, intrinsically d...
Flaviviruses are a threat to public health and can cause major disease outbreaks. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is caused by a flavivirus, and it is one of the most important causes of viral encephalitis in Europe and is on the rise in Sweden. As the...
Nitric oxide is a gaseous signalling molecule produced by plants. Slight changes in endogenous NO levels have significant biochemical and physiological consequences. We investigated the structural and functional properties of NO-responsive antiporter...
Ocular malformations (OMs) arise from early defects during embryonic eye development. Despite the identification of over 100 genes linked to this heterogeneous group of disorders, the genetic cause remains unknown for half of the individuals followin...
Construction and demolition waste (CDW), as the main consequence of construction and demolition (C&D) activities, has severely affected our sustainability needs. However, construction and demolition waste management (CDWM) lacks the integration o...
MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that affect plant growth and development. Camellia chekiangoleosa is an oil tree species with ornamental value, but there have been few molecular biological studies on the developmental regulation of t...
With the development of technology, an increasing amount of literature regarding the expression profiles and physiological functions of Prxs has been published. Despite this growing interest, there is currently no systematic review of expression prof...
Although there have been several analyses for identifying cancer-associated pathways, based on gene expression data, most of these are based on single pathway analyses, and thus do not consider correlations between pathways. In this paper, we propose...
The human serine protease serine 2 TMPRSS2 is involved in the priming of proteins of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and represents a possible target for COVID-19 therapy. The TMPRSS2 gene may be co-expressed with SAR...
Background/Objectives: Lens development is an essential component of visual-system development during fish embryogenesis, yet its transcriptional timing remains poorly characterized in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). This study aimed to prov...
Inside the eukaryotic nucleus, various RNAs are associated with chromatin. These include protein-coding pre-mRNA and different types of non-coding RNAs that are referred to as chromatin-associated RNAs (caRNAs). Recent studies have revealed the impor...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an enzyme widely involved in glycolysis in animal cells and in non-metabolic processes, including apoptosis and the regulation of gene expression. GAPDH is a ubiquitous protein that plays a pivotal...
Recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (rNDV) have been used as bivalent vectors for vaccination against multiple economically important avian pathogens. NDV-vectored vaccines expressing the immunogenic H5 hemagglutinin (rNDV-H5) are considered attrac...
Dermatan sulfate (DS) is an animal glycosaminoglycan with significant structural heterogeneity and a high, but variable density of negative electric charge. Owing to these characteristics DS displays a high degree of biological reactivity that is sub...
Carotenoids are important natural pigments that are responsible for the fruit and flower colors of many plants. The composition and content of carotenoid can greatly influence the color phenotype of plants. However, the regulatory mechanism underling...
Classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (cHL) is a B-Cell lymphoma comprised of mononuclear Hodgkin cells (H) and bi- to multi-nucleated Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. Previous studies revealed that H and RS cells express lamin A/C, a component of the lamina...
Neuronal plasticity is a crucial mechanism for an adapting nervous system to change. It is shown to be regulated by perineuronal nets (PNNs), the condensed forms of the extracellular matrix (ECM) around neuronal bodies. By assessing the changes in th...
The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. However, current vaccines cannot provide effective protection against PRRSV, and PRRSV-specific treatments for infected herds are...
Endolysins, phage-derived enzymes capable of lysing bacterial cell walls, hold significant promise as novel antimicrobials against resistant Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. In this study, we undertook an integrative approach combining exte...
Background/Objectives: The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is the area where peripheral nerves communicate with muscle tissue. Muscle injury can occur as part of an acute degenerative process at the NMJ. This study aims to investigate the remodeling of...
α-Amylases are involved in starch breakdown, thereby influencing plant development. Information on the α-amylase genes in soybean is limited. Here, we identified five soybean α-amylase genes from subfamilies AtAMY1 (GmaAMY5), AtAMY2...
Alphaviruses cause significant outbreaks of febrile illness and debilitating multi-joint arthritis for prolonged periods after initial infection. We have previously reported that several host hnRNP proteins bind to the Sindbis virus (SINV) RNAs, and...
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