Nervous System Diseases: From Pathophysiology to Novel Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurobiology and Clinical Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 2712

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 7500 Cambridge Street, Suite 5456, Houston, TX 77054, USA
2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 217 E. Douglas Ave, Room 437, Wichita, KS 67202, USA
Interests: oral microbiome; Parkinson’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease; medical education

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Kansas College of Osteopathic Medicine, 217 E. Douglas Ave, Room 437, Wichita, KS 67202, USA
Interests: oral microbiome; Parkinson’s disease; Alzheimer’s disease; medical education

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nervous system diseases include a wide range of debilitating conditions, such as neurodegenerative disorders (e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s), neuroinflammatory diseases (e.g., multiple sclerosis), and neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., autism and epilepsy). Despite decades of research, effective treatments remain elusive for many of these conditions, largely due to the complexity and multifactorial nature of their pathophysiology.

Recent advances in molecular biology, omics technologies, neuroimaging, and computational modeling are shedding new light on the underlying mechanisms of these diseases and revealing promising therapeutic targets. At the same time, innovative interventions, including gene therapies, stem-cell-based treatments, neuromodulation techniques, and personalized medicine approaches, are beginning to transform the landscape of nervous system therapeutics.

A central goal of this Special Issue is to foster interdisciplinary dialogue among neuroscientists, clinicians, and biomedical researchers, aiming to close the gap between bench and bedside. By uniting diverse perspectives, this Special Issue seeks to accelerate progress toward effective, personalized treatments.

Dr. Natalia Rozas
Dr. Cameron Jeter
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • neurodegenerative diseases
  • neuromuscular diseases
  • autoimmune diseases of the nervous system
  • brain diseases
  • neuroinflammatory diseases
  • neuromuscular diseases
  • trauma of the nervous system 

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

30 pages, 2595 KB  
Review
Gut–Brain Axis in Mood Disorders: A Narrative Review of Neurobiological Insights and Probiotic Interventions
by Gilberto Uriel Rosas-Sánchez, León Jesús Germán-Ponciano, Abraham Puga-Olguín, Mario Eduardo Flores Soto, Angélica Yanet Nápoles Medina, José Luis Muñoz-Carillo, Juan Francisco Rodríguez-Landa and César Soria-Fregozo
Biomedicines 2025, 13(8), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines13081831 - 26 Jul 2025
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Abstract
The gut microbiota and its interaction with the nervous system through the gut–brain axis (MGB) have been the subject of growing interest in biomedical research. It has been proposed that modulation of microbiota using probiotics could offer a promising therapeutic alternative for mood [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota and its interaction with the nervous system through the gut–brain axis (MGB) have been the subject of growing interest in biomedical research. It has been proposed that modulation of microbiota using probiotics could offer a promising therapeutic alternative for mood regulation and the treatment of anxiety and depression disorders. The findings indicate that several probiotic strains, such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, have demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant effects in pre and clinical studies. These effects seem to be mediated by the regulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin (5-HT) and Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA), as well as the modulation of systemic inflammation. However, the lack of standardization in dosing and strain selection, in addition to the scarcity of large-scale clinical studies, limit the applicability of these findings in clinical therapy. Additional research is required to establish standardized therapeutic protocols and better understand the role of probiotics in mental health. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the relationship between the gut microbiota and the MGB axis in the context of anxiety and depression disorders, the underlying neurobiological mechanisms, as well as the preclinical evidence for the effect of probiotics in modulating these disorders. In this way, an exhaustive search was carried out in scientific databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Preclinical research evaluating the effects of different probiotic strains in animal models during chronic treatment was selected, excluding those studies that did not provide access to the full text. Full article
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