192 Results Found

In order to study the influence of scratch direction on the deformation characteristics and material removal mechanism of optical glass BK7, nanoscratching experiments were conducted on a Nano indenter using Vickers indenter. Results indicate that th...

This study investigates the scratch response of α-phase commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) produced via wire arc directed energy deposition (WDED), focusing on the thermal history and directional effects. Progressive scratch tests (1–50 N...

4H-SiC (silicon carbide) is widely used in semiconductor devices due to its superior characteristics. However, processing techniques such as cutting, grinding, and polishing generally have problems such as low processing efficiency, high cost, diffic...

When improving soil shear strength using various materials, determination of the improvement rate is a key issue and can be carried out using a direct shear test (DST). However, many standards for DST require only three specimens in the test and do n...

High strength and highly reflective metal sheets are widely applied in industry; industrial requirements for defect detection are extremely demanding, particularly in the aviation and automotive industries. Classifying and recognizing surface defects...

In this study, single groove nanoscratch experiments using a friction force microscope (FFM) with a monocrystalline diamond tip were conducted on a c-plane sapphire wafer to analyze the ductile-regime removal and deformation mechanism including the a...

Aluminum is a very commonly used material at present, and roughly half of the produced aluminum products undergo forming during manufacturing. Galling is a severe form of wear that occurs during sheet metal forming operations and is a common failure...

Hyperalgesic priming is a model of the transition from acute to chronic pain. Whether a similar mechanism exists for “pruritic priming” of itch is unknown. Here, we tested the hypothesis that itchy skin in a commonly used mouse model of d...

The scratch test enables assessing the susceptibility of a material to the development of scratches and, being in some ways a measure of its abrasion resistance, allows extended knowledge in the field of material application usability, especially its...

Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-P) geomembranes (GMBs) are susceptible to physical scratches due to improper construction in water conservancy projects. Axial tensile tests and permeability tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical pro...

This paper presents a scratch detection system based on a cubic Bezier curve fitting using a linear scan camera. The objective was to detect the scratch defects of an aluminum flat tube stably in real-time under complex uncertain background noise. To...

A special vibration damper is proposed for Young’s modulus and hardness identification through a scratching process on extruded aluminum. This paper presents the design and working principle of a scratching damper based on a scratching device....

Detection of scratch defects on randomly textured surfaces remains challenging due to their unnoticeable visual features. In this paper, an algorithm for piezoelectric ceramic plate surface scratch defects based on the combination of fuzzy c-means cl...

Self-directed behaviours (SDBs) are widely used as markers of emotional arousal in primates, and are commonly linked to negative arousal, or are used as indicators of stress or poor welfare. However, recent studies suggest that not all SDBs have the...

Rail surface scratching occurs with increasing frequency, seriously threatening the safety of vehicles and humans. Online repair of rail-surface scratches on damaged rails with scratch depths >1 mm is of increased importance, because direct rail-r...

Eczema, or atopic dermatitis (AD), is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by persistent itching and scratching, significantly impacting patients’ quality of life. Effective monitoring of scratching behaviour is crucial for asses...

The dimension and surface state of shielding fittings in ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) converter station valve halls have a great influence on their surface electric field and switching impulse characteristics, which are important paramet...

This work shows the atomic scale deformation behavior of crystalline multilayer coating comprising up to five Cr and Ni layers. A molecular dynamics simulation was conducted to visualize the atomic scale behavior of the multilayer during indentation/...

As an important fine machining method, sanding operation is widely used in most engineered materials. In wood sanding, high material removal rate and surface quality are expected. Clarifying the material deformation in the sanding process is the key...

In this work, the damage interference during scratching of single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) by two cone-shaped diamond grits was experimentally investigated and numerically analyzed by coupling the finite element method (FEM) and smoothed particl...

Silicon carbide is an ideal material for advanced electronics, military, and aerospace applications due to its superior physical and chemical properties. In order to understand the effect of crystal anisotropy of 4H-SiC on its processability, nanoind...

Evaluation and correlation of global quantities, i.e., normal and tangential hardness, at scratch testing in the context of a representative stress description was investigated. In particular, verification based on experimental results is at issue. I...

Material properties affect the surface finishing in ultra-precision diamond cutting (UPDC), especially for aluminum alloy 6061 (Al6061) in which the cutting-induced temperature rise generates different types of precipitates on the machined surface. T...

The effect of Ta alloying on the structure, mechanical properties and scratching behavior of Ti-Al-N-based coatings deposited on Ti substrates by reactive direct-current magnetron sputtering is studied. It was found that increasing the Ta content in...

Abrasive belt sanding plays an important role in wood processing. The abrasive grits on the belt perform similar to small cutting tools with negative rake angles. In this study, a series of single-grit scratching tests were carried out on Sugar maple...

Real-time and accurate longitudinal rip detection of a conveyor belt is crucial for the safety and efficiency of an industrial haulage system. However, the existing longitudinal detection methods possess drawbacks, often resulting in false alarms cau...

Reading books to shelter animals combining auditory enrichment with human presence is increasingly used although its effects on animal welfare have not yet been investigated. This study compared the behaviour of single-housed shelter dogs and cats du...

DLP (Digital Light Processing) 3D printing enables precise fabrication of temporary crowns. Tribological properties of these materials affect clinical durability, wear resistance, and masticatory function. This study compared three C&B-type photo...

Environmental changes and human activities have caused serious degradation of murals around the world. Scratches are one of the most common issues in these damaged murals. We propose a new method for virtually enhancing and removing scratches from mu...

TiC-based cermet clads were applied onto high-Cr-containing, cold work D2 tool steel substrates through laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). A novel suspension-based preplacement method was used to apply the feedstock prior to laser cladding. Th...

This paper proposes two different approaches to studying resistive switching of oxide thin films using scratching probe nanolithography of atomic force microscopy (AFM). These approaches allow us to assess the effects of memristor size and top-contac...

Binder jetting additive manufacturing offers a promising route to produce complex geometries in cemented carbides (WC-Co), but it may introduce direction-dependent microstructural variations potentially affecting wear resistance. This study investiga...

The shape memory effect is the most important attribute of shape memory alloys where material can recover to its initial shape after deformation by heating above its transformation temperature. In this article, the thermally induced recovery of well-...

Pruriceptive itch originates following activation of peripheral sensory nerve terminals when pruritogens come in contact with the skin. The ability of botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) to attenuate transmitter release from afferent terminals provides a r...

This study discusses a quantitative fatigue evaluation of polymer–ceramic composites for dental restorations, i.e., commercial material (Filtek Z550) and experimental materials Ex-nano (G), Ex-flow (G). Their evaluation is based on the followin...

The article presents the dependence of the morphology as well as micromechanical and sclerometric properties of Al₂O₃ layers on the parameters of anodizing of aluminum alloys. The oxide layers were produced on the EN AW-5251 aluminum alloy by means o...

Micro/nano-manipulation is the fabrication of particular constructs on devices at the micro/nano-scale. Precise manipulation of microparticles is one of the key technological difficulties in manufacturing micro/nano-scale components. Based on scannin...

The management of product quality is a crucial process in factory manufacturing. However, this approach still has some limitations, e.g., depending on the expertise of the engineer in evaluating products and being time consuming. Various approaches u...

Ti-Al-N coatings were deposited on high-speed steel substrates by filtered vacuum arc deposition (FVAD) during evaporation of aluminum and titanium cathodes. Distribution of elements, phase composition, and mechanical properties of Ti-Al-N coatings w...

The belt conveyor is the most commonly used conveying equipment in the coal mining industry. As the core part of the conveyor, the belt is vulnerable to various failures, such as scratches, cracks, wear and tear. Inspection and defect detection is es...

Coiled-coil proteins consisting of multiple copies of helices take part in transmembrane transportation and oligomerization, and are used for drug delivery. Cross-alpha amyloid-like coiled-coil structures, in which tens of short helices align perpend...

The design and production of goods have been completely transformed by additive manufacturing (AM), which makes it possible to create components with intricate and complex geometries that were previously impossible or impractical to produce. However,...

Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD) is a nonspecific skin inflammation caused by irritants, leading to itch and pain. We tested whether differential responses to histamine-dependent and -independent pruritogens can be evoked in ICD induced by sodium la...

The article presents the effect of the thermo-chemical treatment of Al₂O₃ layers on their nanostructure, surface morphology, chemical composition as well as their micromechanical and sclerometric properties. Oxide layers were produced on EN AW-5251 a...

Deep learning and other similar machine learning techniques have a huge advantage over other AI methods: they do function when applied to real-world data, ideally from scratch, without human intervention. However, they have several shortcomings that...

Over 20 million hernias are operated on globally per year, with most interventions requiring mesh reinforcement. A wide range of such medical devices are currently available on the market, most fabricated from synthetic polymers. Yet, searching for a...

The paper presents the effect of irradiation of 321 steel substrates with a high-intense pulsed ion beam (HIPIB) on changes in functional properties of the surface layers and tribological characteristics of AlN coatings subsequently deposited above b...

The electrodeposition of iron-nickel-chromium coatings is a more environmentally friendly and economical alternative to hard-chrome coatings made from chromium (VI) electrolytes and stainless-steel bulk materials. The aim of the study was to develop...

Reports of the influence of surface roughness on the adhesion and tribological performance of contemporary nitride coatings with different layer designs are still scarce in the literature. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the behavior of a sing...

The sport of curling is played on an ice surface with raised ice pebbles and uses curling rocks made of granite. The effect of sweeping is thought to straighten the rock’s projected curved path and increase the distance travelled. Recent anecdo...