Aims: In the present study, it was hypothesised that compared to healthy control subjects, significant differences in the cortical thickness of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) region of the brain, which is relevant to both impulsivity and decision mak...
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a functionally heterogeneous brain region contributing to mental processes relating to meditation practices. The OFC has been reported to decline in volume with increasing age and differs in volume between meditation...
Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in affect processing. Studies describe the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as a major hub for emotion processing and the pathophysiology of affective disorders. Subregions of the OFC show diverse functional c...
Background: Metacognition refers to the ability to reflect on and regulate cognitive processes. Despite advances in neuroimaging and lesion studies, its neural correlates, as well as their interplay with other cognitive domains, remain poorly underst...
Schizophrenia and depression are psychiatric disorders with overlapping clinical and biological features. This study aimed to identify common and distinct neuropathological mechanisms in schizophrenia and depression patients using resting-state funct...
Despite most studies on the neurobiology of language demonstrating the central part of the perisylvian network involved in language and speech function, this review attempts to complement this view by focusing on the role of the orbitofrontal cortex...
Schizophrenia is a complex mental condition, with key symptoms marked for diagnosis including delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thinking, reduced emotional expression, and social dysfunction. In the context of major developmental hypotheses of...
Loss of sense of smell is a well-known non-motor symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we present insight into the association between PD advancement and equivalents of smell loss in olfactory-eloquent brain areas, such as the posterior cortex a...
The search for the underlying neural activation that occurs during subjective aesthetic experiences of artwork has been enhanced through neuroimaging techniques. Recently, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, alongside the orbitofrontal cortex, have b...
A unified theory of emotion and motivation is updated in which motivational states are states in which instrumental goal-directed actions are performed to obtain anticipated rewards or avoid punishers, and emotional states are states that are elicite...
Background: Chocolate is one of the most frequently craved foods, and it often challenges self-regulation. These cravings may be underpinned by a neural facilitation of approach behavior toward chocolate. This preregistered study investigated the beh...
Quinpirole (QNP) sensitization is a well-established model of stereotypical checking relevant to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Previously, we found that QNP-treated rats display deficits in hippocampus-dependent tasks. The present study explores the...
Background: Although data are limited, difficulty in social cognition occurs in up to 83% of patients with brain tumors. It is unknown whether cranial radiation therapy (RT) dose to the amygdala–orbitofrontal network can impact social cognition...
Background: Curiosity is an immanent aspect of human experience linked to motivation, information-seeking, and learning processes. Previous research has highlighted the significant role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in curiosity-driven behaviors,...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a challenging neurodevelopmental disorder with symptoms in social, language, sensory, motor, cognitive, emotional, repetitive behavior, and self-sufficient living domains. The important research question examined is...
In this paper, utilizing the interactional research paradigm developed by Éva Bányai, we discuss the hypnotic relationship from the viewpoint of interactional synchrony. Based on our three decades of empirical studies of an interactional paradigm, we...
20 May 2021
It has been recently suggested that contact with nature improves mood via reducing the activity of the prefrontal cortex. However, the specific regions within the prefrontal cortex that underlie this effect remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to...
The aim of the present study was to examine the neurobiological correlates of the two negative symptom domains of schizophrenia, the Motivational Deficit domain (including avolition, anhedonia, and asociality) and the Expressive Deficit domain (inclu...
Background/Objectives: Gustatory stimuli are primarily processed in the insula, while the primary olfactory cortex involves the piriform cortex. Relatively little is known about the central-nervous integration of stimuli from foods. The main aim of t...
Stroke is the second leading cause of death after ischemic heart disease, accounting for 10% of all deaths worldwide. Stroke is also a major cause of long-term neurological disability, yet olfactory dysfunction remains an underrecognized consequence...
Multiple associations between impaired olfactory performance and regional cortical and deep gray matter atrophy have been reported in separate studies of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and of the healthy elderly. We...
Differential neural development of structures associated with reward and control systems may underlie risky behavior in adolescence. The nucleus accumbens and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been implicated in substance use behavior, although structu...
Self-ambivalence, a prevalent phenomenon in daily life, has been increasingly substantiated by research. It refers to conflicting self-views and evaluations, primarily concerning self-worth and morality. Previous behavioral research has distinguished...
Background: Despite the availability of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy for treating obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), alternative approaches need to be explored due to the high likelihood of treatment resistance. Neuronavigated 20 Hz thet...
In decision making, the subjective value of a reward declines with the delay to its receipt, describing a hyperbolic function. Although this phenomenon, referred to as delay discounting (DD), has been extensively characterized and reported in many an...
Daily actions are influenced by sensory information. Several studies have investigated the multisensory integration of multiple sensory modalities, known as crossmodal perception. Recently, visual–olfactory crossmodal perception has been studie...
Cognitive flexibility refers to the ability to adapt flexibly to changing circumstances. In laboratory mice, we investigated whether cognitive flexibility is higher in pubertal mice than in adult mice, and whether this difference is related to the ex...
11 February 2022
Despite the widespread use of the delay discounting task in clinical and non-clinical contexts, several task versions are available in the literature, making it hard to compare results across studies. Moreover, normative data are not available to eva...
Neuropathic pain (NP) arises from maladaptive changes in peripheral and central nociceptive circuits, yet molecular alterations spanning the entire pain neuraxis remain poorly understood. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a central mech...
Introduction. The Orbitofrontal Cortex (OFC) is a cortical structure that has implications in cognition, memory, reward anticipation, outcome evaluation, decision making, and learning. As such, OFC activity correlates with these cognitive brain abili...
Cognitive flexibility is essential to modify our behavior in a non-stationary environment and is often explored by reversal learning tasks. The basal ganglia (BG) dopaminergic system, under a top-down control of the pre-frontal cortex, is known to be...
Varying degrees of cognitive impairment have been documented during the course of cancer treatment [...]
Long-term negative affect in adolescence is associated with impairment in quality of life, interpersonal function, and social adaptation. Although physical exercise could decrease negative emotion, the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Ac...
15 September 2022
Horticultural therapy (HT) is green care that can help improve and recover the health of modern people living in cities through natural experiences. Many studies have been conducted to determine HT’s therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism...
Background/Objectives: Acquired brain injury (ABI) can disturb sexual regulation, but the literature does not support a single lesion-to-behavior relationship. This critical narrative review evaluates hypersexuality, sexual disinhibition, and rare ac...
Background/Objectives: Sensory-specific satiety (SSS) refers to the decrease in pleasantness of a food after repeated consumption, while other foods remain appealing. Despite its significance in hedonic food perception, the underlying mechanisms of S...
The effects triggered by serotonin2C (5-hydroxytryptamin2C, 5-HT2C) receptor agonists in the brain are often subtle, and methodologies highlighting their widespread actions to account for their multiple modulatory influences on behaviors are still la...
Decision making is crucial for animal survival because the choices they make based on their current situation could influence their future rewards and could have potential costs. This review summarises recent developments in decision making, discusse...
9 January 2020
While pro-gamers play according to defined living habits and planned schedules, adolescents with internet gaming disorder (IGD) exhibit irregular lifestyles and unregulated impulsive gaming behavior. Fourteen IGD adolescents and 12 pro-gaming student...
Incentives are frequently used by governments and employers to encourage cooperation. Here, we investigated the effect of centralized incentives on cooperation, firstly in a behavioral study and then replicated in a subsequent neuroimaging (fMRI) stu...
12 November 2020
Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex d...
Background and Objectives: In this study, the role of oxyhemoglobin (HbO) in subregions of the prefrontal cortex during a static balance task under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions was investigated in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using f...
Many autoimmune diseases can affect the central nervous system, and their varying clinical presentations often confound a straightforward diagnosis. In this report, we describe a unique presentation of CLIPPERS syndrome. To our knowledge, this is the...
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with food restriction and significantly low body weight, but the neurobiology of food avoidance in AN is unknown. Animal research suggests that food avoidance can be triggered by conditioned fear that engages the a...
The neuronal cell adhesion molecule NrCAM is widely expressed in the nervous system across the lifespan and has important physiological functions in the development of neuronal circuits through axonal growth and guidance and formation and maintenance...
Eating disorders are relatively frequent psychiatric disorders that can produce serious consequences at the brain level. In an effort to clarify the neurobiological mechanisms of their pathogenesis, some studies have suggested the existence of modifi...
Despite the advancement in neuroimaging tools, studies about using neuroimaging tools to study the impact of advertising on brain regions and processes are scant and remain unclear in academic literature. In this article, we have followed a literatur...
1 January 2008
Since Karl Jaspers’ General Psychopathology had first been edited in 1913, a tradition has been existing in German academic literature that recognises psychopathology as a science which exactly defines single psychiatric signs and symptoms – aside fr...
Direct and indirect links between brain regions and cardiac function have been reported. We performed a systematic literature review to summarize current knowledge regarding the associations of heart rate variability (HRV) and brain region morphology...
Musical practice, including musical training and musical performance, has been found to benefit cognitive function in older adults. Less is known about the role of musical experiences on brain structure in older adults. The present study examined the...
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