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106 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,719 Views
18 Pages

17 February 2025

Teleoperation-based order picking in logistics warehouse environments has been advancing steadily. However, the accuracy of such operations varies depending on the type of human–robot interface (HRI) employed. Immersive HRI, which uses a head-m...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Body Worn Sensors and Wearables)
  • Review
  • Open Access
84 Views
69 Pages

7 November 2026

Internal combustion engine-powered working machines often operate under rapidly varying loads, while conventional controllers typically infer operator demand from mechanical inputs and machine sensors. This review examines whether electromyography (E...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Combustion Engine Technology: From Combustion Efficiency to Emission Reduction)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,811 Views
16 Pages

Framework to Estimate Operating Intention for a Leader–Follower Robot

  • Zihang Lyu,
  • Ken’ichi Koyanagi,
  • Katsuki Nagahara,
  • Hiroyuki Masuta and ,
  • Fengyu Li,
  • Ahmed Almassri,
  • Takuya Tsukagoshi,
  • Kentaro Noda and
  • Toru Oshima
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

21 September 2023

The teleoperation feature of a leader–follower robot is used to operate the robot in a working environment that is dangerous to the operator. This paper proposes a method for estimating the intended operation of the operator of the leader&ndash...

(This article belongs to the Section Automation and Control Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,417 Views
29 Pages

16 April 2023

When an electric wheelchair is operated using gaze motion, eye movements such as checking the environment and observing objects are also incorrectly recognized as input operations. This phenomenon is called the “Midas touch problem”, and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robot Assistant for Human-Robot Interaction and Healthcare)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
4,929 Views
19 Pages

14 December 2018

Autonomous robotic systems operating in the vicinity of other agents, such as humans, manually driven vehicles and other robots, can model the behaviour and estimate intentions of the other agents to enhance efficiency of their operation, while prese...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors Applications in Intelligent Vehicle)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2,688 Views
9 Pages

Survey Optimization via the Haphazard Intentional Sampling Method

  • Miguel Miguel,
  • Rafael Waissman,
  • Marcelo Lauretto and
  • Julio Stern

In previously published articles, our research group has developed the Haphazard Intentional Sampling method and compared it to the Rerandomization method proposed by K.Morgan and D.Rubin. In this article, we compare both methods to the pure randomiz...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 40th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
134 Views
35 Pages

This study examines factors associated with the intention to use intercity High-Speed Rail (HSR) in Thailand before its operation, using an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) that adds External Influence, Trust, and Novelty Seeking. Survey dat...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Travel Behavior in the Era of Future Public Transport Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
4,797 Views
15 Pages

Knowledge about the perception of stakeholders regarding the effectiveness of last-mile bicycle deliveries is essential to promote solutions at a local and national level. However, their use is an incipient solution in the Brazilian context. This pap...

  • Article
  • Open Access
41 Citations
7,713 Views
18 Pages

In order to improve public financing sustainability in China, the Chinese government has announced several administrative policies on crowdfunding, concerning platform construction and operation, in recent years. However, the existing policy scope ra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
359 Views
15 Pages

Age, Operative Intent, and Mortality After Emergency Colorectal Cancer Surgery: An Exploratory Analysis of Age-Related Patterns

  • Vito Laterza,
  • Marcello Covino,
  • Carlo Alberto Schena,
  • Davide Della Polla and ,
  • Caterina Cina,
  • Filomena Misuriello,
  • Sergio Alfieri and
  • Fausto Rosa
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

17 August 2026

Background: Emergency surgery for complicated colorectal cancer (CRC) presenting with obstruction, perforation, or uncontrolled bleeding has high postoperative mortality, especially in older patients. However, age-related risk and the roles of radica...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emergencies in Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
2,623 Views
17 Pages

31 August 2024

A common challenge for exoskeleton control is discerning operator intent to provide seamless actuation of the device with the operator. One way to accomplish this is with joint angle estimation algorithms and multiple sensors on the human–machi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wearable Sensors for Biomechanics Applications—2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,374 Views
13 Pages

Haphazard Intentional Sampling in Survey and Allocation Studies on COVID-19 Prevalence and Vaccine Efficacy

  • Miguel G. R. Miguel,
  • Rafael P. Waissman,
  • Marcelo S. Lauretto and
  • Julio M. Stern

31 January 2022

Haphazard intentional sampling is a method developed by our research group for two main purposes: (i) sampling design, where the interest is to select small samples that accurately represent the general population regarding a set of covariates of int...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue MaxEnt 2020/2021—The 40th International Workshop on Bayesian Inference and Maximum Entropy Methods in Science and Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
5,356 Views
17 Pages

A Semiautonomous Control Strategy Based on Computer Vision for a Hand–Wrist Prosthesis

  • Gianmarco Cirelli,
  • Christian Tamantini,
  • Luigi Pietro Cordella and
  • Francesca Cordella

13 November 2023

Alleviating the burden on amputees in terms of high-level control of their prosthetic devices is an open research challenge. EMG-based intention detection presents some limitations due to movement artifacts, fatigue, and stability. The integration of...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI for Robotic Exoskeletons and Prostheses)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
3,227 Views
14 Pages

The Role of Water Depth Perception in Shaping Car Drivers’ Intention to Enter Floodwaters: Experimental Evidence

  • Katerina Papagiannaki,
  • Michalis Diakakis,
  • Vassiliki Kotroni,
  • Kostas Lagouvardos and
  • Giorgos Papagiannakis

16 April 2021

Floods are one of the most lethal natural hazards. Recent studies show that in a large percentage of flood-related fatalities, victims engage in risk-taking behavior by getting deliberately in contact with floodwaters. This study integrates behaviora...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Climate-Related Hazards and Human Health: Mortality, Psychosocial Aspects, and Mitigation Policies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
56 Citations
16,821 Views
15 Pages

28 August 2024

E-commerce marketplace platforms have evolved into integral digital intermediaries that shape online transactions in competitive environments. Companies continuously endeavor to improve e-service quality, customer satisfaction, and e-trust to gain a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human-Computer Interaction in Smart Factory and Industry 4.0)
  • Article
  • Open Access
326 Views
22 Pages

3 September 2026

IP-themed rural tourism destinations combine commercial IP theming, rural settings, and family-oriented leisure, yet little is known about how tourists’ perceived experience conditions are associated with stated revisit intention in these hybri...

(This article belongs to the Section Social Ecology and Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,570 Views
24 Pages

Decoding of Turning Intention during Walking Based on EEG Biomarkers

  • Vicente Quiles,
  • Laura Ferrero,
  • Eduardo Iáñez,
  • Mario Ortiz and
  • José M. Azorín

22 July 2022

In the EEG literature, there is a lack of asynchronous intention models that realistically propose interfaces for applications that must operate in real time. In this work, a novel BMI approach to detect in real time the intention to turn is proposed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biosensors in Rehabilitation and Assistance Robotics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
6,543 Views
13 Pages

Food Sustainability as a Strategic Value Driver in the Hotel Industry

  • Claudia Cozzio,
  • Ludovico Bullini Orlandi and
  • Alessandro Zardini

25 September 2018

This paper aims at exploring the impact of green food on consumers’ purchase attitudes toward a hotel stay and on consumers’ behavioral intentions (i.e., intention to visit the hotel, intention to offer positive recommendations to others...

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Agriculture)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,060 Views
19 Pages

28 December 2025

Accurate estimation of aircraft operations, such as takeoffs and landings, is critical for airport planning and resource allocation, yet it remains particularly challenging at non-towered airports, where no dedicated surveillance infrastructure exist...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue AI, Machine Learning and Automation for Air Traffic Control (ATC))
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,343 Views
17 Pages

23 February 2026

In human–robot collaboration (HRC) scenarios with direct physical contact, accurately estimating human intentions and adjusting robot behaviors based on multimodal information is the core factors that restrict the efficiency and precision of cu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robots with Intelligence: Developments and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
524 Views
25 Pages

17 September 2026

Empirical research on organizational behavior contributes significantly to the examination of workplace impacts and to a deeper understanding of the underlying drivers of employee behavior. The long-term sustainability of organizations operating in V...

  • Article
  • Open Access
204 Views
20 Pages

Benchmarking Local Large Language Models for Structured Knowledge Extraction in Conversational Commerce

  • Ratomir Karlović,
  • Luka Sever,
  • Marijela Miličević,
  • Sandi Baressi Šegota and ,
  • Vedran Mrzljak and
  • Ivan Lorencin
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

14 October 2026

The integration of natural language understanding into conversational commerce requires robustly extracting structured intents from idiomatic text. While cloud-based models are highly capable, their latency, privacy risks, and operational costs neces...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Language Processing (NLP) with Applications and Natural Language Understanding (NLU), 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,502 Views
19 Pages

AI-enabled quality control (AI-QC) tools are increasingly available to manufacturing SMEs in emerging economies, yet the firm-level conditions associated with their adoption remain underexamined. Building on the Technology–Organization–En...

  • Review
  • Open Access
54 Citations
8,623 Views
25 Pages

20 September 2021

Highly nonlinear characteristics of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are significantly influenced by the external and internal temperature of the LIB cell. Moreover, a cell temperature beyond the manufacturer’s specified safe operating limit could lead t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Power Electronics and Energy Management for Battery Storage Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,177 Views
21 Pages

Social Influence and Prospective Adoption of ORA and REDCIA in Amazonian Cooperation

  • Giovanni Herrera-Enríquez,
  • Sergio Castillo-Páez,
  • Betzabé Maldonado-Mera,
  • Pablo Santillán-Caicedo and
  • Diego Sande-Veiga

Knowledge management platforms are increasingly important for strengthening governance, scientific collaboration, and evidence-based decision making in complex regional networks. This study analyses the prospective intention to adopt two strategic di...

(This article belongs to the Section Economic and Business Aspects of Sustainability)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,920 Views
20 Pages

11 January 2024

As the world enters an aging and super-aged society, the application of advanced technology in assistive devices to support the daily life of the elderly is becoming a hot issue. Among them, electric wheelchairs are representative assistive devices f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rehabilitation and Assistive Robotics: Latest Advances and Prospects)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,833 Views
22 Pages

A Novel Family of Starlike Functions Involving Quantum Calculus and a Special Function

  • Baseer Gul,
  • Daniele Ritelli,
  • Reem K. Alhefthi and
  • Muhammad Arif

The intent of quantum calculus, briefly q-calculus, is to find q-analogues of mathematical entities so that the original object is achieved when a certain limit is taken. In the case of q-analogue of the ordinary derivative, the limit is q→1&min...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fractional Calculus, Quantum Calculus and Special Functions in Complex Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
8,654 Views
12 Pages

Modelling of Harvesting Machines’ Technical Parameters and Prices

  • Tatevik Yezekyan,
  • Francesco Marinello,
  • Giannantonio Armentano,
  • Samuele Trestini and
  • Luigi Sartori

Technical and performance parameters of agricultural machines directly impact the operational efficiency and entire crop production. Sometimes, overestimation of technical and dimensional parameters of harvesting equipment is carried out with the int...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from Engineering for Rural Development)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,672 Views
18 Pages

Importance of Visual Estimation of Coronary Artery Stenoses and Use of Functional Evaluation for Appropriate Guidance of Coronary Revascularization—Multiple Operator Evaluation

  • Lucian Calmac,
  • Nicoleta-Monica Popa-Fotea,
  • Vlad Bataila,
  • Vlad Ploscaru and ,
  • Adrian Turea,
  • Irina Andra Tache,
  • Diana Stoian,
  • Lucian Itu,
  • Elisabeta Badila and
  • Maria Dorobantu
  • + 6 authors+ 1 author

30 November 2021

Background: Visual estimation (VE) of coronary stenoses is the first step during invasive coronary angiography. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of VE together with invasive functional assessment (IFA) in defining the functional sig...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Diagnostic and Management of Ischemic Heart Disease)
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
3,632 Views
14 Pages

Preoperative Clinical and Computed Tomography (CT)-Based Nomogram to Predict Oncologic Outcomes in Patients with Pancreatic Head Cancer Resected with Curative Intent: A Retrospective Study

  • Shin Hye Hwang,
  • Ha Yan Kim,
  • Eun Ju Lee,
  • Ho Kyoung Hwang and ,
  • Mi-Suk Park,
  • Myeong-jin Kim,
  • Woo Jung Lee,
  • Yong Eun Chung and
  • Chang Moo Kang
  • + 4 authors+ 0 author

21 October 2019

Background: Currently, proposed nomograms are mainly based on post-operative histopathology. The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative computed tomography (CT) and clinical information that allow prediction of disease-free (DFS) and over...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Standards and New Innovative Approaches for Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,530 Views
20 Pages

Modeling Service Experience and Sustainable Adoption of Drone Taxi Services in the UAE: A Behavioral Framework Informed by TAM and UTAUT

  • Sami Miniaoui,
  • Nasser A. Saif Almuraqab,
  • Rashed Al Raees,
  • Prashanth B. S. and
  • Manoj Kumar M. V.

16 January 2026

Urban air mobility solutions such as drone taxi services are increasingly viewed as a promising response to congestion, sustainability, and smart-city mobility challenges. However, the large-scale adoption of such services depends on users’ per...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
10,590 Views
12 Pages

Wireless sEMG System with a Microneedle-Based High-Density Electrode Array on a Flexible Substrate

  • Minjae Kim,
  • Gangyong Gu,
  • Kyoung Je Cha,
  • Dong Sung Kim and
  • Wan Kyun Chung

30 December 2017

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals reflect muscle contraction and hence, can provide information regarding a user’s movement intention. High-density sEMG systems have been proposed to measure muscle activity in small areas and to estimate comple...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomedical Sensors and Systems 2017)
  • Article
  • Open Access
704 Views
38 Pages

Determination of Weight Coefficients for Multi-Objective UAV Task Assignment via Inverse Optimization and Adaptive Adjustment of Planning Intent

  • Zuolin Lv,
  • Mingfa Zheng,
  • Xiuchao Song,
  • Zongpu Li and ,
  • Zhi Zhang and
  • Aoyu Zheng
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

13 August 2026

This paper presents a method for determining weight coefficients in multi-objective UAV task assignment under a competitive data-collection setting, where two UAV companies independently visit each other’s sensor nodes. In this setting, each co...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stochastic Modelling and Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
477 Views
24 Pages

The compensation a farmer requires to reduce fertilizer use reflects the behavioral factors behind the decision to participate. This study examines how they are associated with compensation expectations, and whether these associations differ across o...

(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Economics, Policies and Rural Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
191 Views
13 Pages

Layer-Oriented Lateral Superior Approach for Robotic Right Hemicolectomy: A Novel Embryology-Based Strategy and Initial Clinical Outcomes

  • Tetsu Yamamoto,
  • Takahito Taniura,
  • Kazunari Ishitobi,
  • Keisuke Inoue and ,
  • Shunsuke Kaji,
  • Takayuki Tanaka,
  • Takeshi Matsubara and
  • Masaaki Hidaka
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

16 October 2026

Background: Complete mesocolic excision (CME) with D3 lymphadenectomy is an oncologically established procedure for right-sided colon cancer; however, the optimal dissection plane and surgical approach remain controversial. We developed a novel layer...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Colorectal Surgery: Current Concept and Emerging Trends)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,530 Views
21 Pages

8 April 2025

Background/Objectives: Proper confidence interval estimation of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the net reclassification index (NRI), and the integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) is an area of ongoing research...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biostatistics in Cancer Research)
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
4,912 Views
15 Pages

Evaluation of Machinery Readiness Using Semi-Markov Processes

  • Andrzej Świderski,
  • Anna Borucka,
  • Małgorzata Grzelak and
  • Leszek Gil

24 February 2020

This article uses Markov and semi-Markov models as some of the most popular tools to estimate readiness and reliability. They allow to evaluate of both individual elements as well as entire systems—including production systems—as multi-st...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Design and Management of Manufacturing Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,577 Views
14 Pages

12 January 2022

Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR), the intentional recharge of aquifers, has surged worldwide in the last 60 years as one of the options to preserve and increase water resources availability. However, estimating the extent of the area impacted by the re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Surface Water and Groundwater Analysis)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,482 Views
21 Pages

7 June 2026

Although small and medium enterprises (SMEs) anchor employment and output across Sub-Saharan Africa, their uptake of artificial intelligence (AI) lags global benchmarks, and prevailing explanations dwell on capital, infrastructure, and institutional...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Innovation and Business Model Transformation in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
8,594 Views
15 Pages

RD-SLAM: Real-Time Dense SLAM Using Gaussian Splatting

  • Chaoyang Guo,
  • Chunyan Gao,
  • Yiyang Bai and
  • Xiaoling Lv

3 September 2024

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is fundamental for intelligent mobile units to perform diverse tasks. Recent work has shown that integrating neural rendering and SLAM showed promising results in photorealistic environment reconstruction....

  • Article
  • Open Access
801 Views
21 Pages

16 September 2026

Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals acquired with low-cost sensors tend to exhibit variable degradation that can compromise the reliability of myoelectric control systems outside controlled conditions. This work presents an adaptive processing pi...

(This article belongs to the Section A: Computer Science)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
727 Views
30 Pages

ICG-Restore: Intent-Constrained, Graph-Enhanced LLM Planning with Minimal-Edit Repair for Post-Disaster Emergency Communication Recovery

  • Jinyin Bai,
  • Wei Zhu,
  • Xiangchen Wang,
  • Shiluo Guo and ,
  • Zongzhe Nie,
  • Tianjin Ni,
  • Jinji Zhou,
  • Kaiyang Kou,
  • Lingxin Xu and
  • Yihao Zhong
  • + 5 authors+ 0 author

2 August 2026

Post-disaster emergency communication recovery is not merely a link-repair task but a high-level planning problem constrained by service priorities, inter-object dependencies, resource budgets, and time windows. Existing restoration optimization meth...

  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,525 Views
11 Pages

Induction Chemotherapy Followed by Pleurectomy Decortication and Hyperthermic Intraoperative Chemotherapy (HITHOC) for Early-Stage Epitheliod Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma—A Prospective Report

  • Stefano Bongiolatti,
  • Francesca Mazzoni,
  • Ottavia Salimbene,
  • Enrico Caliman and ,
  • Carlo Ammatuna,
  • Camilla E. Comin,
  • Lorenzo Antonuzzo and
  • Luca Voltolini
  • + 3 authors+ 0 author

26 November 2021

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive disease with poor prognosis and the current treatment for early-stage MPM is based on a multimodality therapy regimen involving platinum-based chemotherapy preceding or following surgery. To enhan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Advances in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
2,529 Views
11 Pages

Robotic Versus Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Single-Center Analysis of Safety and Efficacy Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting

  • Mariano Cesare Giglio,
  • Silvia Campanile,
  • Gianluca Rompianesi,
  • Giuseppe Loiaco and ,
  • Riccardo Aurelio Nasto,
  • Roberto Montalti and
  • Roberto Ivan Troisi
  • + 2 authors+ 0 author

9 June 2025

Background/Objectives: Robotic surgery has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional approaches, offering enhanced precision and ergonomics. However, its application to pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) remains controversial due to technical compl...

(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Therapy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
3,639 Views
20 Pages

14 October 2022

Recent years have seen an increase in events of drone incursion into airport terminal areas, leading to safety concerns and disruptions to airline operations. It is of great importance to identify the potential conflict, especially for those non-coop...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis, Optimization, and Control of Air Traffic System)
  • Article
  • Open Access
25 Citations
3,704 Views
28 Pages

3 November 2022

The issues that determine the capacity of railway infrastructure are topical in situations that are reaching operating limits. According to the objectives of the European transport policy, it is assumed that up to 30% of road freight over 300 km shou...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Operation and Maintenance of Railway Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,680 Views
25 Pages

28 November 2024

The Solvency II regulatory framework requires European insurance companies to guarantee their solvability and stability by retaining enough Own Funds to cover future unexpected losses at a given confidence level. A Standard Formula approach is provid...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Business and Industry: Mathematical Analysis, Sustainability Assessment Instruments and Methods)
  • Article
  • Open Access
688 Views
22 Pages

As a major policy initiative, China’s Industry–Finance Cooperation (IFC) Pilot Program aims to address the enduring difficulties enterprises face in securing affordable financing. Despite its intent, the policy’s actual efficacy in...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Financial Risk Management)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,548 Views
17 Pages

A Hybrid Architecture for Safe Human–Robot Industrial Tasks

  • Gaetano Lettera,
  • Daniele Costa and
  • Massimo Callegari

24 January 2025

In the context of Industry 5.0, human–robot collaboration (HRC) is increasingly crucial for enabling safe and efficient operations in shared industrial workspaces. This study aims to implement a hybrid robotic architecture based on the Speed an...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrating AI into Mechatronics and Robotics: Innovations and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,217 Views
17 Pages

Humans interact with the environment through a variety of senses. Touch in particular contributes to a sense of presence, enhancing perceptual experiences, and establishing causal relations between events. Many human–machine interfaces only all...

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