In addition to its contractile role, skeletal muscle has important secretory functions and communicates with local and distant tissues through myokines, a heterogeneous group of cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, peptides, and extracellular-matri...
Cancer is a disease associated with extreme human suffering, a huge economic cost to health systems, and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Regular physical activity is associated with many health benefits, including reduced cancer risk....
Obesity and osteoarthritis (OA) are increasingly prevalent conditions that are intricately linked, with each exacerbating the other’s pathogenesis and worsening patient outcomes. This review explores the dual impact of obesity on OA, highlighti...
Background/Objectives: Myokines can modulate organ function and metabolism, offering a protective profile against ICU complications beyond preventing local muscle wasting. This scoping review aims to explore and summarize the evidence regarding the s...
Recently discovered irisin, a member of the myokines family, is a potential mediator of exercise-induced energy metabolism and a factor promoting browning of the white adipose tissue. Recent evidence indicates that this myokine, released from contrac...
Background/Objectives: Myokines have been demonstrated to be associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, they have not been studied as biomarkers for peripheral artery disease (PAD). We identified interleukin-7 (IL-7) as a prognostic biomarker...
Objectives: In this study, our aim is to summarise the available data on the correlation between sarcopenia and sleep disturbances as a consequence of changes in the myokine concentrations. Methods: Our research was conducted by searching through Pub...
Background: The myokine response to various types of exercise may differ and influence the adaptations to various physiological systems in response to training. This study aimed to compare systemic myokines’ (apelin, interleukin-6 [IL-6], inter...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by muscle metabolic dysfunction that exercise can minimize, but some patients do not respond to an exercise intervention. Myokine secretion is intrinsically altered in patients with T2D, but the role of myokines...
Skeletal muscle, traditionally recognized for its motor function, has emerged as a key endocrine organ involved in metabolic regulation and interorgan communication. This narrative review addresses the dual role of muscle as a target tissue for class...
Skeletal muscle is increasingly recognized as a dynamic secretory organ capable of translating contractile, metabolic, mechanical and inflammatory stimuli into systemic biological signals. Among these signals, myokines and myokine-associated exerkine...
Chronic musculoskeletal pain and sarcopenia co-occur at rates exceeding epidemiological independence in older adults. However, no systematic review has examined whether exercise-induced myokine signaling suppresses shared NF-κB–driven inf...
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is constantly adapting to micro-changes to facilitate movement. When the balance between bone building and resorption shifts more towards bone resorption, the result is reduced bone density and mineralization, as...
Compelling evidence supports the health benefits of physical exercise on the immune system, possibly through the molecules secreted by the skeletal muscles known as myokines. Herein, we assessed the impact of exercise interventions on plasma Heat sho...
Background/Objectives: Skeletal muscle functions as an endocrine organ by secreting myokines in response to exercise, with interleukin-6 (IL-6) recognized as a representative intensity-dependent biomarker that rapidly increases immediately after exer...
Brain function-related myokines, such as lactate, irisin, and cathepsin B (CTSB), are upstream factors that control brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and are secreted from skeletal muscle by exercise. However, whether irisin and CTS...
Objective: This study evaluated the effects of a 12-week High-Intensity Functional Training (HIFT) program combined with thylakoid supplementation on plasma adipo-myokine levels (Decorin, Myostatin, Follistatin, Activin A, and TGF-β1) in men wit...
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains a powerful predictor of progressive heart failure (HF), but it is not clear whether altered glycemic control interferes with HF progression via an impaired profile of circulating myokines. The aim was to invest...
Brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) is expressed by skeletal muscle as a myokine. Our previous work showed that the active precursor, proBDNF, is the predominant form of BDNF expressed in skeletal muscle, and that following skeletal muscle injury...
Mitsugumin 53 (MG53, also TRIM72) is a muscle-enriched tripartite motif protein with a well-established role in acute membrane repair and cytoprotection in striated muscle and other stressed tissues. MG53 is a core component of cellular repair machin...
Background: Recently, many studies have been devoted to discovering nutrients for exercise-like effects. Resistance exercise and the intake of essential amino acids (EAAs) are known to be factors that can affect muscle mass and strength improvement....
Physical activity improves the prognosis of cancer patients, partly by contrasting the associated muscle wasting (cachexia), through still unknown mechanisms. We asked whether aerobic exercise causes secretion by skeletal muscles of proteins (myokine...
Background: Menopause increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) accompanied by a decline in muscle function. Myokines, released by skeletal muscle, could play a significant role in cardiovascular health. Objectives and Methods: This study a...
Data on the quantification of the potentially neurotrophic adipo-myokine METRNL (Meteorin-like protein) in human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are lacking and migration of this secreted protein across the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is uncertain. In the pr...
Bone and muscle have been recognized as endocrine organs since they produce and secrete “hormone-like factors” that can mutually influence each other and other tissues, giving rise to a “bone–muscle crosstalk”. In our st...
Irisin, a novel adipo-myokine with metabolic regulatory functions, exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic actions that may confer protection against sepsis-induced organ injury in experimental studies. Until now, only one human stu...
Myokine is a general term for hormones, peptides, and other substances secreted by skeletal muscle. Myokine has attracted much attention in recent years as a key substance for understanding the mechanism of “exercise and health”. Skeletal...
In the elderly, whole-body health largely relies on healthy skeletal muscle, which controls body stability, locomotion, and metabolic homeostasis. Age-related skeletal muscle structural/functional deterioration is associated with a higher risk of sev...
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine implicated as a fundamental mediator of physical activity benefits. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the chronic administration model of irisin on the physiological and molecular status...
This study investigates the effects of low-intensity high-repetition (LI-HR) and high-intensity low-repetition (HI-LR) resistance training (RT) on functional fitness and myokines in older adults. A total of 30 participants (mean age ~76 years) were r...
In the last few years, the muscular system has gained attention due to the discovery of the muscle-secretome and its high potency for retaining or regaining health. These cytokines, described as myokines, released by the working muscle, are involved...
Optimal body weight and body composition for age are relevant to child development and healthy life. Changes in lean mass and fat mass as well as its distribution are associated with alterations in the secretion of myokines and adipokines by muscle a...
The skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the body and secretes circulating factors, including myokines, which are involved in various cellular signaling processes. Skeletal muscle is vital for metabolism and physiology and plays a crucial role in...
Objectives: Cancer is a multifactorial disease determined by several factors. Metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes significantly contribute to cancer risk by promoting chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and hormonal dysregulation....
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), are disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the nervous system. Currently...
Skeletal muscle is capable of secreting different factors in order to communicate with other tissues. These mediators, the myokines, show potentially far-reaching effects on non-muscle tissues and can provide a molecular interaction between muscle an...
Backgrand and Objective: Aquatic exercise may be an effective strategy for promoting healthy aging among older women with obesity because it reduces joint loading while improving physical and functional capacity. In this prospective observational stu...
Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle strength, power, and size. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms whereby sarcopenia occurs is an area of research that has received much attention due to the aging population. Skelet...
Exercise can regulate the immune function, activate the activity of immune cells, and promote the health of the organism, but the mechanism is not clear. Skeletal muscle is a secretory organ that secretes bioactive substances known as myokines. Exerc...
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely used to enhance aerobic performance in combat sports, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying training adaptation remain unclear. This study investigated whether changes in circulating myokine–a...
Background: The craniofacial region is functionally unique, with close interaction between muscles and bones during mastication, speech, and facial expression. Although myokines, muscle-derived signaling molecules, are increasingly being studied in r...
Obesity is now a worldwide epidemic. In recent years, different phenotypes of obesity, ranging from metabolically healthy normal weight to metabolically unhealthy obese, were described. Although there is no standardized definition for these phenotype...
It is now established that adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and heart are endocrine organs and secrete in normal and in pathological conditions several molecules, called, respectively, adipokines, myokines, and cardiokines. These secretory proteins c...
Objective: Resistance exercise can induce muscle damage that impairs sports performance and cellular repair. Myokines, particularly mitochondrial myokines, play an important role in regulating energy metabolism and muscle recovery. The ACTN3 R577X po...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on the skeletal muscle in Apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6J mice. ApoE...
Exercise and cold exposure are two stimuli that have been suggested as solely effective to modulate adipose tissue metabolism and improve metabolic health in obese populations. The two primary organs involved in energy metabolism during exercise and/...
Insulin resistance develops when skeletal muscle (SM), adipose tissue (AT), and the liver fail to respond adequately to insulin, a dysfunction closely intertwined with chronic low-grade inflammation. This combination leads to compensatory hyperinsuli...
Efficacy of obesity treatments varies between individuals, highlighting the presence of responders and non-responders. Whilst exercise alone or exercise combined with diet leads to underwhelming weight loss for most, there exist super responders losi...
In the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic, understanding the intricate mechanisms of the body’s response to infection and inflammation has become a priority for the medical and research communities. It has been proven that during COVID-19...
Exercise-induced myokines, such as IL-6, irisin, and myostatin, play crucial roles in mediating systemic adaptations and modulating tumor progression. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on how regular moderate-intensity exercise affects the m...
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