PCBs (printed circuit boards) are the core components of modern electronic devices, and inspecting them for defects will have a direct impact on the performance, reliability and cost of the product. However, the performance of current detection algor...
For high-speed trains, out-of-roundness (OOR)/defects on wheel tread with small radius deviation may suffice to give rise to severe damage on both vehicle components and track structure when they run at high speeds. It is thus highly desirable to det...
1 October 2025
This study examines how the initiation of monetary compensation and the sincerity of apologies influence customers’ repurchase intentions after receiving products with minor defects, and how these effects are moderated by consumer pickiness and...
Developing cartilage constructs with injectability, appropriate matrix composition, and persistent cartilaginous phenotype remains an enduring challenge in cartilage repair. Fourteen patients with minor contour deformity were treated with fluid carti...
Several collagen subtypes have been identified in hyaline articular cartilage. The main and most abundant collagens are type II, IX and XI collagens. The minor and less abundant collagens are type III, IV, V, VI, X, XII, XIV, XVI, XXII, and XXVII col...
In the last decades several reliable technologies have been proposed for fault detection in water distribution networks (DNs), whereas there are some limitations for transmission mains (TMs). For TM inspection, the most common fault detection technol...
This paper emphasizes that the furnace pressure, crucible rotation, and pulling rate have important effects on interstitial oxygen (Oi) concentrations and micro-defects during growth in a Czochralski single-crystal silicon (CZ-Si) growth furnace. Sin...
We present preliminary results on minority carrier traps in as-grown n-type 4H–SiC Schottky barrier diodes. The minority carrier traps are crucial for charge trapping and recombination processes. In this study, minority carrier traps were inves...
The detection of surface defects on automotive engine parts is an important part of automobile manufacturing quality assurance. The traditional detection methods rely on manual inspection and can be inaccurate and inefficient, while the existing deep...
Product quality inspection is a crucial element of industrial manufacturing, yet flaws such as blemishes and stains frequently emerge after the product is completed. Most research has utilized detection models and avoided segmenting networks due to t...
This work presents a copper zinc tin sulfide (CZTS)-based solar cell structure (AI/ITO/C60/CZTS/SnS/Pt) with C60 as a buffer layer, developed using the SCAPS-1D simulator by optimizing each parameter to calculate the output. Optimizing the parameters...
A model framework for the prediction of defects in strip steel is proposed with the objective of enhancing the accuracy of defect detection. Initially, the data are balanced through the utilisation of the Improved Synthetic Minority Oversampling Tech...
The timely detection of insulator defects in transmission lines is vital for ensuring social production and people’s livelihoods. Aiming to solve the problem of the low accuracy of insulator defect detection in current detection models, this st...
Aging infrastructure has drawn increased attention globally, as its collapse would be destructive economically and socially. Precise quantification of minor defects is essential for identifying issues before structural failure occurs. Most studies me...
Due to the high hardness and brittleness of ceramic materials, conventional cutting methods result in poor quality and machining difficulties. Additive manufacturing has also been tried in various ways, but it has many limitations. This study aims to...
Internal crack defects in high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels during continuous casting pose significant challenges to downstream processing and product reliability. However, due to the inherent class imbalance in industrial defect datasets, conven...
To address the challenge of detecting tiny flaws in tile defect detection, a lightweight algorithm for identifying minor defects in tile images has been developed, referred to as CTDD-YOLO. Firstly, CAACSPELAN is proposed as the core component of the...
The influence of various energetic particles and electron injection on the transport of minority carriers and non-equilibrium carrier recombination in Ga2O3 is summarized in this review. In Ga2O3 semiconductors, if robust p-type material and bipolar...
The digitalization of shipbuilding processes has become an important trend in modern naval construction, enabling more efficient design, assembly, and maintenance operations. A key aspect of this digital transformation is traceability, which ensures...
Ellipse detection has a very wide range of applications in the field of object detection, especially in the geometric size detection of inclined microporous parts. However, due to the processing methods applied to the parts, there are certain defects...
After a lengthy period of scouring, the reinforced concrete surface of the dam spillway (i.e., drift spillways and flood discharge spillways) will suffer from deterioration and damage. Regular manual inspection is time-consuming and dangerous. This p...
Software defect prediction (SDP) is the technique used to predict the occurrences of defects in the early stages of software development process. Early prediction of defects will reduce the overall cost of software and also increase its reliability....
Industrial visual inspection plays a crucial role in intelligent manufacturing. However, existing anomaly-detection methods based on unsupervised learning paradigms often struggle with issues such as overlooking minor defects and blurring component e...
Electrical sealing covers are widely used in various industrial equipment, where the quality of their metal-painted surfaces directly affects product appearance and long-term reliability. Micro-defects such as pores, particles, scratches, and uneven...
Rail surface defect detection is vital for railway safety. Traditional methods falter with varying defect sizes and complex backgrounds, while two-stage deep learning models, though accurate, lack real-time capabilities. To overcome these challenges,...
Green plums have produced significant economic benefits because of their nutritional and medicinal value. However, green plums are affected by factors such as plant diseases and insect pests during their growth, picking, transportation, and storage,...
The capacity of Topoisomerase II (Topo II) to remove DNA catenations that arise after replication is essential to ensure faithful chromosome segregation. Topo II activity is monitored during G2 by a specific checkpoint pathway that delays entry into...
Traditionally a disease of adults, type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been increasingly diagnosed in youth, particularly among adolescents and young adults of minority ethnic groups. Especially, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, obesity and prediabetes hav...
Image processing-based pattern recognition applications often use texture features to identify structural characteristics. Existing algorithms, including statistical, structural, model-based, and transform-based, lack expertise for specialized featur...
This paper aims to critically review electrically active defects studied by junction spectroscopy techniques (deep-level transient spectroscopy and minority carrier transient spectroscopy) in the three most commonly used silicon carbide (SiC) polytyp...
The degradation of solar photovoltaic (PV) modules over time, which are aggravated by defects, significantly affects the performance of utility-scale PV parks. This study presents a quantitative assessment of the power loss from module defects and ev...
Software defect prediction is an active research area. Researchers have proposed many approaches to overcome the imbalanced defect problem and build highly effective machine learning models that are not biased towards the majority class. Generative a...
Today, the processing and analysis of mammograms is quite an important field of medical image processing. Small defects in images can lead to false conclusions. This is especially true when the distortion occurs due to minor malfunctions in the equip...
ZRSR2 (zinc finger CCCH-type, RNA binding motif and serine/arginine rich 2) is an essential splicing factor involved in 3′ splice-site recognition as a component of both the major and minor spliceosomes that mediate the splicing of U2-type (maj...
Background/Objectives: Visual inspection of parenteral drug products is a mandatory and critical unit operation, typically followed by an Acceptable Quality Level (AQL) check, as required by current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and regulatory...
31 May 2024
Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objective: To determine patient, defect, and surgical factors associated with facial reconstructive outcomes. Methods: Post-Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) facial reconstructions performed at a single institu...
With the increasing demand for power supply reliability, online monitoring techniques for cable health condition assessments are gaining more attention. Most prevailing techniques lack the sensitivity needed to detect minor insulation defects. A new...
Mobility spectrum analysis (MSA) is a method that enables the carrier density (and mobility) separation of the majority and minority carriers in multicarrier semiconductors, respectively. In this paper, we use the p-GaAs layer in order to demonstrate...
Data imbalance is a crucial factor that limits the performance of automatic defect recognition systems in castings. The bias and deterioration of the model are generated by massive normal samples and minor defect samples. Traditional re-sampling meth...
Vulvar and perineal reconstruction represents a significant surgical challenge, particularly in the context of oncological resections, trauma, or postpartum injuries. Vulvar cancer, predominantly squamous cell carcinoma, often necessitates extensive...
Irrigation pipelines are critical agricultural hydraulic facilities that often develop minor bending defects due to ground settlement or improper installation. This study employs Lagrange equations for non-material volumes and the Absolute Nodal Coor...
Nickel-based alloys have demonstrated significant promise as structural materials for Gen-IV nuclear reactors. However, the understanding of the interaction mechanism between the defects resulting from displacement cascades and solute hydrogen during...
Corrosion is a major cause of the loss of hermeticity in oil and gas pipelines. Corrosion defects affect the remaining life of in-service pipelines and can lead to failures, ruptures, hydrocarbon leakage, product loss, interruptions, environmental da...
Surface defect detection systems, which have advanced beyond conventional defect detection methods, lower the risk of accidents and increase working efficiency and productivity. Most fault detection techniques demand extra tools, such as ultrasonic s...
Printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing processes are becoming increasingly complex, where even minor defects can impair product performance and yield rates. Precisely identifying PCB defects is critical but remains challenging. Traditional PCB def...
Abnormalities in hoof shape are usually connected with limb conformation defects. The role of angular hoof deviations is important for longevity in sports competitions and is increasingly recognized as a factor associated with lameness in performance...
Advanced non-destructive techniques play an important role in detecting surface defects in the context of additive manufacturing, with non-destructive technologies providing surface data for the recognition of surface defects. In this line, it is nec...
This paper aims to explore the qualification of step- and lock-in heating thermography as techniques capable of inspecting new composite rail carbodies following input and inspection requirements set by the rail manufacturing industry. Specifically,...
Aluminum nitride, with its high thermal conductivity and insulating properties, is a promising candidate as a thermal dissipation material in optoelectronics and high-power logic devices. In this work, we have shown that the thermal conductivity and...
(1) Background: The reconstruction of cutaneous defects following surgical procedures in the nasal pyramid presents a challenge due to the limited amount of available tissue. In cases of larger defects, skin from adjacent units is used. Traditionally...
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