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Agriculture
Volume 15
Issue 11
10.3390/agriculture15111214
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Critical Flow Velocity Analysis of Multi-Span Viscoelastic Micro-Bending Irrigation Pipelines

by
Sihao Wu
1,
Bo Fan
1,*,
Jianhua Cao
1,
Suwei Xiao
1 and
Yuhe Cao
2
1
Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 570100, China
2
College of Construction Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agriculture 2025, 15(11), 1214; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111214
Submission received: 25 April 2025 / Revised: 27 May 2025 / Accepted: 29 May 2025 / Published: 1 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Agricultural Technology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Irrigation pipelines are critical agricultural hydraulic facilities that often develop minor bending defects due to ground settlement or improper installation. This study employs Lagrange equations for non-material volumes and the Absolute Nodal Coordinate Formulation (ANCF) to model the multi-span viscoelastic micro-bending irrigation pipelines, investigating the influence of micro-bending defects on critical flow velocity. The material parameters of the pipeline wall are determined via uniaxial tensile tests, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is validated through comparison with degraded models and field tests. Further numerical analysis demonstrates that modifying the micro-bend defect of the pipeline from a parabolic to a sinusoidal shape yields a 13.9% enhancement in critical flow velocity. This improvement is particularly significant for irrigation projects with limited pipe material options, tight flow design margins, and low economic returns.
Keywords: critical flow velocity; multi span; micro bending; viscoelasticity; irrigation pipeline critical flow velocity; multi span; micro bending; viscoelasticity; irrigation pipeline

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MDPI and ACS Style

Wu, S.; Fan, B.; Cao, J.; Xiao, S.; Cao, Y. Critical Flow Velocity Analysis of Multi-Span Viscoelastic Micro-Bending Irrigation Pipelines. Agriculture 2025, 15, 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111214

AMA Style

Wu S, Fan B, Cao J, Xiao S, Cao Y. Critical Flow Velocity Analysis of Multi-Span Viscoelastic Micro-Bending Irrigation Pipelines. Agriculture. 2025; 15(11):1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111214

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wu, Sihao, Bo Fan, Jianhua Cao, Suwei Xiao, and Yuhe Cao. 2025. "Critical Flow Velocity Analysis of Multi-Span Viscoelastic Micro-Bending Irrigation Pipelines" Agriculture 15, no. 11: 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111214

APA Style

Wu, S., Fan, B., Cao, J., Xiao, S., & Cao, Y. (2025). Critical Flow Velocity Analysis of Multi-Span Viscoelastic Micro-Bending Irrigation Pipelines. Agriculture, 15(11), 1214. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15111214

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