Depending on their use, electrodes must have a certain size and design so as not to compromise their electrical characteristics. It is fundamental to be aware of all dependences on external factors that vary the electrochemical characteristics of the...
With the rapid development of Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS) fabrication technologies, many microelectrodes with various structures and functions have been designed and fabricated for applications in biomedical research, diagnosis and treatm...
In order to provide high-quality visual information to patients who have implanted retinal prosthetic devices, the number of microelectrodes should be large. As the number of microelectrodes is increased, the dimensions of each microelectrode must be...
The electrochemical determination of nitric oxide in seawater with microelectrodes is reported in this paper. Two electrodes, ISO-NOPMC microsensor and modified platinum microelectrode, are evaluated for their performance in seawater. The peak curren...
The performances of microelectrode arrays for neural interfaces strongly depend on electrode design. Due to a lack of simulation tools, electrode engineers often have to refine new designs empirically. This process requires setups of electrical and e...
Neurons communicate through complex chemical and electrophysiological signal patterns to develop a tight information network. A physiological or pathological event cannot be explained by signal communication mode. Therefore, dual-mode electrodes can...
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures resulting from abnormal neuronal hyperexcitability. In the case of pharmacoresistant epilepsy requiring resection surgery, the identification of the Epileptogenic Zone (E...
Conducting polymer 3D microelectrodes have been fabricated for possible future neurological applications. A combination of micro-fabrication techniques and chemical polymerization methods has been used to create pillar electrodes in polyaniline and p...
The lifetime of polymeric membrane ion-selective microelectrodes is one of the key factors limiting their practical applications. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the fabrication of liquid-contact ion-selective microelectrodes with a long life...
In this research, the enhancement in electrochemical performance of pyrolyzed carbon microelectrodes by surface modification is investigated. For the proposed microfabrication process, pyrolyzed carbon microelectrodes with multi-walled carbon nanotub...
Recently developed optically transparent microelectrode technology provides a promising approach for simultaneous high-resolution electrical and optical biointerfacing with tissues in vivo and in vitro. A critically unmet need is designing high-perfo...
Microfluidic technology has emerged as a multidisciplinary field, integrating fluid dynamics, electronics, materials science, etc., enabling precise manipulation of small volumes of fluids and particles for various bio-applications. Among the forms o...
Gold amalgam microelectrodes (GAMEs) have been characterized and successfully calibrated to measure >1.5 mM (30 mg L−1) sulfide in artificial wastewater (AWW) using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV). Microbial sulfide generation in two ty...
This paper discusses the electrochemical properties of thin-film, planar, titanium–platinum (Ti-Pt) microelectrodes fabricated using glass or silicon substrates and compares their performance to the classic platinum (Pt) microelectrodes embedde...
An enzyme-based electrochemical biosensor has been developed with 3D pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes that have been coated with bio-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The 3D carbon working electrode was microfabricated using the pyrolysis...
Brain‒machine interface (BMI) is a promising technology that looks set to contribute to the development of artificial limbs and new input devices by integrating various recent technological advances, including neural electrodes, wireless communicatio...
Glassy carbon (GC) microelectrodes have been successfully used for the detection of electroactive neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin through voltammetry. However, non-electroactive neurotransmitters such as glutamate, lactate, and gamma...
Electrode designs and materials have become an increasingly important performance driver for microelectrode arrays, which are among the essential tools for cellular electrophysiology. Ongoing works have continuously innovated over a diverse range of...
Dopamine (DA) is an important neurotransmitter responsible for the functions and activities of multiple systems in human. Electrochemical detection of DA has the advantages of fast analysis and cost-effectiveness, while a regular electrode probe is r...
Intracortical microelectrodes are a critical component of brain-machine interface (BMI) systems. The recording performance of intracortical microelectrodes used for both basic neuroscience research and clinical applications of BMIs decreases over tim...
Neural interfaces provide a window for bio-signal modulation and recording with the assistance of neural microelectrodes. However, shrinking the size of electrodes results in high electrochemical impedance and low capacitance, thus limiting the stimu...
Micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) is a good candidate for processing micro-hole arrays, which are critical features of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), diesel injector nozzles, inkjet printheads and turbine blades, etc. In this...
Dopamine (DA), ascorbic acid (AA), and uric acid (UA) are crucial neurochemicals, and their abnormal levels are involved in various neurological disorders. While electrodes for their detection have been developed, achieving the sensitivity required f...
In this work, we report the analysis of the electrochemical detection of electroactive species with band microelectrodes that operate under controlled convection. The study focuses on the determination of the collection efficiency of the analyte as a...
Herein, gold nanoclusters (Au NC) dispersed on gold dendrite (Au DS)-based flexible carbon fibre (AuNC@AuDS|CF) microelectrodes are developed using a one-step electrochemical approach. The as-fabricated AuNC@AuDS|CF microelectrodes work as the prospe...
Thiol-ene based shape memory polymers (SMPs) have been developed for use as intracortical microelectrode substrates. The unique chemistry provides precise control over the mechanical and thermal glass-transition properties. As a result, SMP substrate...
The present paper aims to miniaturize a graphite-epoxy and synthetic zeolite-modified graphite-epoxy composite macroelectrode as a quasi-microelectrode aiming in vitro and also, envisaging in vivo simultaneous electrochemical detection of dopamine (...
Flexible multielectrode arrays with glassy carbon (GC) electrodes and metal interconnection (hybrid MEAs) have shown promising performance in multi-channel neurochemical sensing. A primary challenge faced by hybrid MEAs fabrication is the adhesion of...
High-dispersion polystyrene (PS) microspheres with monodispersity were successfully synthesized by the non-emulsification polymerization method, and three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals of PS microspheres were fabricated by electrophoretic self-a...
Neurotransmitter release is important to study in order to better understand neurological diseases and treatment approaches. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter known to play key roles in the etiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Fast-scan cyclic volta...
Miniaturization plays a critical role in modern microsystem engineering by enabling automation, reducing material consumption, and lowering operational costs. In electrochemical microsystems, thin-film electrodes are widely adopted due to their favor...
Arsenic contamination poses a significant public health risk worldwide, with chronic exposure leading to various health issues. Detecting and monitoring arsenic exposure accurately remains challenging, necessitating the development of sensitive detec...
In this article, a novel approach for selective passivation of three-dimensional pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes via a facile electrochemical polymerization of a non-conductive polymer (polydopamine, PDA) onto the surface of carbon electrodes, follo...
Pyrolytic carbon microelectrodes (PCMEs) are a promising alternative to their conventional metallic counterparts for various applications. Thus, methods for the simple and inexpensive patterning of PCMEs are highly sought after. Here, we demonstrate...
Carbon fiber microelectrode (CFME) has been extensively applied in the biosensor and chemical sensor domains. In order to improve the electrochemical activity and sensitivity of the CFME, a new CFME modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs), denoted as C...
In situ electrochemical imaging of corrosion reactions is performed directly by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) in generation-collection mode. This method involves redox conversion of soluble metal ions at the amperometric tip for quantifi...
In recent decades, microelectrodes have been widely used in neuroscience to understand the mechanisms behind brain functions, as well as the relationship between neural activity and behavior, perception and cognition. However, the recording of neuron...
This article presents for the first time a new working electrode with a long service life— the bismuth-plated array of carbon composite microelectrodes for the simple, fast and sensitive determination of quercetin by adsorptive stripping voltam...
Background/Objectives: Outpatient surgery enhances patient comfort while reduces surgical wait times and healthcare costs compared to inpatient procedures. This study evaluates the individual feasibility of performing transoral trans muscular cordect...
In this paper, a novel aptamer-modified nitrogen-doped graphene microelectrode (Apt-Au-N-RGOF) was fabricated and used to specifically identify and detect dopamine (DA). During the synthetic process, gold nanoparticles were loaded onto the active sit...
In this work, the dielectrophoretic force (FDEP) response of Aluminium Microelectrode Arrays with tapered profile is investigated through experimental measurements and numerical simulations. A standard CMOS processing technique with a step for the fo...
Neural microelectrode is the important bridge of information exchange between the human body and machines. By recording and transmitting nerve signals with electrodes, people can control the external machines. At the same time, using electrodes to el...
The development, manufacture, modification and subsequent utilisation of sonochemically-formed microelectrode arrays is described for a range of applications. Initial fabrication of the sensing platform utilises ultrasonic ablation of electrochemical...
In this paper, we describe our all-titanium microelectrode array (tMEA) fabrication process and show that uncoated titanium microelectrodes are fully applicable to measuring field potentials (FPs) from neurons and cardiomyocytes. Many novel research...
Three-dimensional (3D) microelectrodes used for processing 3D microstructures in micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) can be readily prepared by laminated object manufacturing (LOM). However, the microelectrode surface always appears with...
Miniaturized flexible microelectrode arrays are desirable for small-area surface electromyography (sEMG) to detect the electrical activity generated by muscles in a specific area of the body. Here, we present a flexible 8-channel microelectrode array...
When using foil queue microelectrodes (FQ-microelectrodes) for micro electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), the processed results of each foil microelectrode (F-microelectrode) can be stacked to construct three-dimensional (3D) microstructures....
In this paper, a novel dual-sided microelectrode array is specially designed and fabricated for a rat Parkinson’s disease (PD) model to study the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation (DBS). The fabricated microelectrode array can stimulate the subtha...
Graphene is one of the new materials which has shown a large impact on the electronic industry due to its versatile properties, such as high specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability, and large spectrum of electrochemica...
Neurotoxic heavy metals, such as Cd2+, pose a significant global health concern due to their increased environmental contamination and subsequent detrimental health hazards they pose to human beings. These metal ions can breach the blood-brain barrie...
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