Ion-Selective Electrodes and Membrane-Based Ion Sensing Devices: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Applications for Other Areas".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 1136

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
Interests: ion-selective electrodes; membrane ion sensing; wearable sensors; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; coulometry

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Guest Editor
1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
2. School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
Interests: electrochemical sensors; nanostructured composite materials; design and development of analytical instrumentation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) with sensitive membranes are economic and efficient electrochemical sensors with the ability to detect multiple ion concentrations, playing an essential role in our daily lives. Due to the increasing demand for clinical, forensic, and environmental analysis, developing in situ, portable, and selective sensors to ensure safe and clean environments, real-time monitoring of personal health, and convenience in daily life is of increasing importance.

The development of membrane materials, especially ionophore-based membranes, and functionalized nanomaterials as sensing membranes broadens the diverse range of applications for ISEs. Utilizing ion-selective membrane materials targeting primary ions and advanced electrode fabrication techniques will expand the scope of research studies on ISEs facilitate further development of disposable paper-based devices, microfluidic developed devices, wearable sensors, nano-sized ion sensors, etc. Signal transduction of ISEs with ion-selective membrane brought about new principles for ISEs. At present, developing ISEs with biodegradable and biocompatible membrane materials is also a challenging task.

Through studies on ISEs that encompass topics such as membrane material developments and the application of sensors in daily life, the aim of this Special Issue is to collate novel research that displays the diversity of ISEs and highlights the advances and current development of fields related to ISEs. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:  

  • New concepts/readouts for ISEs with ion-selective membranes;
  • Fundamentals and modeling studies of membrane ion sensing;
  • Development of ionophore-based membranes;
  • Functionalization of nanomaterials as sensing membranes;
  • Development of biodegradable and biocompatible membrane materials;
  • Advances of ISEs in ocean monitoring;
  • Application of ISEs in wearable sensors;
  • Application of ISEs in environmental analysis;
  • Application of nano/micro-electrodes for ion sensing.

For this Special Issue, we welcome the submission of both original research papers and review articles.

Dr. Tingting Han
Prof. Dr. Li Niu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • membrane materials
  • solid-contact ion-selective electrodes
  • ionophore-based membrane
  • new signal transduction proposal
  • wearable sensors
  • environmental analysis
  • ion sensing devices

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2301 KB  
Article
Capacitive Coulometric Readout of Polyaniline Membrane-Based pH Sensors in Combination with Cyclic Voltammetry and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
by Tingting Han, Tao Song, Dongxue Han and Li Niu
Membranes 2025, 15(10), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15100320 - 17 Oct 2025
Viewed by 783
Abstract
In this study, a polyaniline (PANI)-based solid-contact pH sensor was fabricated, and its amperometric and coulometric response was investigated both without and in series with capacitors (10 and 47 µF). The conducting polymer PANI membrane was electropolymerized on the electrode surface to serve [...] Read more.
In this study, a polyaniline (PANI)-based solid-contact pH sensor was fabricated, and its amperometric and coulometric response was investigated both without and in series with capacitors (10 and 47 µF). The conducting polymer PANI membrane was electropolymerized on the electrode surface to serve as an ion-to-electron transducer. The amperometric and coulometric performance of the PANI-based sensor in series with a capacitor (10 µF) was reduced to the order of seconds, and the cumulated charge Q was standardized, significantly minimizing the influence of applied potential. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, constant potential coulometry, and cyclic voltammetry demonstrated that a larger low-frequency capacitance corresponds to a greater cumulated charge, reflecting the doping level of the electropolymerized PANI membrane. The growth of the PANI membrane, represented by charge Q, increased exponentially with the number of polymerization cycles, following a power-law relationship with exponents (α) of 2.14 (1–25 cycles) and 2.97 (30–100 cycles), consistent with a transition from a layered (10 cycles) to a porous morphology (50 cycles). Furthermore, a linear dependence of cumulated charge Q on pH was observed, demonstrating that capacitive coulometric readout offers a promising and practical approach for wearable ion sensors. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 1697 KB  
Review
Advances in Reference Membranes for Potentiometric Sensing Applications
by Martyna Drużyńska, Nikola Lenar and Beata Paczosa-Bator
Membranes 2025, 15(12), 376; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes15120376 (registering DOI) - 6 Dec 2025
Abstract
Accurate potentiometric sensing critically depends on the stability and reproducibility of the reference electrode potential. Conventional liquid-filled Ag/AgCl or calomel electrodes, though well-established, are poorly compatible with miniaturized, portable, or long-term in situ sensing devices due to electrolyte leakage, junction potential instability, and [...] Read more.
Accurate potentiometric sensing critically depends on the stability and reproducibility of the reference electrode potential. Conventional liquid-filled Ag/AgCl or calomel electrodes, though well-established, are poorly compatible with miniaturized, portable, or long-term in situ sensing devices due to electrolyte leakage, junction potential instability, and maintenance requirements. Recent advances in solid-state and membrane-based reference electrodes offer a promising alternative by eliminating the liquid junction while maintaining stable and well-defined potential. This review summarizes the advancements in polymer-based and composite reference membranes, focusing on material strategies, stabilization mechanisms, and integration approaches. Emphasis is placed on ionic-liquid-doped membranes, conducting polymers, lipophilic salts, and carbon nanomaterials as functional components enhancing interfacial stability and charge transfer. The performances of various architectures, solid-contact, liquid-junction-free, and quasi-reference systems, are compared in terms of potential drift, matrix resistance, biocompatibility, and manufacturability. Furthermore, recent developments in printed, microfluidic, and wearable potentiometric platforms demonstrate how reference membrane innovations enable reliable operation in compact, low-cost, and flexible analytical systems. The review outlines current trends, challenges, and future directions toward universal, miniaturized, and leak-free reference electrodes suitable for innovative sensing technologies. Full article
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