The extracellular space (ECS or apoplast) is the plant cell compartment external to the plasma membrane, which includes the cell walls, the intercellular space and the apoplastic fluid (APF). The present review is focused on APF proteomics papers and...
CXCL1 is one of the most important chemokines, part of a group of chemotactic cytokines involved in the development of many inflammatory diseases. It activates CXCR2 and, at high levels, CXCR1. The expression of CXCL1 is elevated in inflammatory reac...
Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) lead to the devastating rice bacterial diseases and have a very close genetic relationship. There are tissue-specificity differences between Xoo and Xoc, i.e., Xoo only pr...
Galactomannans are a typical reserve polysaccharide in the endosperm of leguminous seeds; they turn the endosperm hard when dry and gelatinous and swollen when hydrated. Although galactomannans of several species have been biochemically characterized...
In animals, the extracellular matrix (ECM) forms a three-dimensional network occupying the intercellular spaces (interstitial matrix) or serving as physical and biochemical support for cells and tissues (basement membrane) [...]
Senear–Usher syndrome, or pemphigus erythematosus (PE), is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by the coexistence of features from both lupus erythematosus (LE) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF). We describe a 41-year-old patient initially diag...
In skin, although the extracellular matrix (ECM) is highly developed in dermis and hypodermis, discrete intercellular spaces between cells of the living epidermal layers are also filled with ECM components. Herein, we review knowledge about structure...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important mediator of intercellular communication and the regulation of processes occurring in cells and tissues. The processes of EVs secretion by cells into the extracellular space (ECS) leads to their interactio...
Over the past decade, gut microbiota dysbiosis has been linked to many health disorders; however, the detailed mechanism of this correlation remains unclear. Gut microbiota can communicate with the host through immunological or metabolic signalling....
Understanding the permeation of drugs through the intercellular lipid matrix of the stratum corneum layer of skin is crucial for effective transdermal delivery. Molecular dynamics simulations can provide molecular insights into the permeation process...
Lipids are essential for the skin, playing a crucial role in forming plasma membranes and maintaining the skin’s permeability barrier and hydration. Intercellular lipids fill the spaces between corneocytes and contribute to the barrier function...
The transcytosis of lipids through enterocytes occurs through the delivery of lipid micelles to the microvilli of enterocytes, consumption of lipid derivates by the apical plasma membrane (PM) and then their delivery to the membrane of the smooth ER...
Successful plant reproduction and fruit formation depend on adequate pollen and pistil development, and pollen–pistil interactions. In Nicotiana tabacum, pollen tubes grow through the intercellular spaces of pistil-specialized tissues, stigmati...
Numerous Aspergillus fumigatus (Af) airborne spores are inhaled daily by humans and animals due to their ubiquitous presence. The interaction between the spores and the respiratory epithelium, as well as its impact on the epithelial barrier function,...
Fruit softening, an irreversible ripening process that causes postharvest losses, is mainly attributed to cell wall disassembly, rendering cell-wall-modifying genes critical targets for genetic improvement. However, the molecular mechanism by which e...
Connexins and integrins, the two structurally and functionally distinct families of transmembrane proteins, have been shown to be inter-connected by various modes of cross-talk in cells, such as direct physical coupling via lateral contact, indirect...
Plant factories and high-tech greenhouses offer the opportunity to modulate plant growth, morphology and qualitative content through the management of artificial light (intensity, photoperiod and spectrum). In this study, three Light Emitting Diode (...
Firmness is an important quality indicator of blueberries. Firmness loss (or softening) of postharvest blueberries has posed a challenge in its shelf-life quality control and can be delineated with its microstructural changes. To investigate spatial...
Water and salt stresses reduce net CO2 assimilation (AN) primarily by restricting stomatal conductance (gs) and mesophyll conductance (gm), while altering leaf structure, anatomy, and cell wall composition. Although some reports observed relationship...
Peptidases generate bioactive peptides that can regulate cell signaling and mediate intercellular communication. While the processing of peptide precursors is initiated intracellularly, some modifications by peptidases may be conducted extracellularl...
Marine phytoplankton vary widely in size across taxa, and in cell suspension densities across habitats and growth states. Cell suspension density and total biovolume determine the bulk influence of a phytoplankton community upon its environment. Cell...
The effects of chemical composition and solidification rate on the solidification behavior of high-Cr white irons were investigated through directional solidification. Increasing the solidification rate in hypoeutectic alloys caused finer dendrite-ar...
Faithful cell division is crucial for successful proliferation, differentiation, and development of cells, tissue homeostasis, and preservation of genomic integrity. Cytokinesis is a terminal stage of cell division, leaving two genetically identical...
In this study, we have established that unique composite particles (MLNCs) carried siRNA on a gold core and were covered with a lipid shell. MLNCs successfully delivered siRNa into cells in the presence of serum. We developed the photofixation method...
Olive (Olea europeae L.) salinity stress induces responses at morphological, physiological and molecular levels, affecting plant productivity. Four olive cultivars with differential tolerance to salt were grown under saline conditions in long barrels...
To date, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is included in routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols for several cancers. The real additive role of DWI lies in the “functional” information obtained by probing the free diffusivity of water mole...
As a cellular interface between the blood and tissues, the endothelial cell (EC) monolayer is involved in the control of key functions including vascular tone, permeability and homeostasis, leucocyte trafficking and hemostasis. EC regulatory function...
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is one of the most comprehensive products used as insulation materials in power equipment. How to improve its dielectric properties by doping inorganic particles in LDPE has always been the focus of many researchers. I...
Cell-to-cell communication must occur through molecular transport in the intercellular fluid space. Nanoparticles, such as exosomes, diffuse or move more slowly in fluids than small molecules. To find a microfluidic technology for real-time exosome e...
Formic acid is reported to act as a food preservative and feed additive, but its effects on controlling postharvest physiological deterioration (PPD) development in cassava are unclear. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of different concen...
We have developed a computer model of human cardiac ventricular myocyte (CVM), including t-tubular and cleft spaces with the aim of evaluating the impact of accumulation-depletion of ions in restricted extracellular spaces on transmembrane ion transp...
In apricots and other stonefruit, chilling injury (CI) symptoms like mealiness, rubberiness, and gel formation are associated with cell wall properties. Apricots were stored at 0 °C for 5 weeks and ripened at 20 °C to induce CI and compared w...
The tight junction (TJ) is an intercellular sealing component found in epithelial and endothelial tissues that regulates the passage of solutes across the paracellular space. Research examining the biology of TJs has revealed that they are complex bi...
The apoplast comprises the intercellular space, the cell walls, and the xylem. Important functions for the plant, such as nutrient and water transport, cellulose synthesis, and the synthesis of molecules involved in plant defense against both biotic...
Fusarium graminearum, a highly destructive fungal pathogen, poses a major threat to wheat production. The apoplast is an important space for plant–pathogen interactions. However, no studies have been reported on the secretory proteins of F. gra...
Monostroma nitidum is a green single-cell layered algae that grows on the southwest coast of Japan. It is often used for salad ingredients, boiled tsukudani, soups, etc., due to its health benefits. M. nitidum is composed of many cell aggregates, and...
Vacuum impregnation is a non-destructive method of introducing a solution with a specific composition to the porous matrices of fruit and vegetables. Mass transfer in this process is a result of mechanically induced differences in pressure. Vacuum im...
The neurovascular unit (NVU) concept denotes cells and their communication mechanisms that autoregulate blood supply in the brain parenchyma. Over the past two decades, it has become clear that besides its primary function, NVU is involved in many im...
With the recent advances in medicine, human life expectancy is increasing; however, the extra years of life are not necessarily spent in good health or free from disability, resulting in a significantly higher incidence of age-associated pathologies....
Air space-type variegation is the most diverse among the species of known variegated leaf plants and is caused by conspicuous intercellular spaces between the epidermal and palisade cells and among the palisade cells at non-green areas. Trifolium pra...
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Although urine cytology and cystoscopy are current standards for BC diagnosis, both have limited sensitivity to detect low-grade and small tumors. Moreover, effective prognos...
Adipose tissue dysfunction is strongly associated with obesity and its metabolic complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. It is well established that lipid-overloaded adipose tissue produces a large range of secreted molecul...
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) plays pivotal roles in synaptic and neuronal functioning by sealing the space between adjacent microvascular endothelial cells. BBB breakdown is present in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer...
Many aspects of intercellular communication are mediated through “sending” and “receiving” packets of information via the secretion and subsequent receptor-mediated detection of biomolecular species including cytokines, chemokines, and even metabolit...
Fifty-two years have passed since President Nixon launched the “War on Cancer”. Despite unparalleled efforts and funds allocated worldwide, the outlined goals were not achieved because cancer treatment approaches such as chemotherapy, rad...
Stress relaxation tests on cylindrical samples of the Bellarosa potato cultivar were conducted over a wide range of deformation velocities, from 0.0002 m/s to 1.5 m/s. A three-element Maxwell model was applied to describe the response of potato tissu...
The impregnation of low-molecular-weight monomers prior to polymerize them inside the wood may be an efficient way to improve some important wood properties. This work aimed to determine some technological properties of wood-based composites (WPC) pr...
Plant cell walls play an important role in shaping the defense strategies of plants. This research demonstrates the influence of two differentiators: the lifestyle and properties of the Trichoderma species on cell wall changes in common wheat seedlin...
The genus Pseudomonas includes some of the most problematic and studied foliar bacterial pathogens. Generally, in a successful disease cycle there is an initial epiphytic lifestyle on the leaf surface and a subsequent aggressive endophytic stage insi...
Plant-associated fungi (endophytic fungi) are a biodiversity-rich group of microorganisms that are normally found asymptomatically within plant tissues or in the intercellular spaces. Endophytic fungi promote the growth of host plants by directly pro...
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