Droughts are natural disasters with a significant impact on the economy and social life. Prolonged droughts can cause even more damage than floods. The novelty of this work lies in the definition of a synthetic drought hydrograph (SDH) which can be d...
This study proposes a unified analytical framework for plotting design flood hydrographs (DFH) based on four characteristic parameters: total duration (Tt), time to peak (Tp), flood volume (W), and peak discharge (Qp) associated with specific exceeda...
Machine learning (soft) methods have a wide range of applications in many disciplines, including hydrology. The first application of these methods in hydrology started in the 1990s and have since been extensively employed. Flood hydrograph prediction...
The use of probability distribution functions in deriving synthetic hydrographs has become a robust method for modeling the response of watersheds to precipitation events. This approach leverages statistical distributions to capture the temporal stru...
The general unit hydrograph (GUH), recently established by Guo, represents the most advanced hydrograph model today, but how to implement it with hydrologic data is another story. In this work, an effective initial value-based method for estimating t...
Landslide-dam breaching can generate short-lived, high-magnitude outburst floods, but breach hydrograph prediction remains limited by uncertainty in dam material properties. This review synthesises experimental, field, and modelling evidence through...
For physical model tests, the time-varying characteristics of tidal currents are often simplified by a hydrograph following a shape of a unidirectional current or by resolving the tidal velocity signal into discrete steps of constant flow velocity. T...
An oscillatory S-curve causes unexpected fluctuations in a unit hydrograph (UH) of desired duration or an instantaneous UH (IUH) that may affect the constraints for hydrologic stability. On the other hand, the Savitzky–Golay smoothing and differentia...
Different approaches for flow-direction determination have been continuously proposed to perform a more realistic simulation of surface runoff, yet the diversity of the existing methods causes significant differences in the extractions of geomorphic...
Himalayan glaciers are the major source of fresh water supply to the Himalayan Rivers, which support the livelihoods of more than a billion people living in the downstream region. However, in the face of recent climate change, these glaciers might be...
The main outlets of karst systems are springs, the hydrographs of which are largely affected by flow processes in the unsaturated zone. These processes differ between the epikarst and transmission zone on the one hand and the matrix and conduit on th...
It is widely accepted that spring hydrographs are an effective tool for evaluating the internal structure of karst aquifers because they depict the response of the whole aquifer to recharge events. The spring hydrograph is affected by various factors...
Flood data on a high temporal scale are required for the design of hydraulic structures, flood risk assessment, flood protection, and reservoir operations. Such flood data are typically generated using rainfall-runoff models through an accurate calib...
Understanding of runoff generation mechanisms affects the ability to manage streamflow quantity and quality issues. Concerning the baseflow in particular, measurements are almost never available and hydrograph separation is generally applied to chara...
In this study, a synthetic modeling approach is proposed to quantify the effect of the amount and direction of the exchange flow on the karstic spring discharge fluctuations under different hydrologic conditions corresponding to high and low flow con...
Karst aquifers produce the world’s largest springs and supply the water resources to about a quarter of the global population while being influenced by high-intensity human activities. Knowledge about spring discharge hydrographs driven by the...
The aim of the study was to analyze the possibility of using selected rainfall-runoff models to determine the design hydrograph and the related peak flow in a mountainous catchment. The basis for the study was the observed series of hydrometeorologic...
The movement of water flow usually has history and path dependence. Fractional calculus is very suitable for describing the process with memory and hereditary properties. In this study, the order of the differential equation in the Nash confluence sy...
Implementing real-time prediction and warning systems is an effective approach for mitigating flash flood disasters. However, there is still a challenge in improving the accuracy and reliability of flood prediction models. This study develops a hydro...
The hydrological response of a watershed is strongly influenced by the spatiotemporal dynamics of rainfall. Rainfall events of similar magnitude can produce markedly different flood processes due to variations in the spatiotemporal patterns of rainfa...
The Sor and Gebba watershed has undergone several natural and anthropogenic changes, as evidenced by the physical alterations and artificial mismanagement of water resources in the watershed. These situations alter the underground storage aquifer con...
In this study, the time–area curve of an ellipse is analytically derived by considering flow velocities within both channel and hillslope. The Clark IUH is also derived analytically by solving the continuity equation with the input of the derived tim...
Sediment supply plays an essential role in river morphology. However, the specific impact of sediment supply on river morphology is not apparent. According to the hydrograph boundary layer (HBL) concept, upstream riverbed changes caused by the imbala...
Typhoon storm and plum rain are two typical rainfall types in the lower regions of the Yangtze River Basin, which frequently cause flood disasters in China. New information in stable water isotopes offers the opportunity to advance understanding of r...
The Mississippi River Delta Plain has undergone substantial land loss caused by subsidence, relative sea-level rise, and loss of connectivity to the Mississippi River. Many restoration projects rely on diversions from the Mississippi River, but uncer...
Karst watersheds are often treated as non-karst watersheds that can lead to several hazards. Hence, how do karst watersheds differ from non-karst watersheds and what are the effects of karstification on groundwater availability and quality? In this s...
Two-component hydrograph separation using oxygen-18 concentrations was conducted at a sediment runoff observation weir installed in a small subcatchment of a forested gneiss catchment in Japan. The mean soil thickness of this catchment is 7.27 m, whi...
Estimating design hydrographs in small and ungauged basins remains a significant challenge, primarily due to limited hydrometeorological data and the operational complexity of advanced modelling tools. This study presents an interactive digital twin...
The hydrographic survey is an important technology for improving maritime safety, especially in coastal waters. The accuracy of nautical charts and navigation publications is known to be directly related to hydrographic survey data. Therefore, this p...
Reviewing hydrographic data for nautical charting is still a predominately manual process, performed by experienced analysts and based on directives developed over the years by the hydrographic office of interest. With the primary intent to increase...
Flood forecasting often depends on upstream hydrographs that are unavailable, incomplete, or unreliable. Reverse Flood Routing (RFR) addresses this gap by reconstructing upstream inflows from downstream observations, yet its operational use remains l...
Optimal hydrograph separation (OHS) uses a two-parameter recursive digital filter that applies specific conductance mass-balance constraints to estimate the base flow contribution to total streamflow at stream gages where discharge and specific condu...
This study intends to establish the main relations between topographic characteristics of the watershed and the main parameters of the unit hydrograph measured at the outlet. It looks to remove the subjectivity found in traditional synthetic methods...
Peak flows values (Q) and hydrograph volumes (V) are obtained from a selected family of historical flood events (period 1957–2017), for two neighboring mountain catchments located in the Ebro river basin, Spain: rivers Ésera and Is&aacut...
The main objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the Network Real-time Kinematic (NRTK) technique in hydrographic surveying and check whether it meets the International Hydrography Organization (IHO) minimum bathymetry standards...
Rainfall-based methods have been employed for computing hydrographs in urban drainage systems. However, their implementation often introduces uncertainty in various aspects, such as the selection of a unit hydrograph, the choice of abstraction method...
Hydrographic surveys, in accordance with the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) S-44 standard, can be carried out in the following five orders: Exclusive, Special, 1a, 1b and 2, for which minimum accuracy requirements for the applied posit...
Combining misaligned spatial data from different sources complicates spatial analysis and creation of maps. Conflation is a process that solves the misalignment problem through spatial adjustment or attribute transfer between similar features in two...
Engineering dam projects benefit society, including hydropower, water supply, agriculture, and flood control. During the planning stage, it is crucial to calculate extreme hydrographs associated with different return periods for spillways and diversi...
This paper presents a geographic information system (GIS) model that the Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) developed to prioritize hydrographic survey and charting at a national scale. Canada has the largest coastline in the world; determining its...
Maritime unmanned systems (MUS) have gained widespread usage in a diverse range of hydrographic survey activities, including harbor/port surveys, beach and coastline monitoring, environmental assessment, and military operations. The present article e...
A new trend in recent years for hydrographic measurement in water bodies is the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). In the process of navigation by USVs, it is particularly important to control position precisely on the measuring profile. Precis...
The basic requirement for ship voyage planning is to determine a safe route while meeting certain safety and economic criteria. ECDIS are a commonly used tool for this purpose. Route planning is normally accomplished by setting route cross track limi...
Hydrographic survey or seabed mapping plays an important role in achieving better maritime safety, especially in coastal waters. Due to advances in survey technologies, it becomes important to choose well-suited technology for a specific area. Moreov...
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s National Ocean Service uses observations, hydrodynamic models and interpolation techniques to develop many of its products and services. We examine how two projects, computation of tidal datums for ve...
The Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) is a marine navigation system operating at frequencies of 283.5–325 kHz, which is now the primary method for locating vessels in coastal shipping, as well as hydrography and mapping systems worl...
A traditional shore-based discrete point chart datum (CD) that represents the lowest astronomical tide (LAT) in Saudi Arabia using tide gauge data is utilized to reduce the observed depth collected from hydrographic surveying test to CD-referenced de...
Approximately 1000 Canadian Hydrographic Service (CHS) charts cover Canada’s oceans and navigable waters. Many charts use information collected with techniques that predate the more advanced technologies available to Hydrographic Offices (HOs)...
Flood hazard mapping requires knowledge of peak flow as well as flood wave volume and shape, usually represented as a design flood hydrograph (DFH). Statistical approaches for DFH development include nonparametric and parametric methods. The former a...
Surface electromyography (sEMG) monitoring has recently inspired new applications in the field of patient diagnose, rehabilitation therapy, man–machine–interface and prosthesis control. However, conventional wet electrodes for sEMG record...
of 23