76 Results Found

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder which has become a major risk to the health of humankind, as its global prevalence is increasing rapidly. Currently available treatment options in modern medicine have several adverse effects. Th...

A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects of integrating real-time continuous glucose monitor (rtCGM) into a low glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) dietary intervention on dietary intake, body composition and specific metabolic p...

Studies on energy:protein ratio in ruminants are constrained by rumen fermentation since it governs nutrient metabolism and the ratio of energy:protein yielding nutrients available for absorption. By circumventing rumen fermentation, the total intrag...

Self-monitoring of blood glucose forms an important part of the management of diabetes and the prevention of hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia. Current glucose monitoring methods either use needle-prick enzymatic glucose-meters or subcutaneous continu...

Carbohydrate availability in the form of muscle and liver glycogen is an important determinant of performance during prolonged bouts of moderate- to high-intensity exercise. Therefore, when effective endurance performance is an objective on multiple...

The 5-year survival rate for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common head and neck cancers, has not improved in the last 20 years. Poor prognosis of OSCC is the result of failure in early and precise diagnosis. Metabolic reprogram...

The development, manufacture, modification and subsequent utilisation of sonochemically-formed microelectrode arrays is described for a range of applications. Initial fabrication of the sensing platform utilises ultrasonic ablation of electrochemical...

Fumaric acid is widely used in the food and beverage, pharmaceutical and polyester resin industries. Rhizopus oryzae is the most successful microorganism at excreting fumaric acid compared to all known natural and genetically modified organisms. It h...

We report the microfabrication and characterization of gold microband electrodes on silicon using standard microfabrication methods, i.e., lithography and etching techniques. A two-step electrodeposition process was carried out using the on-chip plat...

Cassava is a major starch crop in Africa, generating substantial amounts of solid (peels and fibres) and liquid (process press water) residues that remain underutilised, particularly in smallholder and semi-industrial processing units. In Mozambique,...

Characterisation and evaluation of soil bacteria were conducted in order to select the most potent strains that participate in the degradation of cellulose in unique agroecosystem and climatic conditions. Cellulolytic activity of soil bacteria was es...

Mimusops zeyheri Sond. And Aloe marlothii A.Berger are used traditionally in South Africa to manage many diseases, including diabetes mellitus. The mechanism through which these extracts exert blood glucose lowering is not well understood or reported...

In this work, a novel sustainable approach was proposed for the integral valorisation of Arctium lappa (burdock) seeds and roots. Firstly, a preliminary recovery of bioactive compounds, including unsaturated fatty acids, was performed. Then, simple s...

Postprandial glucose excursions are postulated to increase the risk for diabetes complications via the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The soluble receptor of AGEs (sRAGE) likely acts as a decoy receptor, mopping up AGEs, dimini...

Epidemiological evidence indicates an inverse association between nut consumption and obesity, inflammation, hyperlipidaemia and glucose intolerance. We investigated effects of high oleic peanut consumption vs. a nut free diet on adiposity and cardio...

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a common commensal of collagen-rich regions of the body, such as the skin, but also represents a threat to patients with medical implants (joints and heart), and to preterm babies. Far less studied than Staphylococcus au...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and related complications continue to exert a significant burden on health care systems globally. Although conventional pharmacological therapies are beneficial in the management of this metabolic condition, it is still necessa...

Formate is one of the key compounds of the microbial carbon and/or energy metabolism. It owes a significant contribution to various anaerobic syntrophic associations, and may become one of the energy storage compounds of modern energy biotechnology....

Some respiratory viruses, such as Human Rhinovirus, SARS-CoV-2, and Enterovirus D-68 (EV-D68), share the feature of hijacking host lipids in order to generate specialised replication organelles (ROs) with unique lipid compositions to enable viral rep...

Scientific advances in biosensor technology are leading to the potential of wearable biosensors for salivary biomarker detection. This review aims to identify the current status of intraoral biosensor technology that can be used to monitor systemic d...

An economically viable production of second-generation bioethanol by recombinant xylose-fermenting Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires higher xylose fermentation rates and improved glucose–xylose co-consumption. Moreover, xylose-fermenting S. cer...

Prediabetes can be defined by the presence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) to identify individuals at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D). The World Health Orga...

Eccentric contraction can easily cause muscle damage and an inflammatory response, which reduces the efficiency of muscle contraction. Resveratrol causes anti-inflammatory effects in muscles, accelerates muscle repair, and promotes exercise performan...

The current work investigates the capability of a tailored multivariate curve resolution–alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) algorithm to analyse glucose, phosphate, ammonium and acetate dynamics simultaneously in an E. coli BL21 fed-batch fermentati...

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Radiotherapy remains one of the first-line treatments in localised disease and may be used as monotherapy or in combination with other treatments such as androgen deprivati...

Xylanase is an essential industrial enzyme for degrading plant biomass, pulp and paper, textiles, bio-scouring, food, animal feed, biorefinery, chemicals, and pharmaceutical industries. Despite its significant industrial importance, the extensive app...

Pineapples generate large amounts of agricultural wastes during their production. To reduce environmental impacts due to poor handling of these wastes, the underutilised pineapple plant stem (PPS), which has a high starch content, can be explored for...

This study investigated changes in the microbial growth and chemical characteristics of coconut water kefir (CWK) during fermentation. The carbohydrate profile, in terms of glucose and sucrose consumption, production of carboxylic acids, and changes...

Diabetes is a driver of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and fibrosis. We determine current practices in examining liver fibrosis in people with diabetes and record prevalence levels in primary and secondary care. We extracted HbA1c results...

Fumaric acid is a platform chemical with many applications in bio-based chemical and polymer production. Fungal cell morphology is an important factor that affects fumaric acid production via fermentation. In the present study, pellet and dispersed m...

Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a highly prevalent disorder of pregnancy which portends a high risk for future type 2 diabetes. Limited evidence indicates lifestyle intervention prevents the development of diabetes, but most previously studied interven...

The rs9939609 polymorphism of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene has been associated with obesity, and studies have also shown that environmental/lifestyle interaction such as dietary intake might mediate this effect. The current study in...

Pharmaceuticals, such as the antibiotic erythromycin, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter (SGLT1 & SGTL2) inhibitors such as Bexagliflozin (diabetes) and Sotagliflozin (heart disease), are often sugar-decorated (glycosylated). Glycosylation...

Background/Objectives: Adverse pregnancy outcomes correlate with blood glucose levels in women with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). There is a gap between the glycaemic targets and the blood glucose control achieved in pregnancy. This study aimed to investig...

This study investigates the physiochemical properties, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Australian stingless bee honey blends from two bee species, Tetragonula carbonaria and Tetragonula hockingsi, harvested in Burpengary East, Queen...

The gastrointestinal tract can assess the nutrient composition of ingested food. The nutrient-sensing mechanisms in specialised epithelial cells lining the gastrointestinal tract, the enteroendocrine cells, trigger the release of gut hormones that pr...

Kinetic models for bioethanol production from waste sorghum leaves by Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743 are presented. Fermentation processes were carried out at varied initial glucose concentrations (12.5–30.0 g/L). Experimental data on cell growth an...

In piglets, it is observed that early weaning can lead to poor weight gain due to an underdeveloped gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which is unsuitable for an efficient absorption of nutrients. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as butyrate have demon...

Carbohydrate (CHO) ingestion during exercise lasting less than three hours improves endurance exercise performance but there is still debate about the optimal dose. We utilised stable isotopes and blood metabolite profiles to further examine metaboli...

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product of the beer brewing process. It has a huge potential as a feedstock for bio-based manufacturing processes to produce high-value bio-products, biofuels, and platform chemicals. For the valorisation of...

Background: To improve hypoglycaemia management in primary care, more insight is needed into the opportunities to screen for hypoglycaemia risk and subsequent treatment modification using routinely available data. Our primary aim was to assess the nu...

A Chitosan is a copolymer of N-acetyl-D-glucose amine and D-glucose amine that can be easily produced. It is a polymer that is widely utilized to create nanoparticles (NPs) with specific properties for applications in a wide range of human activities...

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising globally and this disease is proposed to be the next pandemic after COVID-19. Although the cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus is unknown, it is believed to involve a complex array of genetic defects...

Exercise intensity affects many potential postprandial responses, but there is limited information on the influence of exercise modality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if the nature of exercise at two different intensities would...

The study utilised a pasture grazing based, voluntary traffic automatic milking system to investigate milk production of cows fed a pasture-based diet and supplemented with a pellet formulated with vs. without rumen-protected lysine and methionine (R...

Type 1 diabetes is a chronic illness in which the native beta (β)-cell population responsible for insulin release has been the subject of autoimmune destruction. This condition requires patients to frequently measure their blood glucose concentr...

A new strain of bacteria producing cellulose was isolated from Kombucha and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii, named SI1. In static conditions, the strain synthesises bacterial nanocellulose with an improved ability to stretch. In this study, u...

Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides life-saving nutritional support in situations where caloric supply via the enteral route cannot cover the necessary needs of the organism. However, it does have serious adverse effects, including parenteral nutritio...

The symptoms of foodborne illness caused by Bacillus cereus often go unreported, complicating the effectiveness of conventional chemical and physical methods used to inhibit its growth in food production. This challenge, combined with the increasing...

The aim of the study was to determine the acute effects of single-whole-body vibration (WBV) on resting metabolic rate (RMR) and carbohydrate–lipid profile of blood in young, healthy women. The participants, in a randomised controlled crossover...