Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Subjects and Methods
2.1. Subjects
2.2. Study Protocol
2.3. Test Product
Nutrient | Amount Per 100 g * | Nutrient | Amount Per 100 g |
---|---|---|---|
Energy (kJ) | 2376 | Fibre (g) | 8.5 |
MUFA (oleic) (g) | 38 | Vitamin E (mg) | 8.3 |
PUFA (linoleic) (g) | 2 | Folate (μg) | 240 |
SFA (palmitic) (g) | 3 | Magnesium (mg) | 168 |
Protein (g) | 26 | Potassium (mg) | 705 |
Arginine (g) | 3 | Iron (mg) | 4.6 |
Resveratrol (mg) | 0.2 | Zinc (mg) | 3.3 |
2.4. Anthropometric Measures
2.5. Body Composition
2.6. Blood Sampling
2.7. Nutrient Intake and Physical Activity Measurements
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Subjects
3.2. Nutrient Intake and Energy Balance
3.3. Anthropometric Measures and Body Composition
Nutrient Intake | Baseline (SD) | Peanut Diet (SD) | Control Diet (SD) | Difference Peanut-Control (SEM) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Protein (g) | 95.8 (31.1) | 104.2 (27.4) | 95.2 (25.9) | 8.9 (2.7) | 0.005 |
Carbohydrate (g) | 221.2 (61.9) | 202.0 (47.5) | 206.4 (52.7) | −4.3 (4.7) | 0.630 |
Total fat (g) | 68.3 (23.4) | 93.4 (20.7) | 71.0 (20.7) | 22.7 (2.4) | <0.001 |
MUFA (g) | 25.6 (8.3) | 47.5 (11.3) | 25.2 (7.7) | 22.3 (1.2) | <0.001 |
PUFA (g) | 10.1 (4.1) | 11.2 (3.3) | 9.8 (3.3) | 1.5 (0.4) | <0.001 |
SFA (g) | 26.8 (8.4) | 31.8 (8.7) | 29.6 (9.7) | 2.2 (0.9) | 0.141 |
Alcohol (g) | 7.5 (7.1) | 8.6 (8.9) | 9.6 (10.1) | −1.1 (14.4) | 0.454 |
Fibre (g) | 27.2 (7.9) | 27.0 (6.9) | 23.4 (7.0) | 3.5 (0.6) | <0.001 |
Baseline (SD) | 6 Week Peanut (SD) | 6 Week Control (SD) | Peanut-Control (SEM) | p Value | 12 Week Peanut (SD) | 12 Week Control (SD) | Peanut-Control (SEM) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Daily energy intake (kJ) | 8253 (2061) | 9004 (2117) | 8262 (1925) | 1137 (317) | <0.001 | 9227 (1800) | 8292 (1828) | 617 (371) | <0.001 |
Daily PA energy expenditure (kJ) | 3801 (807) | 3628 (640) | 3877 (1128) | −411 (261) | 0.520 | 3879 (965) | 3689 (698) | −79 (232) | 0.940 |
Body mass per kJ consumed (g/kJ) | 11.4 (4.2) | 10.3 (2.6) | 11.3 (3.2) | −1.0 (0.3) | <0.001 | 9.7 (1.9) | 11.0 (2.5) | −1.3 (0.3) | <0.001 |
Body mass (kg) | 87.7 (14.1) | 88.4 (14.1) | 88.0 (14.2) | 0.4 (0.2) | 0.010 | 88.3 (14.3) | 87.8 (14.5) | 0.5 (0.2) | 0.010 |
Waist circumference (cm) | 100.0 (11.0) | 100.3 (11.2) | 100.2 (12.0) | −0.5 (0.3) | 0.590 | 99.8 (11.4) | 99.5 (11.9) | 0.3 (0.3) | 0.780 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 30.6 (4.1) | 30.9 (4.2) | 30.7 (4.1) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.050 | 30.9 (4.2) | 30.6 (4.2) | 0.2 (0.1) | 0.742 |
% body fat | - | - | - | - | - | 38.9 (9.1) | 38.4 (9.3) | 0.3 (0.2) | 0.144 |
Non bone lean mass (g) | - | - | - | - | - | 49174 (1344) | 49268 (1392) | −97.1 (160.2) | 0.611 |
Bone mineral content (g) | - | - | - | - | - | 2999 (668) | 2998 (658) | 1.1 (10.3) | 0.856 |
3.4. Fasting Blood Glucose, Insulin, Lipids and C-Reactive Protein
Measure | Baseline (SD) | 12 Weeks Peanuts (SD) | 12 Weeks Control (SD) | Difference Peanut-Control (SEM) | p Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total chol. (mmol/L) | 5.1 (0.8) | 5.2 (0.8) | 5.1 (0.8) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.662 |
LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.3 (0.7) | 3.6 (0.8) | 3.5 (0.8) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.421 |
HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.3) | 1.4 (0.4) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.190 |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.2 (0.6) | 1.2 (0.7) | 1.3 (0.6) | −0.1 (0.1) | 0.129 |
LDL/HDL | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.6 (0.2) | 2.6 (0.2) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.819 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | 1.8 (2.2) | 2.1 (1.7) | 2.3 (1.9) | −0.3 (0.2) | 0.620 |
Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.5 (0.7) | 5.5 (0.6) | 5.5 (0.5) | 0.0 (0.1) | 0.614 |
Insulin (mU/L) | 7.9 (4.5) | 7.8 (5.4) | 7.9 (5.1) | −0.1 (0.5) | 0.412 |
HOMA IR | 1.1 (0.6) | 1.1 (0.7) | 1.1 (0.6) | 0.1 (0.1) | 0.769 |
HOMA IS | 114.3 (54.5) | 124.2 (58.1) | 119.9 (56.3) | 7.3 (9.0) | 0.701 |
β cell | 83.0 (31.7) | 80.2 (30.4) | 80.4 (32.1) | 1.3 (3.9) | 0.900 |
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Barbour, J.A.; Howe, P.R.C.; Buckley, J.D.; Bryan, J.; Coates, A.M. Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition. Nutrients 2015, 7, 7381-7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095343
Barbour JA, Howe PRC, Buckley JD, Bryan J, Coates AM. Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition. Nutrients. 2015; 7(9):7381-7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095343
Chicago/Turabian StyleBarbour, Jayne A., Peter R. C. Howe, Jonathan D. Buckley, Janet Bryan, and Alison M. Coates. 2015. "Effect of 12 Weeks High Oleic Peanut Consumption on Cardio-Metabolic Risk Factors and Body Composition" Nutrients 7, no. 9: 7381-7398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095343