In the daily operation of regional GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) networks, the formal errors of all stations’ coordinate components are calculated. However, spatiotemporal filtering based on traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA)...
The daily position time series derived by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) contain nonlinear signals which are suitably extracted by using wavelet analysis. Considering formal errors are also provided in daily GNSS solutions, a weighted wave...
A practical formal likelihood function (L) is developed to separate model structure errors and observation errors by the separation of correlated and uncorrelated model residuals. L overcomes the time-consuming problem of likelihood functions propose...
This paper forecasts global mean sea level (GMSL) changes from 2024 to 2100 using weighted singular spectrum analysis (SSA) that considers the formal errors of the previous GMSL time series. The simulation experiments are first carried out to evaluat...
The increasing demand for high-speed, energy-efficient, and miniaturized electronics has led to significant challenges and compromises in the domain of conventional clock-based digital designs, most notably reduced circuit reliability, particularly i...
There are wireless networks in which typically communications are unsafe. Most terrestrial wireless sensor networks belong to this category of networks. Another example of an unsafe communication network is an underwater acoustic sensor network (UWAS...
Error coefficients are ubiquitous in systems. In particular, errors in reasoning verification must be considered regarding safety-critical systems. We present a reasoning method that can be applied to systems described by the polynomial error asserti...
Due to the high correlation between Effective Angular Momentum (EAM) and Length of Day (LOD) data, and the wide application of LOD prediction, this study proposes to combine EAM data with Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) LOD data to obtain a...
This study presents a systematic uncertainty quantification of the two-track InSAR three-dimensional (3D) deformation field of the 2025 Dingri earthquake (Mw 7.1). Using Sentinel-1 ascending and descending track data, a 3D coseismic displacement fiel...
Fisher matrices play an important role in experimental design and in data analysis. Their primary role is to make predictions for the inference of model parameters—both their errors and covariances. In this short review, I outline a number of extensi...
Blockchain technology has attracted more and more attention from academia and industry recently. Ethereum, which uses blockchain technology, is a distributed computing platform and operating system. Smart contracts are small programs deployed to the...
Language models can translate mathematical prose into formal statements and produce machine-checked proofs, and they are increasingly used in finance. Such a proof, however, certifies the model as written, not the model intended. In dynamic finance t...
Electronic document management systems rely on code-redundancy methods that protect the transport and link layers, yet most errors in administrative documents arise at the presentation and application layers, where a document can be syntactically val...
Obligations in the Next-Generation Access Control (NGAC) standard enable the development of security-intensive workflow systems where access privileges evolve over time. However, specifying obligations for dynamic access requirements poses challenges...
The combination of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) may improve the accuracy and precision of estimated coordinates, as well as the convergence time of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) solutions. The key conditions are the correct functional...
The correctness of autonomous driving software is of utmost importance, as incorrect behavior may have catastrophic consequences. Formal model-based engineering techniques can help guarantee correctness and thereby allow the safe deployment of autono...
Metrological traceability is essential for ensuring the accuracy of measurement results and enabling a comparison of results to support decision-making in society. This paper explores a structured approach to modelling traceability chains, focusing o...
Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lightin...
In developing nations, such as Ekiti State, Nigeria, the utilization of remotely sensed data, particularly satellite and UAV imagery, remains significantly underexploited in land administration. This limits multi-resolution imagery’s potential...
Growing empirical evidence reveals that traditional set-theoretic structures cannot in general be applied to cognitive phenomena. This has raised several problems, as illustrated, for example, by probability judgement errors and decision-making (DM)...
Is life physicochemically unique? No. Is life unique? Yes. Life manifests innumerable formalisms that cannot be generated or explained by physicodynamics alone. Life pursues thousands of biofunctional goals, not the least of which is staying alive. N...
Designing provably safe controllers for high-dimensional nonlinear systems with formal guarantees represents a fundamental challenge in control theory. While control barrier functions (CBFs) provide safety certificates through forward invariance, man...
In this paper, we study the (classical) Frobenius problem, namely the problem of finding the largest integer that cannot be represented as a nonnegative integer combination of given, relatively prime, (strictly) positive integers (known as the Froben...
We propose a log analysis framework for test driving of autonomous vehicles. The log of a vehicle is a fundamental source to detect and analyze events during driving. A set of dumped logs are, however, usually mixed and fragmented since they are gene...
The paper proposes a novel formal verification method for a state-based control module of a cyber-physical system. The initial specification in the form of user-friendly UML state machine diagrams is written as an abstract rule-based logical model. T...
As the scale and complexity of safety-critical software continue to grow, it is necessary to ensure safety and reliability to avoid minor errors leading to catastrophic disasters. Meantime, the traditional method, such as testing and simulation alone...
Autonomous components within electric power systems can be successfully specified by interpreted Petri nets. Such a formal specification makes it possible to check some basic properties of the models, such as determinism or deadlock freedom. In this...
Entropy can be defined as the antithesis of well-formed true reports that agree with each other and with the material facts accessible through the experience of one or more competent observers. The abstract convergence (strictly formal, logical agree...
We present an innovative method for quantum two-party cryptography. Our protocol introduces joint measurement and error estimation to improve the security of two-party cryptographic protocols. Our protocol removes the assumption of the attacker&rsquo...
With the development of the Internet, there has been a significant increase in various types of textual information. However, when people engage in the composition of formal texts, they often incorporate their colloquial habits, which can diminish th...
Today, various applications in different domains increasingly rely on high-performance computing (HPC) to accomplish computations swiftly. Integrating one or more programming models alongside the used programming language enhances system parallelism,...
In this paper, the notion of strongly typed language will be borrowed from the field of computer programming to introduce a calculational framework for linear algebra and tensor calculus for the purpose of detecting errors resulting from inherent mis...
A smart contract is the algorithmic description of a contractual transaction protocol that is automatically executed together with the information provided by its parties. It is written in a simplified programming language that is specific to a parti...
To assess the accuracy of satellite monitoring of anthropogenic
This paper studies geometric scene formalization in vision-based educational sensing environments, where textual conditions and geometric diagram images jointly constitute heterogeneous perceptual inputs. The goal is to convert multimodal sensed info...
In this paper, we consider the problem of state-of-charge estimation for rechargeable batteries. Coulomb counting is a well-known method for estimating the state of charge, and it is regarded as accurate as long as the battery capacity and the beginn...
Although the Linux kernel is widely used, its complexity makes errors common and potentially serious. Traditional formal verification methods often have high overhead and rely heavily on manual coding. They typically verify only specific functionalit...
Critical systems, in which failure and malfunction may result in severe human, environmental, and financial damages, are essential components in various sectors and particularly in energy domains. Although undesirable, integration error problems in t...
Atmospheric scattering and surface polarization affect radiance measurements of polarization-sensitive instruments on orbit. Neglecting the polarization effects may lead to an inaccurate radiance/reflectance determination and underestimated radiance/...
The whole-angle hemispherical resonator gyroscope (WA-HRG) is critical to high-precision attitude control and navigational positioning, boasting significant deployment potential in both highly dynamic inertial navigation systems and industrial instru...
Smart contracts are the key software components to realize blockchain applications, from single encrypted digital currency to various fields. Due to the immutable nature of blockchain, any bugs or errors will become permanent once published and could...
The 5G-AKA protocol, a foundational component for 5G network authentication, has been found vulnerable to various security threats, including linkability attacks that compromise user privacy. To address these vulnerabilities, we previously proposed t...
We provide an institutional theory perspective to examine societal legitimacy in the context of capital market development. While prior research has focused on the importance of formal institutions, firms are embedded within broader socio-economic st...
Access control systems represent a security mechanism to regulate the access to system resources, and XACML is the standard language for specifying, storing and deploying access control policies. The verbosity and complexity of XACML syntax as well a...
We investigate four diatomic molecules containing transition metals using two variants of hybrid functionals. We compare global hybrid functionals that only partially counteract self-interaction to local hybrid functionals that are designed to be for...
Error parameters are inevitable in systems. In formal verification, previous reasoning methods seldom considered the probability information of errors. In this article, errors are described as symmetric truncated normal intervals consisting of the in...
While many continuous distributions are known, the list of discrete ones (usually derived from counting) often reported is relatively short. This list becomes even shorter when dealing with dichotomous observables: binomial, hypergeometric, negative...
In this work, we propose a new test case generation approach that can cover behavioural scenarios individually in a multi-agent system. The purpose is to identify, in the case of the detection of an error, the scenario that caused the detected error,...
This paper describes a computational method for solving the nonlinear equations with fuzzy input parameters that we encounter in engineering system analysis. In addition to discussing the existence of solutions, the definition and formalization of nu...
Tower cranes are indispensable to building construction, but routine lifting still depends on the coordinated judgement of crane operators and signalpersons, which constrains automation and introduces human-factor variability. This study develops and...
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