We present a general theory of estimation of analysis error covariances based on cross-validation as well as a geometric interpretation of the method. In particular, we use the variance of passive observation-minus-analysis residuals and show that th...
Triple/N-way collocation is a statistical analysis tool used to estimate the individual error variances of simultaneous observations of a physical quantity by three or more distinct systems. The tool is widely used to validate remote sensing data pro...
Background: Untargeted proteomics enables quantitative host cell protein (HCP) determination in biotherapeutics, yet no workflow has been validated under ICH Q2(R2) for regulated quality control. Methods: A prospective total-error (TE) validation of...
Dynamic positioning (DP) operations are safety-critical maritime activities in which technical system performance, environmental conditions and human decision-making interact continuously. Previous research presented a prediction model based on binar...
Supervised machine learning classification is the most common example of artificial intelligence (AI) in industry and in academic research. These technologies predict whether a series of measurements belong to one of multiple groups of examples on wh...
Nowadays, there is growing interest in all the smart technologies that provide us with information and knowledge about the human environment. In the energy field, thanks to the amount of data received from smart meters and devices and the progress ma...
In August 2016, Milena (E14) and Doresa (E18) satellites started to broadcast ephemeris in navigation message for testing purposes. If these satellites could be used, an improvement in the position accuracy would be achieved. A small error in the eph...
Background/Objectives: Accurate implant positioning in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) depends on reliable intraoperative landmark registration. In imageless TKA, registration errors can alter cutting-plane orientation and compromise alignment. This st...
Mobile Global Positioning System (GPS) data offer a promising approach to inferring mental health status through behavioural analysis. Whilst previous research has explored location-based behavioural indicators including location clusters, entropy, a...
This study presents a systematic uncertainty quantification of the two-track InSAR three-dimensional (3D) deformation field of the 2025 Dingri earthquake (Mw 7.1). Using Sentinel-1 ascending and descending track data, a 3D coseismic displacement fiel...
Traffic accident prevention is considered one of the most crucial public safety issues due to the ongoing rise in traffic accidents. The installation of LED in-ground traffic lights is one strategy that has proven to be quite effective in preventing...
Validation geometry changes what a received-power prediction error describes. We benchmark established cross-validation designs on 2,967,199 aggregated 25 m location records from four UK operators and three Ofcom 5G SS-RSRP campaigns. A 10 km blocked...
Fiber-optic shape sensing enables real-time monitoring of structural deformation across a wide range of applications. For large-scale structures, Brillouin-based distributed sensing, typically implemented through Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analysi...
Respiratory frequency is a critical biomarker in sleep medicine and circadian biology. We investigated whether the high-frequency (HF) component of heart-rate variability (HRV)—which reflects respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA)—can serve a...
Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is a relatively new technology for global forest research, acquiring LiDAR measurements of vertical vegetation structure across Earth’s tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate forests. Previous GEDI...
The rotational error motion of precision aerostatic rotary stages substantially affects the accuracy of machining and measuring equipment. A comprehensive and flexible error modeling method is absent. This paper develops an analytical model for the e...
The accuracy of remote-sensing reflectance (
Beamforming signal processing based on acoustic microphone arrays is widely used for sound source localization and imaging. However, when investigating sound sources in complex environments, such as cockpit environments or on complex aircraft surface...
Satellite validation is the process of comparing satellite measurements with in-situ measurements to ensure their accuracy. Satellite and in-situ sea surface salinity (SSS) measurements are different due to instrumental errors (IE), retrieval errors...
Korea’s first geostationary satellite, the “Communication, Ocean, and Meteorological Satellite” (COMS), has been operating since 2010. The Meteorological Imager (MI), an sensor on-board the COMS, has observed sea-surface radiances f...
Structural hyperparameter selection (HPS) in neural network (NN) regression faces two critical, computationally expensive barriers: the mandatory splitting of datasets for validation, which significantly impairs sample efficiency, and the inability o...
This study investigates software-based compensation of systematic indication errors in a precision Length Metroscope over the measurement range from 1.005 mm to 25 mm. Calibration was performed using 28 reference lengths represented by Grade 1 cerami...
Cloud property data sets derived from passive sensors onboard the polar orbiting satellites (such as the NOAA’s Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) have global coverage and now span a climatological time period. Synoptic surface observations (S...
Task-based image quality assessment—the modulation transfer function, the noise power spectrum (NPS), the noise-equivalent quanta and model observers—fails by returning a plausible wrong number rather than an error, and the regression tes...
The aim of this study was to evaluate if the inertial measurement unit (IMU) Vmaxpro is a valid device to estimate vertical jump height (VJH) when compared to a motion capture system (MoCAP). Thirteen highly trained female volleyball players particip...
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (SAR, InSAR) is increasingly being used for deformation monitoring. Uncertainty in satellite state vectors is considered to be one of the main sources of errors in applications such as this. In this paper, we p...
Estimating individual tree diameters at breast height (DBH) from delineated crowns and tree heights on the basis of airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data provides a good opportunity for large-scale forest inventory. Generally, ground-base...
This study aims to assess the characteristics and uncertainty of Integrated Multisatellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) (IMERG) Level 3 rainfall estimates and to improve those estimates using an error model over the central A...
In recent years, the EnodePro® device has been one of the most frequently used velocity sensors to track the bar velocity in resistance training, with the aim of providing load–velocity profiles. However, recent articles highlight a lack of...
Satellite altimeters provide global observations of significant wave height (SWH, in m), yet buoy-based validation is affected by representativeness errors and sampling mismatches. This study develops a consistent framework for validating and scaling...
This work presents a closed-form approximation to the symbol error probability (SEP) for cross-quadrature amplitude modulation (cross-QAM) schemes over
This paper develops a sampling algorithm for bandwidth estimation in a nonparametric regression model with continuous and discrete regressors under an unknown error density. The error density is approximated by the kernel density estimator of the uno...
This study aimed to determine the criterion validity of the ADR jumping photocell when compared to a motion capture system and to examine the within-session test–retest reliability of the instrument. Thirteen highly trained female volleyball pl...
Human interactions are paramount to the user experience, satisfaction, and risk of user errors. For products, anthropometry has traditionally been used in product sizing. However, structured methods that accurately map static and dynamic capabilities...
Generalisation error estimation is an important issue in machine learning. Cross-validation traditionally used for this purpose requires building multiple models and repeating the whole procedure many times in order to produce reliable error estimate...
This paper presents a new approach to constructing multistep combination forecasts in a nonstationary framework with stochastic and deterministic trends. Existing forecast combination approaches in the stationary setup typically target the in-sample...
Background. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) enables comprehensive detection of genetic variants but faces limitations in benchmarking due to incomplete reference datasets. Trio-based analysis, leveraging Mendelian inheritance, provides an alternative s...
It is suggested that nutrient densities are less affected by measurement errors than absolute intake estimates of dietary exposure. We compared the validity of absolute intakes and densities of protein (kJ from protein/total energy (kJ)), potassium,...
Sea surface salinity (SSS) satellite measurements are validated using in situ observations usually made by surfacing Argo floats. Validation statistics are computed using matched values of SSS from satellites and floats. This study explores how the m...
In this paper, we investigate a validation process in order to assess the predictive capabilities of a single degree-of-freedom oscillator. Model validation is understood here as the process of determining the accuracy with which a model can predict...
Routine calibration of neonatal incubators is often hindered in resource-constrained healthcare systems by the cost of commercial analyzers. This study presents the metrological characterization of an affordable, microcontroller-based device using a...
In this study, the Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey (LUCAS) of 2009 was used as a reference dataset for validating a Land Cover Map of Greece for 2007, produced with remote sensing by the Greek Office of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF Hella...
In this paper, we employ 99% intraday value-at-risk (VaR) and intraday expected shortfall (ES) as risk metrics to assess the competency of the Multiplicative Component Generalised Autoregressive Heteroskedasticity (MC-GARCH) models based on the 1-min...
The accuracy of a magnetic gradient tensor (MGT) measured by tri-axial magnetometer cross arrays (TAMCAs) is compromised by inherent errors in individual tri-axial magnetometers (TAMs) and inter-sensor misalignment angles (MAs), both of which degrade...
In the early stages of computer software information system development, requirements errors can lead to software system failure and performance degradation and even cause huge security incidents. Traditional requirements verification methods are ine...
Quantification of uncertainties associated with satellite precipitation products is a prior requirement for their better applications in earth science studies. An improved scheme is developed in this study to decompose mean bias error (MBE) and mean...
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry (InSAR) techniques are increasingly applied for monitoring land subsidence. The advantages of InSAR include high accuracy and the ability to cover large areas; nevertheless, research validating the use of InSAR...
In this study, we developed a leakage-free time-series machine learning framework to improve the accuracy of short-term (10 min ahead) wind speed forecasting. The measurements were obtained from real operational data collected at the Bandırma/Ba...
Reducing the lag in the accuracy assessment of multi-temporal land-cover products has been a hot research topic. By identifying the changed strata, the annual accuracy in multi-temporal products can be quickly evaluated. However, there are still two...
Acoustic gait recognition is an emerging passive biometric modality that identifies individuals by unique walking sound patterns. This work presents a reproducible benchmarking framework for convolutional neural network (CNN)-based acoustic gait reco...
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