The rapid development of artificial intelligence, microelectromechanical systems, and wearable electronics, together with the diverse energy demands from the Internet of Things (IoT), drives the miniaturization of microelectronic systems. This has cr...
This study developed a MEMS-based electrochemical seismometer relying on a cathode–anode–cathode (CAC) integrated three-electrode structure where two cathodes were positioned on two surfaces of a silicon wafer, while one anode was positio...
The surface integrity of a micro electrical discharge machining (micro EDM) surface represents the surface quality of workpiece. The surface quality of micro EDM can be further improved by clarifying the machining mechanism and optimizing processing...
In this paper, a drive–vibration integrated piezoelectric actuator (DVIPA) is proposed for vibration-assisted implantation of flexible electrodes. Conventional implantation systems typically rely on separate actuation and vibration modules, whi...
This study introduces a composite method that integrates a diamond-coated tubular grinding electrode with short electric arc machining (SEAM) for GH4099. Mechanical micro-grinding and arc erosion act concurrently within the inter-electrode gap, enabl...
To improve the reference potential stability of on-chip amperometric sensors, we propose a novel integrated Ag/AgCl reference electrode structure. This structure can refresh the saturated potassium chloride filling solution surrounding the Ag/AgCl el...
Electrorheological (ER) polishing, as a new ultra-precision super-effect polishing method, provides little damage to the workpiece surface and is suitable for polishing all kinds of small and complex curved surface workpieces. In this paper, an ER po...
The fast development of portable electronics demands electrodes for supercapacitors that are compatible with miniaturized device applications. In this study, an orderly aligned coaxial bilayer nanotube array made of transition metal/transition metal...
The mechanical stability of aqueous binder and conductive composites (BCC) is the basis of the long-term service of composite electrodes in advanced secondary batteries. To evaluate the stress evolution of BCC in composite electrodes during electroch...
As a cutting-edge technology, animal robots based on living organisms are being extensively studied, with potential for diverse applications in the fields of neuroscience, national security, and civil rescue. However, it remains a significant challen...
Electroencephalogram (EEG) neurofeedback improves cognitive capacity and behaviors by regulating brain activity, which can lead to cognitive enhancement in healthy people and better rehabilitation in patients. The increased use of EEG neurofeedback h...
Cement-based structural capacitors (CSCs) combining load-bearing and energy-storage functions are promising for next-generation green buildings. However, the practical application of CSCs remains hindered by the trade-off between mechanical and elect...
Silicon carbide (SiC) single crystals have great prospects for high-temperature energy storage due to their robust structural stability, ultrahigh power output, and superior temperature stability. However, energy density is an essential challenge for...
This paper presents a new process to fabricate a sensing unit of electrochemical seismometers using only one silicon–glass–silicon bonded wafer. By integrating four electrodes on one silicon–glass–silicon bonded wafer, the consistency of the develope...
Electrode material used in wire electric discharge machining (WEDM/wire EDM) plays a vital role in determining the machined component quality. In particular, when machining hard materials like nickel titanium/NiTi (NiTiNOL) shape memory alloy, the qu...
Smart textiles for wearable devices require flexibility and a lightweight, so in this study, a soft polypyrrole (PPy) electrode system was integrated into a piezoelectric polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF) energy harvester. The PVDF energy harvester integ...
Flexible pressure sensors are essential for wearable electronics, human–machine interfaces, and soft robotics. However, conventional Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based sensors often suffer from limited conductivity, poor filler dispersion, and low str...
Organ-on-Chip technology is commonly used as a tool to replace animal testing in drug development. Cells or tissues are cultured on a microchip to replicate organ-level functions, where measurements of the electrical activity can be taken to understa...
One of the major challenges of battery cell manufacturing is the reduction of production costs. Production defects and manufacturing inaccuracies, combined with high value streams, cause cost-intensive scrap rates. Conventional batch tracing is insuf...
This paper reports a novel miniaturized pseudo reference electrode (RE) design for biasing Ion Sensitive Field Effect Transistors (ISFETs). It eliminates the need for post-CMOS processing and can scale up in numbers with the CMOS scaling. The present...
Background: Catheter line infection is a common complication within clinical environments, and there is a pressing need for technological options to aid in reducing the possibility of sepsis. The early identification of contamination could be pivotal...
We report a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) supercapacitor concept with improved pathways for ion transport, thanks to a facile creation of a coherent continuous distribution of the electrolyte throughout the electrode. Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexa...
Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) detect specific ions in solutions that enable straightforward, fast, and inexpensive sensors compared to other benchtop equipment. However, a conventional reference electrode (RE) such as Ag/AgCl is lim...
Electrohysterography (EHG) is an advanced, noninvasive technique for characterizing myometrial activity from the maternal abdominal surface. Despite its clinical relevance, the adoption of EHG in wearable systems is hindered by variability in electro...
Sensitive determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) is of great significance because it is an early indicator of inflammation in cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction. A disposable electrode with an integrated three-electrode system...
In the context of “dual carbon” goals, energy structures are rapidly shifting towards cleaner, low-carbon solutions. The clean and efficient electrode boiler, with its unique heat generation mechanism, is well aligned with this trend. Thi...
Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) are a promising green energy technology due to their mechanical flexibility, light weight, low cost, and compatibility with large-area solution processing. Although the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of rigid o...
Surface electromyography is a technique used to measure the electrical activity of muscles. sEMG can be used to assess muscle function in various settings, including clinical, academic/industrial research, and sports medicine. The aim of this study i...
With the large-scale integration of wind power, photovoltaic, and other renewable energy sources into the power grid, their inherent randomness and variability present significant challenges to the frequency stability of power systems. Conventional t...
8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) is the most widely used oxidative stress biomarker of the free radical-induced oxidative damage product of DNA, which may allow a premature assessment of various diseases. This paper designs a label-free, portable bio...
Lab-on-Chip is a technology that could potentially revolutionize medical Point-of-Care diagnostics. Considerable research effort is focused towards innovating production technologies that will make commercial upscaling financially viable. Printed ci...
Inkjet technology as a maskless, direct-writing technology offers the potential for structured deposition of functional materials for the realization of electrodes for, e.g., sensing applications. In this work, electrodes were realized by inkjet-prin...
An active electrode (AE) and back-end (BE) integrated system for enhanced electrocardiogram (ECG)/electrode-tissue impedance (ETI) measurement is proposed. The AE consists of a balanced current driver and a preamplifier. To increase the output impeda...
Traditional liquid electrolyte batteries face safety concerns such as leakage and flammability, while further optimization has reached a bottleneck. Solid electrolytes are therefore considered a promising solution. Here, a PEO–LiTFSI–LATP...
This work compares two design methodologies, emulating both AgCl electrode and skin tissue Cole models for testing and verification of electrical bio-impedance circuits and systems. The models are based on fractional-order elements, are implemented w...
Radio frequency (RF) filters with multiple passbands can meet the needs of miniaturization and integration for 5G communications. This paper reports a dual-mode Lamb wave resonator (DLWR) and a dual-passband filter based on DLWRs. The DLWR consists o...
Sensorineural hearing loss occurs when cochlear hair cells fail to convert mechanical sound waves into electrical signals transmitted via the auditory nerve. Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing by directly stimulating the auditory nerve with elec...
Implantable active electronic microchips are being developed as multinode in-body sensors and actuators. There is a need to develop high throughput microfabrication techniques applicable to complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)-based silicon...
The integration of textile-based sensing and actuation elements has become increasingly important across various fields, driven by the growing demand for smart textiles in healthcare, sports, and wearable electronics. This paper presents the developm...
Mechanical motion sensing and monitoring is an important component in the field of industrial automation. Rotary motion is one of the most basic forms of mechanical motion, so it is of great significance for the development of the entire industry to...
With the rapid development of electric vehicles, the safety and reliability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as their core energy storage units, have become increasingly prominent. The variation in internal battery pressure is closely related to crit...
When long-term biosignal monitoring is required via surface electrodes, the use of conventional silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) gelled electrodes may not be the best solution, as the gel in the electrodes tends to dry out over time. In this work, th...
This paper presented an electrochemical seismic micro sensor based on an integrated structure of four centrosymmetric electrodes. In this integrative structure, cathodes were not only distributed on wafer surfaces but also on the inner walls of the f...
Lithium–sulfur batteries have been considered one of the most promising energy storage batteries in the future of flexible and wearable electronics. However, the shuttling of polysulfides, low sulfur utilization, and bad cycle stability restric...
Integrated electrochemical sensors (IESs) offer rapid and efficient detection of environmental pollutants, but their broader practical implementation requires overcoming common challenges associated with reproducible fabrication and long-term stabili...
Induction-based breathing sensors in automobiles enable unobtrusive respiratory rate monitoring as an indicator of a driver’s alertness and health. This paper introduces a quantitative method based on signal quality to guide the integration of...
This study presents an integrated evaluation framework for textile-based electrical muscle stimulation smartwear electrodes, combining physiological and user-centered assessments to ensure comprehensive performance analysis. Four electrode types&mdas...
Different types of Ag/AgCl reference electrodes have been realised by means of thin- and thick-film technique. For inner electrolyte, KCl-containing membranes have been deposited and different coatings have been used to protect the reference electrod...
A novel integrated electrode structure was designed and synthesized by direct electrodepositing of Cu–Sn alloy anode materials on the Celgard 2400 separator (Cel-CS electrode). The integrated structure of the Cel-CS electrode not only greatly s...
This research paper recommends an electrode construction and integration technique for dry silver-based textile electrodes capturing electromyographic (EMG) signals. Three integration methods with two different conductive textiles were compared using...
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