Electrochemical Microdevices and Microsystems: Design, Fabrication, and Applications

A special issue of Micromachines (ISSN 2072-666X). This special issue belongs to the section "C:Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2026 | Viewed by 735

Special Issue Editor

Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 12800 Prague, Czech Republic
Interests: electrochemical microdevices; electrochemical reactions; integrated sensors and biosensors; energy-related micro-systems

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrochemical functions are increasingly being implemented in micro- and nano-scaled structures to enable compact, low-power, and highly integrated devices. In micromachines, advances in fabrication, packaging, and system-level integration are as important as electrochemistry itself. This Special Issue welcomes contributions that combine electrochemical principles with micro-/nano-engineering, including (i) microfabricated electrodes and electrode arrays; (ii) lab-on-a-chip and microfluidics-integrated electrochemical sensing and biosensing; (iii) MEMS-enabled electrochemical transducers, actuators, and hybrid sensor systems; (iv) miniaturized energy devices (micro-batteries, micro-supercapacitors, micro-fuel cells, micro-electrolyzers) and the challenges related to their integration with materials; (v) manufacturing methods such as lithography, printing/additive manufacturing, laser micromachining, and wafer-level processes; and (vi) the modeling and characterization of transport, interfaces, and reliability in confined geometries. Both original research and authoritative reviews are encouraged, especially those that demonstrate clear links between device architecture, microfabrication choices, and performance in real operating environments. By highlighting electrochemical microdevices as building blocks for next-generation microsystems, this Special Issue aims to connect researchers working in the fields of microfabrication, microfluidics, MEMS, and electrochemical engineering.

Dr. Rui Gao
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • electrochemical microdevices
  • microfabricated electrodes
  • MEMS
  • micromachining
  • microfluidics
  • lab-on-a-chip
  • electrochemical sensors
  • biosensors
  • flexible and wearable microsystems
  • micro-batteries
  • micro-supercapacitors
  • micro-fuel cells
  • micro-electrolyzers
  • printed electronics
  • additive manufacturing
  • wafer-level integration
  • packaging and reliability
  • operando characterization
  • transport in confined geometries

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1922 KB  
Article
A Novel 3D-Printed Flow Cell Design for In Operando Disposable Printed Electrode Replacement: Improving Continuous Methylene Blue Determination
by Željka Boček, Elizabeta Forjan, Andrej Molnar, Marijan-Pere Marković, Domagoj Vrsaljko and Petar Kassal
Micromachines 2026, 17(3), 325; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17030325 - 5 Mar 2026
Viewed by 471
Abstract
Using disposable screen-printed electrodes faces major challenges when attempting to monitor a continuous process, especially in systems where there is pronounced adsorption, fouling, degradation, or in cases of irreversible electrochemical reactions. Methylene Blue (MB) exhibits some therapeutic properties and is commonly used as [...] Read more.
Using disposable screen-printed electrodes faces major challenges when attempting to monitor a continuous process, especially in systems where there is pronounced adsorption, fouling, degradation, or in cases of irreversible electrochemical reactions. Methylene Blue (MB) exhibits some therapeutic properties and is commonly used as a redox reporter in DNA sensors, but is also considered a toxic pollutant in aquatic systems. MB demonstrates strong adsorption to carbon materials, which prevents its electroanalytical determination in multiple measurements with a single electrode. Our work details direct electrochemical determination of MB with only the native carbon screen-printed working electrode as sensing material and optimization of the analytical method. In batch mode, we significantly improved sensitivity and interelectrode reproducibility by introducing a prepolarization step, but successive measurements in lower concentrations were not feasible due to strong adsorption. A fully customizable, modular flow cell was 3D printed to allow in operando replacement of the planar screen-printed three-electrode system after measurement during continuous flow. As confirmed by mechanical properties testing, the rigid polyacrylate upper section of the flow cell provides structural stability, combined with a flexible TPU lower section which enables effortless sensor hot swapping and effective sealing during flow. With an optimized hot swapping flow detection method, MB was detected via square wave voltammetry with a sensitivity of 65.59 µA/µM and a calculated LOD of 7.75 nM, which outperforms similar systems from the literature. We envisage this approach can be integrated into low-cost continuous environmental monitoring systems or in-line quality control, especially in flow chemistry synthesis. Full article
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