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  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
33 Citations
6,601 Views
10 Pages

Scandium Recovery from an Ammonium Fluoride Strip Liquor by Anti-Solvent Crystallization

  • Şerif Kaya,
  • Edward Michael Peters,
  • Kerstin Forsberg,
  • Carsten Dittrich,
  • Srecko Stopic and
  • Bernd Friedrich

26 September 2018

In this study, the crystallization of scandium from ammonium fluoride strip liquor, obtained by solvent extraction, was investigated using an anti-solvent crystallization technique. Acetone, ethanol, methanol and isopropanol were added individually t...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Utilization of Metals - Processing, Recovery and Recycling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
13 Citations
9,532 Views
13 Pages

17 January 2019

Clopidogrel bisulfate (CLP) form-I crystals are irregular, rectangular-shaped crystals. Because of their poor compressibility, flowability and their strong surface tension, manufacturers apply spherical crystallization methods to produce CLP form-I s...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Solvent Crystallization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
4,544 Views
26 Pages

Application of Anti-Solvent Crystallization for High-Purity Potash Production from K-Feldspar Leaching Solution

  • Sina Shakibania,
  • Lena Sundqvist-Öqvist,
  • Jan Rosenkranz and
  • Yousef Ghorbani

3 July 2024

Potassium-containing feldspars provide a high potential for producing potash, a product with widespread use in agriculture. The present work assesses applying the anti-solvent crystallization method for the purification and recovery of high-purity mu...

(This article belongs to the Section Separation Processes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,846 Views
12 Pages

29 January 2025

The reverse addition process in anti-solvent crystallization is safer and more efficient than sieving when dealing with energetic compounds. A new mathematical model has been developed to understand the crystal size mechanism during the reverse addit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process and Simulation Calculation, Third Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,107 Views
21 Pages

21 January 2026

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has intensified the need for efficient lithium (Li) recovery from secondary sources. This study focuses on anti-solvent crystallization for the recovery of high-purity lithium hydroxide monohydra...

(This article belongs to the Section Battery Processing, Manufacturing and Recycling)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,233 Views
16 Pages

Background: The therapeutic efficiency of cefquinome is currently limited by the low solubility and short half-life of its commercial sulfate form (SCFQ). This study aimed to improve these properties by preparing a novel crystalline cefquinome free a...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Pharmacy and Formulation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
4,238 Views
10 Pages

9 March 2024

A facile and low-cost strategy to fabricate CsPbBr3 single crystals is essential for developing perovskite optoelectronic devices. Herein, we have presented a room temperature anti-solvent precipitate method for growing sub-centimeter-sized CsPbBr3 s...

(This article belongs to the Section C: Physics)
  • Review
  • Open Access
184 Citations
39,078 Views
21 Pages

Anti-Solvent Crystallization Strategies for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

  • Maria Konstantakou,
  • Dorothea Perganti,
  • Polycarpos Falaras and
  • Thomas Stergiopoulos

28 September 2017

Solution-processed organic-inorganic halide perovskites are currently established as the hottest area of interest in the world of photovoltaics, ensuring low manufacturing cost and high conversion efficiencies. Even though various fabrication/deposit...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Halide Perovskite Crystals: Growth Techniques, Properties and Emerging Applications)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
11 Citations
5,106 Views
12 Pages

2 January 2020

Anti-solvent crystallization is frequently applied in pharmaceutical processes for the separation and purification of intermediate compounds and active ingredients. The selection of optimal solvent types is important to improve the economic performan...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Process Optimization and Control)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,770 Views
12 Pages

1 September 2025

Regulating the crystallization dynamics of perovskite films is key to improving the efficiency and operational stability of (FA0.83MA0.17Cs0.05)Pb(I0.85Br0.15)3 perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, precise regulation of the crystallization process...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Semiconductor Materials for Energy Conversion, 2nd Edition)
  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,420 Views
8 Pages

Currently, one of the key challenges in the pharmaceutical industry is the transformation of traditional batch production methods into robust continuous processes with the intention of reducing manufacturing costs and time and improving product quali...

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The 2nd International Online Conference on Crystals)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
5,990 Views
12 Pages

Antisolvent Crystallization of Papain

  • Sasitorn Boonkerd and
  • Lek Wantha

Protein crystallization plays a crucial role in the food and pharmaceutical industries, enhancing product quality and efficiency by improving purity and controlled particle characteristics. This study focused on the crystallization of the versatile p...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,140 Views
18 Pages

Study on the Structure of a Novel CMS@C12H22O14Fe Suppressant and Its Mechanism of Inhibiting Coal Dust Deflagration

  • Yansong Zhang,
  • Yang Yang,
  • Jin Han,
  • Shengjing Dongye,
  • Fei Wang,
  • Wenjie Liu,
  • Lei Wang and
  • Yang Zhang

25 February 2025

Coal resources still occupy a dominant position in the energy consumption structure, and the prevention and control of coal dust explosion has become an important measure to ensure the safe production of coal. To this end, a new type of environmental...

(This article belongs to the Section Energy Systems)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
15 Citations
4,873 Views
16 Pages

Key Parameters Impacting the Crystal Formation in Antisolvent Membrane-Assisted Crystallization

  • Sara Chergaoui,
  • Damien P. Debecker,
  • Tom Leyssens and
  • Patricia Luis

21 January 2023

Antisolvent crystallization is commonly used in the formation of heat-sensitive compounds as it is the case for most active pharmaceutical ingredients. Membranes have the ability to control the antisolvent mass transfer to the reaction medium, provid...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Honorary Issue for Prof João G. Crespo)
  • Review
  • Open Access
29 Citations
19,753 Views
25 Pages

Growth of Metal Halide Perovskite, from Nanocrystal to Micron-Scale Crystal: A Review

  • Haijiao Harsan Ma,
  • Muhammad Imran,
  • Zhiya Dang and
  • Zhaosheng Hu

24 April 2018

Metal halide perovskite both in the form of nanocrystal and thin films recently emerged as the most promising semiconductor material covering a huge range of potential applications from display technologies to photovoltaics. Colloidal inorganic and o...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metal Halide Perovskite Crystals: Growth Techniques, Properties and Emerging Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
5,479 Views
15 Pages

6 August 2022

The development of an antisolvent crystallization process requires the construction of an accurate phase diagram for this ternary system of compound, solvent and antisolvent, preferably as a function of temperature. This study gives an efficient meth...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Industrial Crystallization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,974 Views
24 Pages

19 January 2024

Recovering scandium from hydrometallurgical residue bears the potential of a better supply of an industry depending on imports from countries with more mineral resources than Europe. To recover scandium from unused metal production residue, strip liq...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process and Simulation Calculation, Second Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
31 Citations
6,261 Views
11 Pages

30 July 2019

Crystallization is one of the most important methods in the crystal habit control of explosive products. For this study, the antisolvent crystallization experiments were carried out to tune the crystal habits of 2,6-dimaino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxid...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-Solvent Crystallization)
  • Review
  • Open Access
56 Citations
4,314 Views
21 Pages

Solid multicomponent systems (SMS) are gaining an increasingly important role in the pharmaceutical industry, to improve the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In recent years, various processes have been employed...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Solid Multicomponent Systems: Continuous Manufacturing Approaches for Improved Drug Product Quality)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,441 Views
21 Pages

To Study the Impact of Ultrasound-Assisted Antisolvent Crystallization on Aprepitant Crystal Habits

  • Aditya Pandhare,
  • Londhe Sachin Bhimrao,
  • Ashish Kumar Agrawal and
  • Dinesh Kumar

29 January 2026

Aprepitant (APT), an antiemetic drug used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), exhibits poor compressibility, solubility, and micromeritic properties. Crystal habit modification was studied using solvent evaporation, conventional anti...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure and Characterization of Crystalline Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,173 Views
20 Pages

15 May 2025

The emergence of artificial neural networks and the widespread application of process analytical technology (PAT) have founded a robust foundation for neural network applications in crystallization research. This study investigated benzophenone antis...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization Process and Simulation Calculation, Third Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,167 Views
19 Pages

31 July 2023

Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential for permanent magnets that are vital for wind turbines and electric vehicles motors (EV), and are also used in a range of high-tech devices such as smartphones, digital cameras, and electronic displays. Nickel...

(This article belongs to the Section Extractive Metallurgy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,070 Views
14 Pages

8 July 2023

Scandium is a rare earth element that has been declared a critical raw material by the EU. Its availability is low but the demand for it is increasing. Bauxite residue presents a possible European source. A novel process to extract scandium from the...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aggregation, Nucleation and Crystallization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
98 Citations
8,228 Views
15 Pages

9 April 2019

In this work, the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst from thermal decomposition of zinc acetate (ZnAc) nanoparticles obtained by supercritical antisolvent (SAS) precipitation was investigated. The optimization of calcination conditions of th...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Trends in the Photocatalytic Removal of Organic Dyes)
  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
5,337 Views
21 Pages

4 June 2020

Industrial process monitoring is an important field of research where different chemical processes are monitored and controlled. In this work, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to analyze antisolvent based crystallization of sucrose so...

(This article belongs to the Section Applied Industrial Technologies)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,928 Views
12 Pages

2 September 2025

Continuous crystallizations have promising potential for effectively controlling and modifying the crystal properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). In this study, a continuous antisolvent sonocrystallization process was developed to re...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2nd Edition of Green Particle Technologies: Processes and Applications)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,713 Views
14 Pages

Hierarchical Structure of Glucosamine Hydrochloride Crystals in Antisolvent Crystallization

  • Shichao Du,
  • Chuanping Yu,
  • Ping Zhang,
  • Jianxing Lu,
  • Junbo Gong,
  • Fumin Xue and
  • Yan Wang

27 August 2023

The crystal morphology of glucosamine hydrochloride (GAH) during antisolvent crystallization was investigated in this work. Particles of different shapes, such as plate-like crystals, leaflike clusters, fan-like dendrites, flower-like aggregates, and...

(This article belongs to the Section Crystal Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,749 Views
16 Pages

Crystal Engineering in Antisolvent Crystallization of Rare Earth Elements (REEs)

  • Jonathan Sibanda,
  • Jemitias Chivavava and
  • Alison Emslie Lewis

1 December 2022

Antisolvent crystallization is a separation technology that separates the solute from the solvent by the addition of another solvent, in which the solute is sparingly soluble. High yields are achieved by using higher antisolvent-to-aqueous ratios, bu...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Developments in Mineral Processing at University of Cape Town)
  • Article
  • Open Access
527 Views
9 Pages

Stepwise Optimization of Antisolvent Dripping and Annealing Times for High-Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

  • Weixuan Liu,
  • Fobao Xie,
  • Haifan Zhou,
  • Qinghua Cao,
  • Linkun Zhong,
  • Xiaoli Zhang and
  • Yanjun Liu

The crystallization quality of a perovskite active layer is highly sensitive to processing conditions and plays a decisive role in determining the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we systematically investigate the synergistic eff...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Surface and Interface Engineering for Photovoltaics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
6,786 Views
16 Pages

Paclitaxel (PTX) is a poor water-soluble antineoplastic drug with significant antitumor activity. However, its low bioavailability is a major obstacle for its biomedical applications. Thus, this experiment is designed to prepare PTX crystal powders t...

(This article belongs to the Section Physical Pharmacy and Formulation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,109 Views
14 Pages

10 September 2023

The viscosity values of CO2–dimethylphormamide, chloroform, methanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide mixtures were measured at a pressure of 150 bar and a temperature of 313 K. The correlation of the mean size of le...

(This article belongs to the Section Soft Matter)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
3,373 Views
12 Pages

High-Efficiency Purification and Morphology Regulation of CaSO4·2H2O Crystals from Phosphogypsum

  • Yang Lei,
  • Yong-Ji Gong,
  • Min He,
  • Liangqun Li,
  • Jun Qin and
  • Yufei Liu

19 August 2024

Phosphogypsum is a solid waste with great environmental stockpile pressure produced by the wet production of phosphoric acid. Although there are various methods to purify and utilize phosphogypsum, the means for environmentally friendly, low energy c...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,969 Views
13 Pages

18 November 2019

Solvent engineering is one of the most widely applied preparation methods for the high- quality perovskite films. In this method, the choice of anti-solvent plays a very important role to improve the perovskite crystal quality. Here, we report a faci...

(This article belongs to the Section Surface Engineering for Energy Harvesting, Conversion, and Storage)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,687 Views
13 Pages

23 April 2025

All-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskites have significant potential for applications in the photovoltaic field. However, during their preparation, the slow evaporation rate of the precursor solution limits the extent of solution supersaturation, leading to p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Developments of Photovoltaic Devices and Perovskite Solar Cells: 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,018 Views
29 Pages

Continuous Microfluidic Antisolvent Crystallization as a Bottom-Up Solution for the Development of Long-Acting Injectable Formulations

  • Snehashis Nandi,
  • Laura Verstrepen,
  • Mariana Hugo Silva,
  • Luis Padrela,
  • Lidia Tajber and
  • Alain Collas

A bottom-up approach was investigated to produce long-acting injectable (LAI) suspension-based formulations to overcome specific limitations of top-down manufacturing methods by tailoring drug characteristics while making the methods more sustainable...

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Technology, Manufacturing and Devices)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,354 Views
15 Pages

Hydrogen Bonds in Precursor Solution: The Origin of the Anomalous J–V Curves in Perovskite Solar Cells

  • Lin Zhang,
  • Lin Yao,
  • Yanfang Chu,
  • Lei Zhao,
  • Hongmei Zhao,
  • Yuchen Sun,
  • Jing Li and
  • Junjie He

26 April 2022

Perovskite Solar Cells are a promising solar energy harvesting technology due to their low cost and high-power conversion efficiency. A high-quality perovskite layer is fundamental for a highly efficient perovskite Solar Cell. Utilizing a gas quenchi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Theoretical Investigation on Non-covalent Interactions)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
5,160 Views
14 Pages

2 February 2022

In this contribution, crystallization was performed to assess the kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth of L-lactide. In most common solvents, this compound shows very high solubility even at low temperatures, which could be challenging for cryst...

(This article belongs to the Section Industrial Crystallization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
9,189 Views
14 Pages

Effect of Ionic Liquids on the Separation of Sucrose Crystals from a Natural Product Using Crystallization Techniques

  • Ji-Hun An,
  • Alice Nguvoko Kiyonga,
  • Woojin Yoon,
  • Minho Park,
  • Changjin Lim,
  • Younghwi Yun,
  • Gyu-Hwan Park and
  • Kiwon Jung

23 September 2017

The present work aims to investigate the applicability of ionic liquids (ILs) for natural ingredient crystallization. First, the medicinal plant, namely Angelica gigas Nakai, was extracted using methanol (MeOH) as a solvent. Afterwards, ILs 1-butyl-3...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,322 Views
12 Pages

20 July 2023

In recent years, all-inorganic cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskites have garnered considerable attention for their prospective applications in green photonics and optoelectronic devices. However, the development of efficient and economical metho...

(This article belongs to the Section Nanophotonics Materials and Devices)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,314 Views
19 Pages

13 March 2024

Amorphous solids exhibit enhanced solubility and dissolution rates relative to their crystalline counterparts. However, attaining optimal bioavailability presents a challenge, primarily due to the need to maintain the physical stability of amorphous...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Analytical Tools for Characterization and Quality Control of Food, Drugs, and Natural Active Ingredients, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
5,726 Views
21 Pages

23 February 2023

Bottom-up approaches to producing aqueous crystal suspensions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), such as anti-solvent crystallisation, are gaining interest as they offer better control over surface properties compared to top-down approaches...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,414 Views
13 Pages

Antisolvent Engineering to Enhance Photovoltaic Performance of Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide Solar Cells

  • Ming-Chung Wu,
  • Ching-Mei Ho,
  • Kai-Chi Hsiao,
  • Shih-Hsuan Chen,
  • Yin-Hsuan Chang and
  • Meng-Huan Jao

23 December 2022

High absorption ability and direct bandgap makes lead-based perovskite to acquire high photovoltaic performance. However, lead content in perovskite becomes a double-blade for counterbalancing photovoltaic performance and sustainability. Herein, we d...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanofabrication for Solar Cells and Energy Harvesting)
  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,297 Views
12 Pages

Enhancement of Crystallization Process of the Organic Pharmaceutical Molecules through High Pressure

  • Yaoguang Feng,
  • Hongxun Hao,
  • Yiqing Chen,
  • Na Wang,
  • Ting Wang and
  • Xin Huang

20 March 2022

The enhancement of the crystallization process through high pressures was studied by using ribavirin (RVB) as a model compound. The effects of high pressure on crystallization thermodynamics, nucleation kinetics, and process yield were evaluated and...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymorphism in Crystals)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
47 Citations
16,117 Views
16 Pages

Purification of Curcumin from Ternary Extract-Similar Mixtures of Curcuminoids in a Single Crystallization Step

  • Elena Horosanskaia,
  • Lina Yuan,
  • Andreas Seidel-Morgenstern and
  • Heike Lorenz

16 March 2020

Crystallization-based separation of curcumin from ternary mixtures of curcuminoids having compositions comparable to commercial extracts was studied experimentally. Based on solubility and supersolubility data of both, pure curcumin and curcumin in p...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Industrial Crystallization)
  • Review
  • Open Access
217 Citations
17,882 Views
50 Pages

The Role of Ionic Liquids in the Pharmaceutical Field: An Overview of Relevant Applications

  • Sónia N. Pedro,
  • Carmen S. R. Freire,
  • Armando J. D. Silvestre and
  • Mara G. Freire

5 November 2020

Solubility, bioavailability, permeation, polymorphism, and stability concerns associated to solid-state pharmaceuticals demand for effective solutions. To overcome some of these drawbacks, ionic liquids (ILs) have been investigated as solvents, reage...

(This article belongs to the Section Molecular Pharmacology)
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,065 Views
17 Pages

18 October 2022

Auricularia auricula-judae polysaccharide (AAP)-based nanoparticles (NPs) prepared via an anti-solvent precipitation approach were studied. Response surface methodology (RSM) design was carried out on the basis of single factor experiments, using ave...

(This article belongs to the Section Nanochemistry)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
2,680 Views
9 Pages

10 January 2023

Hierarchical organic structures have gained vast attention in the past decade owing to their great potential in chemical and medical applications in industries such as the food and pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, the crystallization of L-gl...

(This article belongs to the Section Organic Crystalline Materials)
  • Article
  • Open Access
34 Citations
5,006 Views
19 Pages

Preparation, Characterization, and Evaluation of Breviscapine Nanosuspension and Its Freeze-Dried Powder

  • Ting Zhang,
  • Xixi Li,
  • Juewen Xu,
  • Jingbao Shao,
  • Meihong Ding and
  • Senlin Shi

As a biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) class IV drug, breviscapine (Bre) has low solubility in water, poor chemical stability, a short biological half-life and rapid removal from plasma. This paper prepared a Bre nanosuspension (Bre-NS) by...

  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
13,108 Views
10 Pages

Crystallization of Esomeprazole Magnesium Water/Butanol Solvate

  • Jenna Skieneh,
  • Bahareh Khalili Najafabadi,
  • Stephen Horne and
  • Sohrab Rohani

The molecular structure of esomeprazole magnesium derivative in the solid-state is reported for the first time, along with a simplified crystallization pathway. The structure was determined using the single crystal X-ray diffraction technique to reve...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Crystallization of Pharmaceuticals)

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