Drugs incorporated into hair are exposed to the environment, and cosmetic and chemical treatments, with possible decreases in their content. Knowledge concerning the effect of sunlight on drug content in hair can be helpful to forensic toxicologists,...
The illicit production and distribution of amphetamines present significant challenges to public health and law enforcement, particularly in Europe, where these substances dominate the stimulant market. This study aimed to profile amphetamines consum...
In this study, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated capillary columns (TRB-5 and TRB-35), both unmodified and functionalized with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), have been tested and compared for the extrac...
The investigation of clandestine laboratories poses serious hazards for first responders, emergency services, investigators and the surrounding public due to the risk of exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) used in the manufacture of illicit...
Stimulants belonging to the amphetamine group nowadays pose an undeniable worldwide threat to the life and health of users. Intoxications of domestic animals also occur, which can either be accidental or related to intentional human action. This stud...
Amphetamine abuse is a known problem in Saudi Arabia; it is estimated that 40% of drug abusers misuse amphetamines. Here, our aim was to perform an up-to-date epidemiological study of amphetamine-related postmortem cases in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in w...
This review delves into the therapeutic applications of amphetamine-type stimulants such as lisdexamphetamine dimesylate, mixed amphetamine salts, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), dextroamphetamine, and phentermine. These compounds have been...
In forensic toxicology, amphetamine intoxications represent one of the most common case groups and present difficult questions for toxicologists. Estimating the time of consumption and the current influence of the stimulant is particularly difficult...
Studies have demonstrated that chronic consumption of abused drugs induces alterations in several proteins that regulate metabolism. For instance, methamphetamine exposure reduces glucose levels. Fatty and amino acid levels were altered in groups exp...
Herein, we report the obtaining of new hybrid molecules of amphetamine with different profens (amfens). The obtained amfens are characterized by their melting points, UV, 1H–, 13C–NMR, and HRMS spectra. A complete and detailed mass spectr...
Amphetamine is a psychostimulant drug with a high risk of toxicity and death when misused. Abuse of amphetamines is associated with an altered organic profile, which includes omega fatty acids. Low omega fatty acid levels are linked to mental disorde...
Background/Objectives: Perioperative strokes are a rare but recognized complication of cerebral aneurysm surgeries, often influenced by patient-specific factors. Amphetamine abuse, known for its vasospastic effects, is an underexplored risk factor in...
Evidence suggests that nicotine and alcohol can each serve as a gateway drug. We determined whether prior nicotine and alcohol treatment would alter amphetamine reward. Also, we examined whether age and dopaminergic neurotransmission are important in...
Methamphetamine presents a significant scientific and legal challenge for sentencing because, although it is a Class A drug in England and Wales, it is not assigned explicit indicative quantity thresholds within the principal Sentencing Council guide...
Chronic opioid use disorder patients often also use other substances such as amphetamines. The gene-based analysis method was applied in the genomic database obtained from our previous study with 343 methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients. We...
Halogenation of amphetamines and methcathinones has become a common method to obtain novel psychoactive substances (NPS) also called “legal highs”. The para-halogenated derivatives of amphetamine and methcathinone are available over the i...
Introduction: Given the increasing adult use of amphetamine and methylphenidate and their high misuse potential, we examined suspected suicide attempts and other intentional misuse and medical outcomes and their associations with co-used other substa...
The rapid sensing of drug compounds has traditionally relied on antibodies, enzymes and electrochemical reactions. These technologies can frequently produce false positives/negatives and require specific conditions to operate. Akin to antibodies, mol...
Microinjection of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) peptide 55–102 into the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) core significantly attenuates psychostimulant-induced locomotor activity. However, the molecular mechanism remains poorly un...
A lack of effective treatment and sex-based disparities in psychostimulant addiction and overdose warrant further investigation into mechanisms underlying the abuse-related effects of amphetamine-like stimulants. Uptake-2 transporters such as organic...
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and reliability of LC-MS/MS and biochip-based screening in detecting narcotics from blood and urine samples. Materials and Methods: In this single-center study, a total of 250 subjects provided ur...
In the present work a highly sensitive ion-selective microelectrode for the detection of amphetamine is presented. For this purpose, a novel ion-par complex based on the metallocarborane, cobalt bis(dicarbollide) anion ([3,3′-Co(1,2-C2B9H11)2]−) coup...
The identification of isomeric drugs is gaining increasing importance in forensics and doping control. Isomers vary in terms of safety, effectiveness, and regulation, particularly for amphetamine-related drugs (ARDs). This study developed and validat...
Even before behavioral disturbances, neuroleptics, amphetamine, and domperidone application rapidly emerged severe occlusion/occlusion-like syndrome, shared innate vascular and multiorgan failure in rats, comparable to occlusion/occlusion-like syndro...
Drug addiction is a disease that is characterized by a compulsion, a desire to take different substances permanently or for a certain period of time. Numerous negative incidents, such as crimes, work accidents and traffic accidents, are related to us...
Psychoactive substances, including illicit drugs, prescription medications, and novel psychoactive compounds, are frequently analyzed in biological and in non-biological samples. Interpreting results is paramount for ensuring proper medical treatment...
Abuse of illicit drugs has become a major issue of global concern. As a synthetic amphetamine analog, 3,4-Methylene Dioxy Amphetamine (MDA) causes serotonergic neurotoxicity, posing a serious risk to human health. In this work, a two-dimensional subs...
Adult rats emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) related to their affective states, potentially providing information about their subjective experiences during behavioral neuroscience experiments. If so, USVs might provide an important link between in...
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) was applied to detect traces of amphetamine on fingerprints. In the present study, three different lift tapes and latent powder fingerprints were tested. The obtained results show that it is p...
The host–guest interactions of cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) as host and amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MET) and their enantiomeric forms (S-form and R-form) as guests were computationally investigated using density functional theory calculation...
The accumulation of iron in dopaminergic neurons can cause oxidative stress and dopaminergic neuron degeneration. Iron chelation therapy may reduce dopaminergic neurodegeneration, but chelators should be targeted towards dopaminergic cells. In this w...
Amphetamine abuse is a global health epidemic that is difficult to treat due to individual differences in response to environmental factors, including stress reactivity and anxiety levels, as well as individual neuronal differences, which may result...
Due to their simplicity, speed and low cost, chemical spot tests are increasingly demanded for the presumptive identification of illicit drugs in a variety of contexts such as point-of-care assistance or prosecution of drug trafficking. However, most...
Psychoactive stimulants are a popular drug class which are used recreationally. Over the last decade, large numbers of new psychoactive substances (NPS) have entered the drug market and these pose a worldwide problem to human health. Metabolomics app...
Background: Patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) use can exhibit a wide range of symptoms, ranging from mild agitation to life-threatening dysrhythmias. Early identification of patients at risk fo...
Methamphetamine (MA) level in urine has been used for judgment in MA consumption. Metabolism and intoxication of MA are correlated with the activity of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6). The activity score (AS) is a potential tool for predicting exposure...
The functions of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) neuropeptide encoded by the CARTPT gene vary from modifying behavior and pain sensitivity to being an antioxidant. Putative CART peptide receptor GPR160 was implicated recently in...
In this research, a variety of novel amphetamine derivatives were synthesized and assessed for their potential as multifaceted antidepressant agents. Among these compounds, compound 11b demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on both serotonin and nor...
Atresia is a process in ovarian follicles that is regulated by hormone-induced apoptosis. During atresia, granulosa cell (GC) apoptosis is a key mechanism orchestrated through diverse signaling pathways. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript...
The present study analysed changes in the distribution pattern of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) in the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the human colon challenged by adenocarcinoma invasion, using the double-labelling immunofluo...
Amphetamines (Amph) are psychostimulants broadly used as physical and cognitive enhancers. However, the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to Amph have been poorly investigated. Here, we show that continuous exposure to Amph during early developm...
The dopamine transporter (DAT) is an integral member of the dopaminergic system and is responsible for the release and reuptake of dopamine from the synaptic space into the dopaminergic neurons. DAT is also the major target of amphetamine (Amph). The...
Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a peptide suggested to play a role in gastrointestinal tract tissue reaction to pathology. Gastric ulceration is a common disorder affecting huge number of people, and additionally, it contribut...
The aim of the study was to investigate the distribution patterns of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript- (CART-) and galanin-immunoreactive (GAL-IR) neuronal structures in the human stomach wall, focusing on differences observed in regions...
Estimating the measurement uncertainty (MU) is becoming increasingly mandatory in analytical toxicology. This study evaluates the uncertainty in the quantitative determination of urinary amphetamine (AP) and 4-hydroxyamphetamine (4HA) using a liquid...
7 June 2022
Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) are the second most commonly used class of illicit drugs globally, yet there is limited understanding of which factors contribute to different pathways of ATS use. We sought to compare current, former, and exposed no...
Sample preparation is an important step in the isolation of target compounds from complex matrices to perform their reliable and accurate analysis. Hair samples are commonly pulverized or processed as fine cut, depending on preference, before extract...
Background and Objectives: This study aims to compare, for the first time, the impact of different substances detected by immunoassay, either alone or in combination, in the values of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of systemic infla...
Background: Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in water pose significant public health and ecological risks, necessitating reliable and efficient detection methods. Current approaches often involve time-consuming pH adjustments and post-processing ste...
MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; commonly referred to as “Molly” or “ecstasy”) is a synthetic compound, structurally and pharmacologically similar to both amphetamines and mescaline. MDMA differs somewhat from traditio...
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