As transmissions of data between mobile and embedded devices in multi-access edge computing (MEC) increase, data must be protected, ensuring confidentiality and integrity. These issues are usually solved with cryptographic algorithms systems, which u...
This paper introduces a low-complexity start–stop true random number generator (TRNG) utilizing jitter in ring oscillators (ROs). Incorporating phase detectors enhances entropy extraction from the same number of ROs. The raw bits undergo online...
A True Random Number Generator (TRNG) is an important component in cryptographic algorithms and protocols. The Rosin Autonomous Boolean Network (ABN) digital TRNG has been widely studied due to its nice properties, such as low energy consumption, hig...
Any cryptographic system strongly relies on randomness to ensure robust encryption and masking methods. True Random Number Generators play a fundamental role in this context. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Bundesamt...
The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has the potential to serve as a high-entropy energy harvester, enabling the self-powered operation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. True random number generator (TRNG) is a common feature of encryption used...
This paper presents the validation of a novel approach for a true-random number generator (TRNG) based on a ring oscillator–physical unclonable function (RO-PUF) for FPGA devices. The proposal takes advantage of the different noise sources that...
The need for unpredictable sequences of bits is common in many important security applications. These sequences can only be generated by true random number generators (TRNGs). Apart from the natural analog domain for TRNGs, this type of generator is...
The security of powering systems has been a major problem over the last decade, leading to an increased interest in wireless power and data transfer. In this research paper, a new inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) circuit topology has been used...
As a module of the internet of things (IOT) information security system, the true random number generator (TRNG) plays an important role in overall performance. In this paper, a low-power TRNG based on dual oscillators is proposed. Two high-frequency...
True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) use physical phenomenon as their source of randomness. In electronics, one of the most popular structures to build a TRNG is constructed based on the circuits that form propagation delays, such as a ring oscillat...
In this work, we build and test three memristor-based true random number generator (TRNG) circuits: two previously presented in the literature and one which is our own design. The functionality of each circuit is assessed using the National Institute...
The effects of ionizing radiation on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been investigated in depth during the last decades. The impact of these effects is typically evaluated on implementations which have a deterministic behavior. In this ar...
The use of physical unclonable functions (PUFs) linked to the manufacturing process of the electronic devices supporting applications that exchange critical data over the Internet has made these elements essential to guarantee the authenticity of sai...
A cloud service to offer entropy has been paid much attention to. As one of the entropy sources, a physical random number generator is used as a true random number generator, relying on its irreproducibility. This paper focuses on a physical random n...
This paper introduces a novel TRNG architecture that employs a wave converter to generate random outputs from the jitter noise in a customized ring oscillator (RO). Using a current-starved inverter, the proposed RO offers the option of operating thre...
While integrated circuit technologies keep scaling aggressively, analog, mixed-signal, and radio-frequency (RF) circuits encounter challenges by creating robust designs in advanced complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) processes...
In this work, we used a sensor-based True Random Number Generator in order to generate keys for a stream cipher based on a recently published hybrid algorithm mixing Skew Tent Map and a Linear Feedback Shift Register. The stream cipher was implemente...
Random number generators are of paramount importance in numerous fields. Under certain well-defined adversarial settings, True Random Number Generators (TRNGs) are more secure than their computational (pseudo) random number generator counterparts. TR...
Recent developments have increased the demand for adequate security solutions, based on primitives that cannot be easily manipulated or altered, such as hardware-based primitives. Security primitives based on Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) can p...
True random-number generators based on ring oscillators (RO-based TRNG) are widely used in the field of information encryption because of their simple structure and compatibility with CMOS technology. However, radiated or conducted electromagnetic in...
Image-decomposition-based encryption is an effective approach for enhancing security, as it requires both decryption of the decomposed images and subsequent image processing to reconstruct the original image. In this study, we demonstrate image-decom...
Modern cryptography depends on the quality of the operating-system entropy pool, and historic failures of that pool have shown that randomness, not algorithm strength, is often the weakest link of a deployed cryptosystem. Hardware True-Random Number...
Traditional cryptographic systems face critical vulnerabilities posed by the rapid advancement of quantum computing, particularly concerning key exchange mechanisms and the quality of entropy sources for random number generation. To address these cha...
Over the last two decades, hardware security has gained increasing attention in academia and industry. Flash memory has been given a spotlight in recent years, with the question of whether or not it can prove useful in a security role. Because of inh...
As the deep integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has rendered traditional encryption techniques increasingly inadequate in terms of security strength, the implementation of hardware-level security...
The proliferation of devices for the Internet of Things (IoT) and their implication in many activities of our lives have led to a considerable increase in concern about the security of these devices, posing a double challenge for designers and develo...
This study explores memristor-based true random number generators (TRNGs) through their evolution and optimization, stemming from the concept of memristors first introduced by Leon Chua in 1971 and realized in 2008. We will consider memristor TRNGs c...
Random number generators (RNG) play an important role in many sensor network systems and applications, such as those requiring secure and robust communications. In this paper, we develop a high-security and high-throughput hardware true random number...
Random numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. If the generation process is weak, the whole chain of security can be compromised: these weaknesses could be exploited by an attacker to retrieve the information, breaking...
Encryption is an important step for secure data transmission, and a true random number generator (TRNG) is a key building block in many encryption algorithms. Static random-access memory (SRAM) chips can be easily available sources of true random num...
Entropy is a measure of uncertainty or randomness. It is the foundation for almost all cryptographic systems. True random number generators (TRNGs) and physical unclonable functions (PUFs) are the silicon primitives to respectively harvest dynamic an...
Today, medical equipment or general-purpose devices such as smart-watches or smart-textiles can acquire a person’s vital signs. Regardless of the type of device and its purpose, they are all equipped with one or more sensors and often have wire...
We use commercial magnetic memory to realize morphable security primitives, a Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) and a True Random Number Generator (TRNG). The PUF realized by manipulating the write time and the TRNG is realized by tweaking the num...
Resistance random access memory (RRAM) based true random number generator (TRNG) has great potential to be applied to hardware security owing to its intrinsic switching variability. Especially the high resistance state (HRS) variation is usually take...
In this paper, novel architecture of the true random number generator (TRNG) is presented. The proposed TRNG uses jitter in capacitive oscillators as a source of entropy. These capacitive oscillators exploit the input/output (I/O) buffers of a field-...
Random Numbers are widely employed in cryptography and security applications. This paper presents a novel approach to generate high-quality random bitstreams by harnessing the inherent noise properties of ring oscillators. We implemented ring oscilla...
An important module that must be present in any communication system is a random number generator (RNG). One of the RNGs is the True RNG (TRNG), which is completely random. The output of the TRNG is unpredictable as it extracts its randomness from ph...
A ring oscillator is a well-known circuit used for generating random numbers, and interested readers can find many research results concerning the evaluation of the randomness with a packaged test suit. However, the authors think there is room for ev...
Weakly coupled semiconductor superlattices under DC voltage bias are nonlinear systems with many degrees of freedom whose nonlinearity is due to sequential tunneling of electrons. They may exhibit spontaneous chaos at room temperature and act as fast...
Many cryptographic systems require random numbers, and the use of weak random numbers leads to insecure systems. In the modern world, there are several techniques for generating random numbers, of which the most fundamental and important methods are...
Cryptography is the study and practice of secure communication with digital data and focuses on confidentiality, integrity, and authentication. Random number generators (RNGs) generate random numbers to enhance security. Even though the cryptographic...
In this paper, a true random coding photon counting LIDAR is described, in which a Gm-APD (Geiger mode avalanche photodiode) acts as the true random sequence signal generator. The true random coding method not only improves the anti-crosstalk capabil...
Information-theoretically provable unique true random numbers, which cannot be correlated or controlled by an attacker, can be generated based on quantum measurement of vacuum state and universal-hashing randomness extraction. Quantum entropy in the...
We will prove that when uniformly distributed random numbers are sorted by value, their successive differences are a exponentially distributed random variable Ex(λ). For a set of n random numbers, the parameters of mathematical expectation and...
True random number generators (TRNGs) have been a research hotspot due to secure encryption algorithm requirements. Therefore, such circuits are necessary building blocks in state-of-the-art security controllers. In this paper, a TRNG based on random...
With the growing importance of personal information security, numerous methods have been proposed for data encryption. To ensure system safety, ciphers must be unpredictable and robust. In modern Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) encryption sys...
Quantum random number generators (QRNGs) are currently in high demand across a large number of cryptographic applications as secure sources of true randomness. In this work, we characterize the conditions from which randomness can be extracted in a Q...
Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) have been theoretically proven to be able to generate completely unpredictable random sequences, and have important applications in many fields. However, the practical implementation of QRNG is always suscepti...
In this study, we demonstrate the generation and storage of random voltage values using a ring oscillator consisting of feedback field-effect transistors (FBFETs). This innovative approach utilizes the logic-in-memory function of FBFETs to extract co...
Schemes generating cryptographic keys from arrays of pre-formed Resistive Random Access (ReRAM) cells, called memristors, can also be used for the design of fast true random number generators (TRNG’s) of exceptional quality, while consuming low level...
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