The satellite–ground bistatic configuration, which uses geosynchronous synthetic aperture radar (GEO SAR) for illumination and ground equipment for reception, can achieve wide coverage, high revisit, and continuous illumination of interest area...
Although the elevated orbit and highly squinted observation geometry bring advantages for medium-earth-orbit (MEO) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) in applications, they also complicate signal processing. The severe spatial variability of Doppler param...
Pollution of groundwater by nitrate originating from irrigated fields was considered for this study. We hypothesized that under cropped conditions, low-salinity irrigation water (e.g., desalinated water) could reduce nitrate leaching below the root z...
The built environment is the key to creating vibrant urban spaces that contribute to the health and sustainability of cities. Studies have demonstrated that a reasonable built environment helps to stimulate urban vitality. Nevertheless, there are lim...
Soil hydrology determines the water–soil–plant interactions in the Earth’s system, because porous medium acts as an interface within the atmosphere and lithosphere, regulates main processes such as runoff discharge, aquifer recharge...
Upward trends in commuting duration and distance due to urban sprawl in the United States have raised concerns about the ensuing environmental, social and economic problems. Various urban planning approaches have been developed, hypothesizing that bu...
31 May 2021
COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic in the spring of 2020. Since that time, the disease has resulted in approximately 150 million cases and 3 million deaths worldwide. However, there is significant spatial variation in the rate of mortality from CO...
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops as it provides 20% of calories and proteins to the human population. To overcome the increasing demand in wheat grain production, there is a need for a higher grain yield, and this can b...
The three-dimensional (3D) spatial structure within cities can reveal more information about land development than the two-dimensional spatial structure. Studying the relationship between the urban 3D spatial structure and the population distribution...
The accurate characterization of soil structure is fundamental to groundwater science, environmental ecology, and Earth systems science. To address the challenge of quantifying the high spatial variability of large-scale soil structures, this study u...
The growing rate of urbanization and vertical urban development has aroused the significance of geo-related variables for property units disposed vertically within the same building. Among these, 3D indoor physical and outdoor environmental variables...
Rainfall is a spatiotemporally variated process and one of the key elements to accurately capture both catchment runoff response and floodplain extents. Flash floods are the result of intense rainfall, typically associated to highly variable rain in...
In this paper, we propose presenting a solution based on socio-epidemiological variables of tuberculosis, considering a clustering with spatial/geographical constraints; and, determine a value of alpha that increases spatial contiguity without signif...
In the present study, the influence of the sampling density on the coestimation error of a regionalized, locally stationary and geo-mining nature variable is analyzed. The case study is two-dimensional (2D) and synthetic-type, and it has been generat...
This paper proposes a two-step pseudo-maximum likelihood estimator of a spatial autoregressive exponential model for counts and other nonnegative variables; it is particularly useful for dealing with zeros. It considers a model specification allowing...
The soil freeze–thaw phenomenon is one of the most outstanding characteristics of the soil in Heilongjiang Province. Quantitative analysis of the characteristics of changes in key variables of the soil freeze–thaw processes is of great sc...
Tropical cyclone (TC) motion has an important impact on both human lives and infrastructure. Predicting TC intensity is crucial, especially within the 24 h warning time. TC intensity change prediction can be regarded as a problem of both regression a...
Complex and diverse multi-attribute flight data can provide data-driven opportunities for airport flight delay prediction. However, it is a challenge to effectively and efficiently process multi-attribute flight data. This paper proposes a hybrid dyn...
Bedrock topography is known to affect subsurface water flow and thus the spatial distribution of pore water pressure, which is a key factor for determining slope stability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of bedrock topo...
Readily available environmental covariates in current digital soil mapping usually do not indicate the spatial differences between deep soil attributes. This, to a large extent, leads to a decrease in the accuracy of 3D soil mapping with depth, which...
This paper presents a new algorithm for assessing the reliability of three-dimensional (3D) slope stability considering the spatial variability of soil based on the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. First, a 3D random field is generated us...
We introduce a meshless method derived by considering the time variable as a spatial variable without the need to extend further conditions to the solution of linear and non-linear parabolic PDEs. The method is based on a moving least squares method,...
We look at estimates for the Green’s function of time-fractional evolution equations of the form
This study investigates the spatial signatures of seasonal snow in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations at different spatial scales and for different physiographic regions. Sentinel-1 C-band (SAR) backscattering coefficients (BSC) were analyze...
To address the stability of high embankment slopes and investigate the influence of spatial variability of gravel soil on slope stability, this study proposes a simplified reliability analysis method of slope stability. Based on FLAC3D, a numerical m...
Femtosecond laser induced changes on the topography of stainless steel with double pulses is investigated to reveal the role of parameters such as the fluence, the energy dose and the interpulse delay on the features of the produced patterns. Our res...
Conventional numerical models frequently neglect the effects of strain softening and the spatial variability of surrounding rock when addressing the design and construction of deep tunnels in complex geological settings, which leads to a large deviat...
Understanding the relationship between the demand for public transportation and land use is critical to promoting public-transportation-oriented urban development. Taking Beijing as an example, we took the Public Transportation Index (PTI) during the...
Rivers and streams are recognized as potential greenhouse gas (GHGs: CO2, CH4, and N2O) sources, contributing to global warming. However, GHG emissions from rivers and streams have received insufficient attention compared to other ecosystems (forests...
The ability to recognize rotated objects has been widely reported in the animal kingdom. Studies on animal and human spatial cognition highlighted the importance of visuo-spatial cognitive capability for surviving in a dynamic world. Although domesti...
In this study, the performance of two routing procedures were evaluated to estimate the two-dimensional dispersion coefficients. The two-dimensional Stream-Tube Routing Procedure (2D ST-RP) has been widely used to obtain the dispersion coefficients f...
A.S. Fokas has obtained integrable nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) in 4 + 2 dimensions by complexifying the independent variables. In this work, the complexification of the independent variables of the 2 + 1-dimensional Caudrey–...
Local governments are encouraged to compete in R&D investments and activities in China’s innovation system. We aim to understand the influence of government competition on regional R&D efficiency. We are also interested in examining how...
The stable water isotopes in snow (primarily 18O and 2H) are widely used for tracing hydrological and ecological processes. However, isotopic signatures of snow can be significantly modified by topography and land cover. This study assesses spatial a...
The imaging of high-speed high-squint synthetic aperture radar (HSHS-SAR), which is mounted on maneuvering platforms with curved trajectory, is a challenging task due to the existence of 3-D acceleration and the azimuth spatial variability of range m...
12 December 2024
How to effectively extract spectral and spatial information and apply it to hyperspectral image classification (HSIC) has been a hot research topic. In recent years, the transformer-based HSIC models have attracted much interest due to their advantag...
In this paper we explore relationships between bird species richness and environmental factors in New York State, focusing particularly on how spatial scale, autocorrelation and nonstationarity affect these relationships. We used spatial statistics,...
High-resolution air quality simulations are often performed using different nested domains and resolutions. In this study, the variability of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations estimated from two nested domains focused on Portugal (D2 and D3), wit...
Urban morphology has been empirically demonstrated to be self-organized and can be quantified by fractal dimension. However, the spatial variation rule of fractal features at the sub-zone scale has yet to be uncovered, as well as the relationship bet...
Geological entropy is based on Shannon information entropy and measures order in the structure of a spatial random variable. Metrics have been defined to quantify geological entropy in multidimensional (2D and 3D) heterogeneous systems, for instance,...
In order to solve the problem of one-dimensional code length, two-dimensional code spatial length, phase induced intensity noise PIIN effect, improved system capacity, and increased the number of simultaneous users, a new three-dimensional spectral/t...
The ocean behaves as a typical multiscale fractal structure, whose dynamic and thermal variabilities extend over a wide range of spatial scales, r, spanning from 10−3 to 107 m. Studying the statistical characteristics of multiscale fractal stru...
Accurate segmentation of Regions of Interest (ROI) in lung Computed Tomography (CT) is crucial for early lung cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. However, the variability in size, shape, and location of lung lesions, along with the complexity of...
In this study, a novel chromotropic acid-based color development method was proposed for quick estimation of soil nitrate (NO3−). The method utilized a 3D printed device integrated with the rear-end camera of a smartphone and a stand-alone appl...
China’s digital divide is explored through spatial and multivariate analysis. The dependent variables include general uses of information and communication technologies (ICTs) and mobile devices, measures of ICT infrastructure, purposeful uses...
Soil spatial variability is an inherent feature of natural strata, and random field theory provides an effective framework for quantifying it, aiding accurate deformation prediction. This study focuses on the tunnel section between Kepugongyuan and G...
This study was conducted to precisely map burned areas in fire-prone forest regions of İzmir and analyze the spatial distribution of wildfires. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, burn severity was first classified using the dNBR and dNDVI indic...
Adequate knowledge of tempo-spatial variability on soil hydraulic properties plays an important role in irrigation scheduling and precision farming. This study was conducted to compare the impact of tempo-spatial variations in long-term conservation...
The Perspective-n-Point problem is usually addressed by means of a projective imaging model of 3D points, but the spatial distribution and quantity of 3D reference points vary, making it difficult for the Perspective-n-Point algorithm to balance accu...
Road construction work has a multitude of impacts on its host environment, and the effect of these impacts varies according to the areas it crosses. Taking these impacts into account from the earliest stages of project planning is the ideal approach...
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