The gastrointestinal tract harbours the largest population of mast cells in the body; this highly specialised leukocyte cell type is able to adapt its phenotype and function to the microenvironment in which it resides. Mast cells react to external an...
Combating pathogenic microorganisms in an era of ever-increasing drug resistance is crucial. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial mechanism of three-compound nanocomposites that were based on graphene materials. To determine the nan...
Retinal graft survival and post-treatment visual improvement do not, alone or together, demonstrate functional cell replacement. Apparent benefit may reflect material transfer, trophic rescue, residual host function or procedural and measurement effe...
The therapeutic potential of directly reprogrammed neural stem cells (iNSCs) for neurodegenerative diseases relies on reducing the innate tumorigenicity of pluripotent stem cells. However, the heterogeneity within iNSCs is a major hurdle in quality c...
The reactivation of telomerase enables cancer cells to maintain the telomere length, bypassing replicative senescence and achieving cellular immortality. In addition to its canonical role in telomere maintenance, accumulating evidence highlights telo...
Neural cell transplantation targeting peripheral nerves is a potential treatment regime for denervated muscle atrophy. This study aimed to develop a new therapeutic technique for intractable muscle atrophy by the xenotransplantation of neural stem ce...
We investigated the role of the gold nanoparticles functionalized with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP–AuNPs) on the innate immune response against an acute infection caused by Vibrio anguillarum in an in vitro immunological nonmammalian next-generation mo...
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are the key to muscle regeneration. The activation and maintenance of MuSCs require the precise regulation of their microenvironments. Myofibers and other cells including endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and immune cell popul...
Sialic acids are sugars with a nine-carbon backbone, present on the surface of all cells in humans, including immune cells and their target cells, with various functions. Natural Killer (NK) cells are cells of the innate immune system, capable of kil...
The functional avidity of T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells towards their cognate epitope plays a crucial role in successfully targeting and killing tumor cells expressing the tumor-associated antigen (TAA). When evaluating in vitro functional...
Sepsis is a complex clinical syndrome closely associated with the occurrence of acute organ dysfunction and is often characterized by high mortality. Due to the rapid progression of sepsis, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial. Recent researc...
Regenerative medicine is extensively interested in developing cell therapies using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with applications to several aging-associated diseases. For successful therapies, a substantial number of cells are needed, requiring ex...
Plant cell walls are dynamic structural matrices that provide mechanical support while regulating growth, transport, environmental sensing, and defense. Their properties emerge from the coordinated biosynthesis, deposition, assembly, and remodeling o...
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a complex thrombo-inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). Women with APS are at high risk of recurrent early pregnancy loss as well as late obstetrical com...
Testing of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) for immune monitoring purposes requires verification of their functionality. This is of particular concern when the PBMC have been shipped or stored for prolonged periods of time. While the CEF (Cy...
Regular consumption of dietary sugars can cause significant damage to the β-cells. Almost a century after the discovery of insulin, it has been suggested that the frequent consumption of certain carbohydrates can damage pancreatic β-cells,...
As the basic unit of life, analogous cells possess efficient spatial utilization, material exchange, and information transmission characteristics which provide important insights for micro-community planning and design. Based on three functional attr...
Dynamic insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis are dependent on the appropriate maturation and function of pancreatic β-cells. The islet-enriched musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene family A (MAFA) transcription factor acts as a master r...
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive human malignancy. Recent advances in GBM research have highlighted innovative therapeutic approaches, including the use of small molecules that eliminate GBM in mouse models. However, there are few reports on the r...
Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most common and severe complications of lupus. However, the mechanisms for renal damage have not been well elucidated. There are evidences show that glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are damaged in LN. Immune comp...
Although α-1,3-glucan is a major cell wall polysaccharide in filamentous fungi, its biological functions remain unclear, except that it acts as a virulence factor in animal and plant pathogenic fungi: it conceals cell wall β-glucan on the fungal cell...
Cellular therapy has shown promise as a strategy for the functional restoration of ischemic tissues through promoting vasculogenesis. Therapy with endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) has shown encouraging results in preclinical studies, but the limit...
The interaction of natural killer (NK) and trophoblast cells underlies the formation of immune tolerance in the mother–fetus system and the maintenance of the physiological course of pregnancy. In addition, NK cells affect the function of troph...
Induction of long-lasting immunity by dendritic cells (DCs) makes them attractive candidates for anti-tumor vaccination. Although DC vaccinations are generally considered safe, clinical responses remain inconsistent in clinical trials. This initiated...
The transplantation of injury/ischemia-induced stem cells (iSCs) extracted from post-stroke human brains can improve the neurological functions of mice after stroke. However, the usefulness of iSCs as an alternative stem cell source remains unclear....
Background Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by multiple clinical symptoms, complex pathophysiology, and limited therapeutic agents. Emerging evidence indicates a role for immune dysregulation in the pathog...
The search for target antigens for CAR-T cell therapy against multiple myeloma defined the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) as an interesting candidate. Several studies with BCMA-directed CAR-T cell therapy showed promising results. Second-generation...
The capacity of T cells to identify and kill cancer cells has become a central pillar of immune-based cancer therapies. However, T cells are characterized by a dysfunctional state in most tumours. A major obstacle for proper T-cell function is the me...
The modification of wood cell walls is based on the characteristics of the chemical composition and structure of the cell wall. Various physical and chemical modifications to these characteristics enhance the original properties of the cell wall and...
Post-COVID syndrome develops in 10–20% of people who have recovered from COVID-19 and it is characterized by impaired function of the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Previously, it was found that patients who recovered from infecti...
Recently, many nanomedical studies have been focused on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) because MNPs possess attractive properties for potential uses in imaging, drug delivery, and theranostics. MNPs must have optimized size as well as functionalized s...
Sickle cell anemia (SCA), the most common form of sickle cell disease (SCD), is a genetic blood disorder. Red blood cells break down prematurely, causing anemia and often blocking blood vessels, leading to chronic pain, organ damage, and increased in...
Natural killer T cells (NKT) are a subset of T lymphocytes bridging innate and adaptive immunity. These cells recognize self and microbial glycolipids bound to non-polymorphic and highly conserved CD1d molecules. Three NKT cell subsets, type I, II, a...
The NAD+-dependent deacetylases Sirt1 and Sirt2 mediate cellular stress responses and are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells. In contrast to the well-documented protective actions of Sirt1, the role of endothelial Sirt2 remains unknown....
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a group of enzymes called “epigenetic erasers”. They remove the acetyl group from histones changing the condensation state of chromatin, leading to epigenetic modification of gene expression and various do...
3D bioprinting of hydrogel–cell composites requires simultaneous consideration of the biomechanical properties of the printed structures, the construct’s geometric stability, and conditions conducive to cell survival and function. Hydroge...
We discuss the problem of electron transfer (ET) in mixed valence (MV) molecules that is at the core of molecular Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA) functioning. Theoretical modelling of tetrameric bi-electronic MV molecular square (prototype of basic Q...
Our understanding of the function and development of the lymphatic system is expanding rapidly due to the identification of specific molecular markers and the availability of novel genetic approaches. In connection, it has been demonstrated that mech...
Autophagy is an important system conserved in eukaryotes that maintains homeostasis by degrading abnormal proteins. Autophagy incompetence in intestinal epithelial cells causes the abnormal function of intestinal stem cells and other cells and damage...
Studies over the last two decades have revealed profound immunomodulatory aspects of vitamin D on various aspects of the immune system. This review will provide an overview of Vitamin D metabolism, a description of dendritic cell subsets, and highlig...
The concept of functional and novel foods undoubtedly bears great potential as an asset to human health. However, this very same quest for ever new bioactive ingredients calls for reliable and distinct risk assessment as they may be potentially hazar...
Intestinal magnesium (Mg) uptake is essential for systemic Mg homeostasis. Colon cells express the two highly homologous transient receptor potential melastatin type (TRPM) 6 and 7 Mg2+ channels, but their precise function and the consequences of the...
Sediment microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were developed in which the complex substrates present in the sediment could be oxidized by microbes for electron production. In this study, the functional prediction of microbial communities of anode-associated s...
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in the gestational period damages the reproductive health of offspring; detailed evidence regarding BPA-induced damage in testicular germ cells of offspring is still limited. In this study, pregnant mice (F0) were gavage...
Human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neuron cultures have emerged as models of electrical activity in the human brain. Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) measure changes in the extracellular electric potential of cell cultures or tissues and enable t...
In this paper, we construct an Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) dynamics model with impairment of B-cell functions and the general incidence rate. We incorporate three types of infected cells, (i) latently-infected cells, which contain the virus, b...
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a neutrophil-derived enzyme that has been recently associated with tumour development. However, the mechanisms by which this enzyme exerts its functions remain unclear. In this study, we investigated whether myeloperoxidase c...
Embryonic stem (ES) and induced-pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be grown indefinitely under appropriate conditions whilst retaining the ability to differentiate to cells representative of the three primary germ layers. Such cells have the potenti...
The liver is a complex organ with critical physiological functions including metabolism, glucose storage, and drug detoxification. Its unique immune profile with large numbers of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and significant innate lymphoid population, incl...
Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fl...
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