Process Induced Variability (PIV) stemming from fabrication tolerance can impact the performance of integrated circuits. This issue is particularly significant at high frequencies, since Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs) rely on advanc...
Frequent transit services in urban areas have the potential to increase their accessibility to transit-dependent riders and reduce congestion by attracting new ridership through a modal shift. However, bus services operating in mixed traffic face ope...
Inter-individual variability in drug efficacy and toxicity remains a major challenge in modern healthcare, particularly as aging populations are increasingly exposed to polypharmacy and complex treatment regimens [...]
Achievement gaps refer to the difference in the performance on assessments of students belonging to different social groups. Achievement gaps between ethnic groups have been observed in countries with heterogeneous populations. In this paper, achieve...
A gap with variable geometry is presented for both cantilever beam and fixed-fixed beam actuators as a method to reduce the pull-in voltage while maintaining a required displacement. The method is applicable to beams oriented either in a plane parall...
Air quality data sets are widely used in numerous analyses. Missing values are ubiquitous in air quality data sets as the data are collected through sensors. Recovery of missing data is a challenging task in the data preprocessing stage. This task be...
The sea surface skin temperature (SSTskin) is of critical importance with regard to air–sea interactions and marine carbon circulation. At present, no single remote sensor is capable of providing a gap-free SSTskin. The use of data fusion techn...
This paper assesses pedestrian crossing behavior and critical gaps at a two-way midblock crossing location. A critical gap is the shortest gap that a pedestrian accepts when crossing a road. A dataset was collected in 2017 in Edinburgh (UK). The anal...
Temperature is a well-known effector of several transmission factors of mosquito-borne viruses, including within mosquito dynamics. These dynamics are often characterized by vector competence and the extrinsic incubation period (EIP). Vector competen...
In the study, we investigate the relationships between renewable energy consumption sub-indicators of G-8 countries and financial development, credit gap risk, and R&D expenditure from 1996 to 2018. The relationships among the variables in the st...
The present study was focused on how cardinal directions inside gaps of different sizes (small, 200 m2; medium, 400 m2; and large, 600 m2) can affect soil characteristics and tree regeneration. Additionally, the effects of gap size on the growth dyna...
This paper presents an air-gap magnetic field manipulation by optimized coil currents for a magnetic force enhancement in electromechanical devices. The external coil is designed near the device air-gap for manipulating the magnetic field distributio...
29 July 2020
Food insecurity is a leading public health challenge in the United States. In Columbus, Ohio, as in many American cities, there exists a great disparity between Black and White households in relation to food insecurity. This study investigates the de...
A key determinant of the capacity of unsignalized intersection approaches operating under priority control is the gap acceptance behavior of drivers. The parameter commonly used to characterize this behavior is the critical gap, which is the minimum...
Traditional approaches to predicting business cycles are limited by their omission of financial variables, which, in turn, leads to failures to signal financial-sector crises and to misestimate the duration and intensity of economic events. This stud...
This study aims to investigate the influence of digital financial inclusion on China’s urban–rural income disparity. A comparative analysis on income differences between western and eastern regions in China was conducted in this paper. Th...
Gap size is one of the main variables used to quantify the environmental consequences of forest management that can help in quantifying and monitoring changes in clearing areas. This study aimed to characterize gaps from harvested individuals, quanti...
Tropical forests are major sources of global terrestrial evapotranspiration (ET), but these heterogeneous landscapes pose a challenge for continuous estimates of ET, so few studies are conducted, and observation gaps persist. New spaceborne products...
The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) region has been widely used in fungal diversity studies. Environmental metabarcoding has increased the importance of the fungal DNA barcode in documenting fungal diversity and distribution. Th...
In the digital age, it is critical to understand the nexus between digital technology (DT) and land rent-out behavior (LRB). It has implications for reducing the rate of land abandonment to achieve sustainable agricultural development. A large datase...
For decades, cancer has remained a persistent health challenge; this project represents a significant stride towards refining treatment approaches and prognostic insights. Proton beam therapy, a radiation therapy modality employing high-energy proton...
Human capital in hospitality has been widely addressed by applying sophisticated econometric methods. However, for the Spanish case, there was a gap in the analyses as the crucial importance of collective agreements was undervalued. This paper redesi...
This paper investigates the impact of corporate ESG performance on internal pay gaps using data from Chinese A-share listed companies from 2013 to 2023. Our study finds that, after controlling for relevant variables and fixed effects for firms and ye...
In this study, a micromachined chip in Otto configuration with multiple air-gaps (1.86 μm, 2.42 μm, 3.01 μm, 3.43 μm) was fabricated, and the resonance characteristics for each air-gap was measured with a 980 nm laser source. To verify the variabilit...
Objective: To evaluate inter-surgeon variability in mediolateral joint balance assessment during robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using the robotic surgical assistant (ROSA) Knee System, and to determine whether such variability influen...
The aim of the paper is to analyze changes and peculiarities of behavior of economic agents with bounded rationality in the New Keynesian model, in which imported equipment and technology are one of the factors of production, and households consume o...
Under-reporting of tuberculosis (TB) disease in children and adolescents is a significant global concern, as many children are missing from TB notification data. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the global reporting gap of c...
Promoting pro-environmental behaviors among individuals in the community is crucial to increase community resilience and to address environmental challenges. However, a persistent intention–behavior gap often exists, particularly in separate pr...
Preserving the utility of published datasets while simultaneously providing provable privacy guarantees is a well-known challenge. On the one hand, context-free privacy solutions, such as differential privacy, provide strong privacy guarantees, but o...
Missing data and low data quality are common issues in field observations of actual evapotranspiration (ETa) from eddy-covariance systems, which necessitates the need for gap-filling techniques to improve data quality and utility for further analyses...
Level-3 (L3) Earth observation (EO) products are commonly generated through temporal compositing, smoothing, and gap-filling of Level-2 retrievals. While these procedures provide spatially and temporally continuous datasets, they rely on interpolatio...
Studying the effect of the digital economy on the urban–rural income gap is essential for promoting sustainable urban–rural development and achieving common prosperity. This study uses the Spatial Durbin Model to examine the effect of the...
This review defines and measures the growing asymmetry between variable renewable generation and energy storage in the European power system and assesses its implications for energy sustainability. The storage gap is defined as the shortfall of avail...
Temporal gaps within the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) (gap: 20 months), between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On (GRACE-FO) missions (gap: 11 months), and within GRACE-FO record (gap: 2 months) make it difficult to analyze and interpret s...
Process designs based on deterministic simulations without considering parameter uncertainty or variability have a high probability of failing to meet specifications. In this work, uncertainty and global sensitivity analyses were applied to a biogas...
Controlling part-to-part gaps is a crucial task in the laser welding of galvanized steel sheets for ensuring the quality of the assembly joint. However, part-to-part gaps are frequently non-uniform. Hence, elevations and depressions from the perspect...
In addition to being necessary for the stability, coordination, and sustainable growth of the national economy, narrowing the urban–rural income gap is also an “Important national matter” for the long-term security of the nation. &l...
The COVID-19 health crisis brought with it an increase in the workload on family members due to the restriction of services and the suspension of formal and informal care networks. Numerous studies have analyzed how home confinement have affected dif...
While double-layer insulation structures are widely adopted, their thermal performance is critically dependent on the thermophysical behavior of the interstitial air cavity, a variable often oversimplified in current design practices. This article mo...
Obtaining large-scale, long-term, and spatial continuous soil moisture (SM) data is crucial for climate change, hydrology, and water resource management, etc. ESA CCI SM is such a large-scale and long-term SM (longer than 40 years until now). However...
This study refines the application of unmanned aerial vehicle light detection and ranging (UAV-LiDAR) for forest parameter extraction, focusing on calibration aspects of random forest models within subtropical mixed forests. A notable inverse correla...
Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by progressive musculoskeletal damage, chronic pain, and functional heterogeneity. To better quantify this variability, we introduced the concept of the functional age gap, defin...
Forest management alters forest site; however, information is still limited about how different silvicultural treatments modify abiotic conditions. We compared the effects of four treatments from three different forestry systems on forest microclimat...
Given the complex spatiotemporal variability of aerosols, high-frequency satellite observations are essential for accurately mapping their distribution. However, optical remote sensing encounters difficulties in detecting Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD)...
The recent multidimensional crisis has harmed the global economy because countries are currently integrated. In this study, we examine the spillover effect of the United States (US) interest rate on the output gap of ASEAN+3 countries using the dynam...
20 January 2022
Overweight and obesity are often explained by an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. This, in addition to metabolic effects, makes it difficult to assess the real state of individual energy balance. This study aims to analyze the energy...
Automotive chassis components, constructed as lap joints and produced by gas metal arc welding (GMAW), require fatigue durability. The fatigue properties of the weld in a lap joint are largely determined by weld geometry factors. When there is no gap...
Nature reserves serve as core areas for maintaining ecological functions in karst regions, and their conservation efficacy and surrounding influence are crucial to ecological security. However, knowledge gaps remain regarding spillover effects, drivi...
25 July 2021
Background: This study investigated trends in cancer-related avoidable (preventable and treatable) mortality and its association with area deprivation in Korea. Methods: Cancer-related avoidable mortality rates per 100,000 population between 2015 and...
The paper presents an optimisation workflow for modelling of a periodic mechanical structure in the form of a multi-material, axisymmetric beam. The optimisation objective is to prescribe the positions and widths of selected band gaps within a target...
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