Metals, Volume 16, Issue 9

A healing method for fatigue damage was investigated by laser shock treatment with a Nd:YAG nanosecond laser shock device for AA 7075-T651 aluminum alloy. It was found that a stable residual compressive stress field was generated by the improved lase...

CoCrMo-based alloy wires manufactured by powder metallurgy and casting processes for wear-resistant coatings of aerospace turbine blades are taken as the research objects in this study, and TIG hardfacing experiments are carried out. Microstructure c...

The microstructure, ionic transport, diffusivity-based viscosity estimates, and surface tension of CaO–SiO₂–FeO–MgO(–Al₂O₃) steelmaking slags were investigated in the homogeneous liquid state by molecular dynamics simulation....

CO₂ corrosion is one of the major failure mechanisms affecting oil well tubular steels during oil and gas extraction. Although high-Cr stainless steels exhibit excellent corrosion resistance, their high cost limits practical applications. Therefore,...

Aluminum volatilization during electron beam cold hearth melting (EBCHM) makes precise composition control of titanium alloys difficult. In this study, a thermodynamic–kinetic framework was established to describe Al evaporation, and a Global P...

Al-7Cu-0.3Mg alloys with different Cr contents were prepared by melting and casting. The microstructure and tensile mechanical properties of the as-cast and T6 heat-treated alloys were investigated at room temperature and 350 °C. The results show...

Controlling the final microstructure of C-Mn and microalloyed C-Mn-Nb steels requires understanding how the prior austenite state and cooling path determine the transformation products, morphology, and mechanical response. In this work, a microstruct...

Hybrid lightweight structures increasingly combine cast, wrought, and additively manufactured aluminum alloys, but the mechanical response of their welded joints remains strongly material-dependent. In this study, cast EN AC-42100-T6, wrought EN AW-6...

As the global community moves toward carbon neutrality by 2050, the iron and steel industries are facing significant pressure to reduce CO₂ emissions. Direct reduction processes using hydrogen-rich gases are emerging as a critical alternative to trad...

Submarine mast covers are critical cantilever appendages subjected to extreme hydrostatic pressure during submerged transit. To ensure structural reliability and control internal defects inherent in heavy-section casting, an integrated design-to-manu...

Despite advances in digital engineering tools, early-stage sheet metal forming tooling design remains strongly dependent on the tacit knowledge of experienced engineers, making systematic knowledge reuse difficult. This study addresses the need for a...

This study systematically investigated the thermal deformation characteristics of industrial-grade Q690 HSLA steel under different temperatures and strain rates through isothermal compression tests conducted on the Gleeble-3500 simulator. The flow st...

Tin smelting in a top-blowing furnace is a key non-ferrous metallurgical process in which tin recovery, energy consumption, and the service life of the magnesia–chrome refractory lining are affected by strongly coupled operating variables. The...

Spent lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄, LFP) batteries contain considerable amounts of Fe; however, most conventional recycling processes primarily target Li recovery, while Fe is often discarded or utilized as a low-value residue. In this study, an i...

This study investigated the root cause of severe corrosion damage observed on G-X4CrNi13-4 martensitic stainless steel turbine blades at the Brežice hydroelectric power plant on the Sava River in Slovenia. The investigation employed a comprehens...

Lithium-thionyl chloride (Li-SOCl₂) primary batteries contain a large amount of lithium and are increasingly being produced as hazardous waste, but little work has been done on recycling these batteries. This study reports an efficient process for th...

Minor alloying elements play critical roles in the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of wrought superalloys. The wrought GH3230 Ni-based superalloys with boron (B) contents ranging from 0.0018 to 0.0088 wt.% were prepared by a casti...

Crude antimony containing 8–9 wt.% sodium and, in some cases, up to 25–26 wt.% sodium is obtained during the carbothermic reduction of sodium antimonate through crucible smelting. The boundaries of vapour–liquid equilibrium on the S...

4Cr13 martensitic stainless steel is widely used for plastic molds, but welding repair can produce heterogeneous weld/HAZ microstructures and a strength–toughness trade-off. This study evaluates how filler-wire composition and post-weld heat tr...

Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted to investigate the mechanical anisotropy of rolled 2024 aluminum alloy sheets subjected to different cryogenic treatment durations along the rolling direction (0°), diagonal direction (45°), and transvers...

Real-time monitoring of laser welding of metal–polymer joints is essential for modern automated production, and effective online quality characterization is critically required for industrial deployment. In this exploratory laboratory study, in...

This study investigates the hot-deformation behavior and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) kinetics of 12Cr2Mo1V steel for heavy forgings of large hydrogenation reactors. Gleeble isothermal compression tests were performed at 950–1200 °C and...

Developing efficient technologies for vanadium recovery from refractory raw materials requires an understanding of the thermodynamic and electrochemical behavior of vanadium during acid leaching. This study investigates hydrogen peroxide-assisted sul...

Accurate identification of constitutive parameters is essential for reliable finite element simulations of sheet metal forming processes. Conventional inverse identification techniques, such as Finite Element Model Updating (FEMU), generally require...

For laser additive manufacturing components, subsequent heat treatment is crucial for regulating the material microstructure and properties. This paper investigates the evolution of microstructure and precipitates in GH3536 nickel-based superalloy fa...

Recycled aluminum has emerged as an excellent alternative for producing new alloys. The development of multicomponent alloys has led to products with enhanced properties, and the aluminum alloy market has increased. This study utilized squeeze castin...

This study investigated the effect of magnet working distance on the external magnetic-field distribution, weld-nugget geometry, and mechanical response of GMW2/H1000 dissimilar steel joints produced by magnetic-field-assisted resistance spot welding...

This study investigates the influence of interpass temperature on the dynamic tensile deformation behavior of 316L stainless steel. Specimens were fabricated using cold metal transfer (CMT)-based wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) at interpass te...

Medium-silica fluxed iron ore pellets are a key burden material for blast furnace ironmaking, offering advantages of high iron grade and low energy consumption. However, their industrial application is constrained by low strength and fragmentation du...

The corrosion response of a Co-6Ti-11V-9Cr superalloy was investigated in 0.05 mol/L H₂SO₄ containing 0, 0.01, 0.1 or 0.5 mol/L NaCl. Open-circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarisation, scanning e...

The effects of Ru on Re segregation and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behavior were investigated in two model single-crystal superalloys, Ni-8.5Al-4Re and Ni-8.5Al-4Re-2Ru (wt.%). Microstructural morphology, elemental distribution, fatigue deformation beha...

This study addresses the challenges of porosity defects and grain coarsening inherent to local dry underwater laser welding of 304 austenitic stainless steel, a material widely used in nuclear power and marine engineering. To mitigate these issues, l...

Ti65 is a promising structural material for lightweight high-temperature aerospace components, yet the heat-treatment response of Ti65 fabricated by electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF) remains insufficiently understood. In this study, EB-PBF Ti6...

Conventional corrosivity assessment requires gravimetric measurements over exposure periods of at least one year (ISO 9223/9226), limiting rapid maintenance decisions for infrastructure. To address this gap, a predictive model for atmospheric corrosi...

Fe/Cr substitution in α-Al₁₂(Fe,Cr)₃Si₂-type intermetallic particles was investigated using first-principles calculations combined with the Debye–Grüneisen model over 0–850 K at zero external pressure. To examine Fe/Cr mixing w...

In this work, conventional friction stir lap welding (FSLW), self-riveting FSLW (R-FSLW) and ultrasonic-assisted R-FSLW (UR-FSLW) were employed to join dissimilar AA6061 and AZ31 alloys. The relatively thick Al-Mg intermetallic compound (IMC) layer p...

During the reductive smelting of nickel–cobalt hydroxide enrichments, the migration behavior of typical impurities has a direct impact on the quality of crude nickel and the subsequent electrorefining process. In this study, pre-reduced calcine...

Engineering components often require different properties in different regions, and a single material may not provide all of them. Reliable joining is important for refractory metal–steel, dissimilar superalloy, and Ti/Mg combinations. Field-as...

In this work, multi-material joints of three biocompatible low-modulus titanium alloys—Ti15Ta, Ti10Ta2Nb2Zr, and Ti13Nb13Zr5Cu—were produced and systematically investigated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for the development of function...

SACM645 steel is a representative nitriding steel containing aluminum, chromium, and molybdenum, and is widely applied to mechanical components where high surface hardness, wear resistance, and fatigue strength are required. Because its strengthening...

Graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs)-reinforced AlSi10Mg composites were fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM), and their corrosion resistance was systematically investigated as a function of GNPs content (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt.%) and corrosion dura...

Ti-Fe alloys with improved strength-plasticity trade-off are promising low-cost engineering materials. In this work, we report the attainment of an A2 + B2-type superalloy microstructure featuring a low-angle twist boundary in an aged Ti₇₈Fe₂₂ alloy....

γ-TiAl-based alloys are promising lightweight materials for high-temperature applications, but their insufficient oxidation resistance near 800 °C remains a major limitation. This study aims to clarify the short-term oxidation behavior and...

Establishing an explicit correlation between dynamic machining instabilities and the terminal functional performance of difficult-to-cut materials remains challenging. Herein, a wireless sensory BT50 toolholder was deployed to in situ monitor the dyn...

Aluminum alloys used in aircraft structures are susceptible to corrosion fatigue cracking under combined aggressive environments and cyclic loading, threatening structural integrity. Pure data-driven models often fail under distribution shifts, while...

Electrochemical machining is widely recognized as a high-efficiency, low-cost and high-precision non-traditional machining technology for the manufacturing of turbine blade components. Nevertheless, in the practical electrochemical machining of turbi...

Despite extensive research on iron-based metal matrix composites (Fe-based MMCs), an integrated assessment linking fabrication methods, reinforcement architectures, interface engineering, and strengthening mechanisms remains limited. This review summ...

The growing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), particularly in the field of electromobility, is leading to an increasing need for efficient and sustainable recycling processes. In addition to the recovery of strategically important metals, such...

During underwater laser welding, the coupling among water cooling, gas–liquid interface disturbances, and metal-vapor recoil pressure means that the relationships among plasma evolution, the thermal state of the keyhole, and spatter behavior re...

Binder-jetted metallic components retain residual porosity after sintering, which can substantially affect their mechanical and tribological performance. This study clarifies how sintering-induced pore evolution and Cu infiltration influence the wear...