28 June 2022
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) diagnoses are increasing in Japan. Some patients have symptoms that are difficult to control, and further research on IBD is needed. Claims databases, which have a large sample size, can be useful for IBD research. Ho...
‘Bulletproof Coffee’, a popular beverage composed of coffee, grass-fed butter, and medium-chain triglyceride oil, has gained significant attention for its purported benefits including cognitive enhancement, increased alertness and energy,...
As incidences of osteoporotic hip fractures (OHFs) have increased, identifying OHFs has become important to establishing the medical guidelines for their management. This study was conducted to develop an operational definition to identify patients w...
Objectives: To validate claims-based algorithms for identifying thyroid eye disease (TED) cases and assess whether machine learning can improve case identification in a large, linked real-world dataset. Methods: Using a large, linked database from Ko...
Background: Dental insurance claims data are vital for research in oral health, epidemiology, and policy. However, issues like data quality, coding standards, validity, interoperability, and analytical approaches hinder their use. This review outline...
An ongoing challenge in olive oil analytics is the development of a reliable procedure that can draw the consensus of all interested parties regarding the quantification of concentrations above the required minimum value of 5 mg of bioactive “o...
The idea of symmetry, which is used to describe the shape of a probability distribution, is a key concept in the theory of probability. The use of symmetric and asymmetric distributions is common in statistical inference, decision-making, and probabi...
Objectives: We introduce the conceptual framework for the Adversarial Claim Robustness Diagnostics (ACRD) protocol, a novel tool for assessing how factual claims withstand ideological distortion. Methods: Based on semantics, adversarial collaboration...
Public generative artificial intelligence (GenAI)–student datasets invite contested links between AI intensity, usage style, and grades, yet many analyses treat predictive accuracy or significant coefficients as sufficient evidence while skippi...
Scientific evidence is fundamental to uncovering insights about health, including food and nutritional claims. Substantiating such claims requires robust scientific procedures that often include clinical studies, biochemical analyses, and the examina...
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly expanded across medical imaging with proposed applications in diagnosis, prognostication, and surgical planning. Concerns remain regarding methodological robustness and clinical readines...
The analysis of the secoiridoid type of phenolic compounds present in virgin olive oil has become a challenging area of research since the first evidence of their presence in the polar fraction of the oil. Separation techniques, mainly liquid chromat...
16 April 2022
This study aimed to develop and validate claims-based algorithms for identifying live birth, fetal death, and cesarean section by utilizing administrative data from a university hospital in Japan. We included women who visited the Department of Obste...
We consider the well-known stochastic reserve estimation methods on the basis of generalized linear models, such as the (over-dispersed) Poisson model, the gamma model and the log-normal model. For the likely variability of the claims reserve, bootst...
Skewed probability distributions are important when modeling skewed data sets because they provide a way to describe the shape of the distribution and estimate the likelihood of extreme events. Asymmetric probability distributions have the potential...
Alcohol-free beer is increasingly marketed with the claim “isotonic”. According to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), isotonic beverages should have an osmolality in a range of 270–330 mOsmol/kg. A method to determine osmolality in beer using...
21 April 2022
The objective of this study was to qualitatively summarise the content of online news articles pertaining to food parenting practices and determine whether this content is substantiated by the scientific literature. News article data were identified...
In this study, we consider the problem of zero claims in a liability insurance portfolio and compare the predictability of three models. We use French motor third party liability (MTPL) insurance data, which has been used for a pricing game, and show...
The use of healthcare insurance claims data for urinary incontinence (UI) pads has the potential to serve as an objective measure for assessing post-radical prostatectomy UI rates, but its validity for this purpose has not been established. The aim o...
For seventeen centuries, basilica-plan churches have remained among Christianity’s most enduring architectural forms. Scholars have long argued that features such as bell towers, axial orientation toward the altar, upward light, noble materials...
Focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) provides site-specific access to buried interfaces, particle interiors, porous electrode architectures, and localized degradation regions in energy materials. This capability is particularly val...
The rapidly growing amount and importance of data across all aspects of organisations and society have led to urgent calls for better, more comprehensive and applicable approaches to data governance. One key driver of this is the use of data in machi...
Salinity stress constrains horticultural production in protected cultivation, hydroponics, coastal agriculture and reclaimed-water irrigation. This critical narrative review and evidence map synthesizes a DOI-verified core corpus of 160 peer-reviewed...
Background/Objectives: Hyponatremia is a clinically important electrolyte disorder in older adults, yet early identification is hindered by complex, non-linear interactions between comorbidities and polypharmacy. This study aimed to develop and exter...
The health claims of olive oil represent an important marketing lever in raising the willingness to pay for a product, but world producers of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) do not take advantage of it because there are still obstacles to their use. Am...
In this paper, we study an extension of the classical compound Poisson risk model with a dependence structure among the inter-claim time and the subsequent claim size. Under a flexible dependence structure and assuming that the claim amounts are heav...
Research highlights how usage and claims of Islamophobia tend to be simplistic and without nuance. Using a case study approach, this article considers the claims of Islamophobia made in relation to the proposed Dudley ‘super-mosque’. Setting out a na...
Cosmetic formulations have evolved significantly over the years. These are no longer viewed merely as beauty-enhancing products. Rather, they are expected to deliver additional benefits to the skin that positively affect the skin health. There is a r...
Existing anomaly and intrusion detection schemes of wireless sensor networks have mainly focused on the detection of intrusions. Once the intrusion is detected, an alerts or claims will be generated. However, any unidentified malicious nodes in the n...
The construction sector of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), valued at USD 152 billion and employing 2.54 million people by 2023, is crucial to its economy. However, it faces challenges such as delays, disputes, and cost overruns. This study aims to...
The Devylder–Goovaerts conjecture is probably the oldest conjecture in actuarial mathematics and has received a lot of attention in recent years. It claims that ruin with equalized claim amounts is always less likely than in the classical model...
The hazard components of National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) claims data in Florida were systematically analyzed and revised in the current study. The provided fields in NFIP claims data are not always complete or accurate and are often missing....
The widely used Poisson count process in insurance claims modeling is no longer valid if the claims occurrences exhibit dispersion. In this paper, we consider the aggregate discounted claims of an insurance risk portfolio under Weibull counting proce...
In claiming that expertise are unnecessary for making discoveries that contribute to knowledge, Sutton and Griffiths in their 2018 paper made analogous comparisons with metal detection, then proceeded to provide six examples in support of their argum...
In his book The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross (1970), John Marco Allegro claimed that an obscure, 12th century CE fresco of the Fall of Adam and Eve in the Plaincourault Chapel in Mérigny, France, provided evidence of the persistence in Christ...
This paper provides the first monthly frequency analysis and multi-year forecast of the non-life insurance market in Albania. We construct a harmonized monthly dataset of gross written premiums and gross paid claims covering 2010 to mid-2026 from the...
In the past two decades increasing computational power resulted in the development of more advanced claims reserving techniques, allowing the stochastic branch to overcome the deterministic methods, resulting in forecasts of enhanced quality. Hence,...
This study evaluates four machine learning (ML) techniques (Decision Trees (DT), Random Forests (RF), Neural Networks (NN) and Probabilistic Neural Networks (PNN)) on their ability to accurately predict export credit insurance claims. Additionally, w...
Claims that large language models lack intelligence are abundant in current AI discourse. To the extent that the claims are supported by arguments, these usually amount to claims that the models (a) lack common sense, (b) know only facts they have be...
Legumes are valued in agricultural systems, as they can contribute to a more sustainable land use. However, their economic value is low. Despite health and environmental benefits, marketers struggle to communicate the worth of legumes to consumers. W...
Double counting in supply-chain carbon accounting can arise when an emission-related claim remains usable after splitting or integration. Existing systems can strengthen traceability, evidence integrity, or ex-post auditing without defining whether a...
Contingent claims, such as bonds, swaps, and options, are financial derivatives whose payoffs depend on uncertain future real values of underlying assets which emphasize various real-world applications. In general, valuations for contingent claims ca...
Source-grounded generative AI can produce plausible outputs while leaving relations among source records, representations, retrieved evidence, claims, decisions, corrections, and downstream reuse difficult to reconstruct. This critical-integrative re...
Digital product passports outline information about a product’s lifecycle, circularity, and sustainability-related data. Sustainability data contains claims about carbon footprint, recycled material composition, ethical sourcing of production m...
Finding passages related to a sentence over a large collection of text documents is a fundamental task for claim verification and open-domain question answering. For instance, a common approach for verifying a claim is to extract short snippets of re...
Caffeine is an alkaloid belonging to the methylated xanthine family. It is found in various foods of plant origin, including tea leaves, guarana berries, and coffee beans. Due to its stimulating effect on the central nervous system and the associated...
Background/Objectives: Reproductive-health topics such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, fertility, and menstruation attract both unsupported claims and stigmatizing framing on social media. We present an evidence-grounded pipeline...
Globally, 20% to 40% of medical resources are wasted, which could be avoided through professional audit of health insurance claims. The professional audit can pinpoint excessive use of unnecessary medicines and medical examinations. Taiwan’s Na...
The spread of unverified health claims about drugs, dietary supplements, and alternative remedies on social media poses a growing public health concern. In this study, we present a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) pipeline that uses large languag...
Environmental claims shape online product evaluation despite limited verifiability. This study examines whether claim architecture changed around the 27 March 2026 EU transposition deadline and whether adjustment varied by certification and baseline...
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