4,110 Results Found

Since the use of the most stable Pb-based materials in the electronic industry has been banned due to human health concerns, numerous research studies have focused on Pb-free materials such as pure tin and its alloys for electronic applications. Pure...

Tin was recovered in metal from an industrial tin-bearing byproduct containing Na₂SO₄ by carbothermic reduction smelting, and the effects of basicity (Na₂O/SiO₂), temperature, and reaction time on the recovery of tin were studied. Na₂SO₄ was reduced...

The tin could be volatilized and removed effectively from the tin-bearing iron concentrate while roasted in an atmosphere of SO₂ and CO. The reduction of SO₂ by CO occurred in preference to the SnO₂ and Fe₃O₄, and the generated S₂ could sulfurize the...

For a very long period, tin was considered one of the most important metals for humans due to its easy access in nature and abundance of sources. In the past, tin was mainly used to make various utensils and weapons. Today, nanostructured tin and esp...

A new approach for the thermal reduction of tin dioxide (SnO₂) in the carbon/sodium sulfite (Na₂SO₃) system is demonstrated. The process of tin smelting was experimentally optimized by adjusting the smelting temperature and amounts of the chemical co...

Hydrogen interaction with ruthenium is of particular importance for the ruthenium-capped multilayer reflectors used in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Hydrogen causes blistering, which leads to a loss of reflectivity. This problem is aggravate...

Tin determination allows for the monitoring of pollution and assessment of the impact of human activities on the environment. The determination of tin in the environment is crucial for the protection of human health and ecosystems, and for maintainin...

The electrolytic refining of crude tin is generally carried out in the fluorosilicic acid (H₂SiF₆) system with the assistance of bone glue and β-naphthol. However, the high saturated vapor pressure and low stability of H₂SiF₆ present environment...

In this study, determination of the inorganic and organic forms of tin in waters of different salinities is considered. The possibility of the separation of speciations of tin using liquid–liquid extraction (LLE); precipitation with fluorides,...

In the 19th century, the weighting of silk with metal salts, such as tin, was a common practice to enhance certain properties of silk fabrics and compensate for the weight loss incurred during the degumming process. This technique induces both physic...

The traditional alkaline process used to prepare sodium stannate faces the challenges of high temperature, low utilization rate, and large hydrogen peroxide consumption, which is mainly due to the low oxidation dissolution efficiency of tin. Here, a...

Tin mining has played a central role in Indonesia’s economy, particularly in the Bangka Belitung Islands, but it has also caused severe environmental and socio-economic impacts. This study aims to critically review the consequences of tin minin...

Chalcogenide, tin selenide-based thermoelectric (TE) materials are Earth-abundant, non-toxic, and are proven to be highly stable intrinsically with ultralow thermal conductivity. This work presented an updated review regarding the extraordinary perfo...

The structure of tin(II) is not well known in aqueous solution. The energies, structures, and vibrational frequencies of [Sn(H₂O)_n,]²⁺ n = 0–9, 18 have been calculated at the Hartree–Fock and second order Møller–Plesset...

With the continuous improvement of the quality of steel for social development, high-quality iron ore resources have been gradually depleted. Meanwhile, the scrap steel reserve and recycling volume are gradually increasing, which will result in the c...

This communication reports the intrinsic luminescence of tin chlorophosphate glasses. The glass maintains the low melting point characteristics of tin fluorophosphate glasses, and exhibits a red-shifted and broadened excitation wavelength peak. Tin c...

This study presents a hydrometallurgical process for the leaching and recovery of tin from waste-printed circuit boards (wPCBs). The process aims to separate and recover tin from filter dust produced during the crushing of wPCBs in a recycling facili...

The wide applicability of titanium (Ti) has prompted the analysis to improve its mechanical strength through the addition of different alloying elements. Among these, Ti materials with pre-mixed pure Ti and titanium nitride (TiN) powders as the start...

Tajikistan has abundant copper–tin resources. In this study, mineralogical analysis of copper–tin ores from the Mushiston deposit of Tajikistan indicates that tin mainly occurred in mushistonite, cassiterite, and stannite, while copper mainly occurre...

This paper considers the features of determining the total tin content in waters with different salinity. Direct ICP-spectrometric analysis of sea waters with a salinity of more than 6‰ significantly reduced the analytical signal of tin by 70%...

Tin oxide as a semiconductor metal oxide has revealed great potential in the field of gas sensing due to its porous structure and reduced size. Especially for tin oxide and its composites, inherent properties such as high surface areas and their uniq...

Platinum–tin-containing materials are the most popular catalysts for processes occurring in fuel cells with direct ethanol oxidation. Pulse electrolysis based on the electrochemical dispersion of platinum electrodes under the influence of alter...

In this paper, non-quenched and tempered steel was selected to observe sulfide inclusions in as-cast and forged steel with different Ti and N contents, and analyzed the influence of TiN on the precipitation, morphology, distribution and composition o...

The electrical and magnetotransport properties of nanocrystalline tin dioxide films were studied in the temperature range of 4–300 K and in magnetic fields up to 8 T. SnO_2−δ films were fabricated by reactive direct current (DC) magn...

This review details both the conventional and emerging methods of extracting tin from cassiterite. The emerging methods reviewed include sulphuric acid leaching of SnO, cooling crystallization of SnO, sulphide leaching, alkaline leaching, and dry chl...

A method for accurately determining the chemical composition of deposits at the bottom of pores during the electrocoloring (e-coloring) of aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) layers in tin-based solutions is developed. The aluminum samples were AC e-colored...

In this paper, the precipitation thermodynamics and growth kinetics of TiN inclusions in GCr15 bearing steel during solidification were calculated in more detail. A more reasonable formula for calculating the segregation of the solute elements was ad...

In this work, to investigate the physical vapor deposition (PVD)-deposited TiN coating on the TiN(001) substrate, the process was simulated using the molecular dynamics (MD) method with the 2NN-MEAM (nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method) po...

How to keep the fidelity of the digital elevation model (DEM) data is a crucial problem in the current watermarking research, as the watermarked DEM data need to preserve their accuracy. We proposed a zero watermarking method for the triangulated irr...

The improvement of the surface properties of ferrous metallic materials has become a crucial criterion for advanced engineering applications. The interfacial microstructure and corrosion behaviour of mild steel coated with alumina nanoparticles doped...

The plasma-activated reactive evaporation technique was used for the formation of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films. The ITO films were deposited on a heated (up to 350 °C) glass substrates using various mass ratios of indium and tin. The optical and...

Perovskite solar cells have become the current research focus because of their high conversion efficiency and other advantages; however, the toxicity of lead used in them has raised environmental concerns. Tin-based perovskite materials have become t...

Tin, although not considered a critical material in all world regions, is a key material for modern technologies. The projected scarcity of tin in the coming decades emphasizes the need for efficient recycling methods to maintain uninterrupted supply...

In this study, TiN films doped with different copper contents (TiCuN) were prepared by using direct current magnetron sputtering method. The effects of Cu doping on composition, structure, and mechanical properties of TiN films were studied by energy...

The lifetime of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) can be increased through the addition of additives to provide protection against irradiation. Therefore, several new tin complexes containing atenolol moieties were synthesized and their photostabilizing eff...

Tin bronze/steel bimetallic is a widely utilized industrial material in the field of sliding bearing applications. Arc cladding technology represents an emerging method for fabricating tin bronze/steel bimetallic materials; however, research on their...

The relativistic convergent close-coupling method is applied to calculate cross sections for electron scattering from atomic tin. We present integrated and momentum-transfer cross sections for elastic scattering from the ground and the first four exc...

Tin is an indispensable metal for contemporary society owing to its extensive application. China is a major tin manufacturer and consumer worldwide. Nonetheless, the crucial characteristics of its tin metabolism remain limited. Therefore, a dynamic m...

Findings of Iron Age metallurgical activities related to tin metal and mining are very rare. In the present work, we present a detailed study of the Outeiro de Baltar hillfort, dated to the Late Iron Age/Early Roman period, located in a place where 2...

In this paper, research on the effects of agitation rate for desilvering tin silver alloy residue by using pyrometallurgy was carried out. SnAg alloy residue with 92 wt.% tin and 3.56 wt.% silver was used in this study, and 99.999 wt.% zinc was added...

Tin-based perovskites are promising for realizing lead-free perovskite solar cells; however, there remains a significant challenge to achieving high-performance tin-based perovskite solar cells. In particular, the device fill factor was much lower th...

In this paper, the interfacial bonding properties between (110)_NiTi and (200)_TiN interfaces, as well as the adsorption capacity of Cl⁻ on the surfaces of (110)_NiTi and (200)_TiN, were investigated using the first-principles computational method...

The inhibition effect of Na₂HPO₄ on the electrochemical migration (ECM) of pure tin was investigated by means of water drop testing and surface characterizations. The effects of concentration of Na₂HPO₄ and applied direct current (DC) bias voltage on...

To protect natural resources and avoid environmental pollution, an effective method is proposed to recover tin (Sn) from waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). In order to realize the efficient recovery of Sn, it is necessary to study the effects of e...

TiN thin films are widely used as protective and decorative coatings for tools in industry. Previous studies have focused on the deposition of TiN coatings on substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering, whereas the use of TiN targets avoids problems...

The aqueous tin-mediated Barbier reaction affords good to excellent yields and moderate syn diastereoselectivity under basic and acidic conditions. The high yields and stereoselectivity observed in the case of o-substituted aldehydes suggest a cyclic...

Large TiN inclusions in nickel-based superalloys promote micropore formation, compromising the mechanical properties of the alloys. However, current research lacks a comprehensive coupled model that considers both solute element microsegregation and...

In this paper, the results from studies regarding near-eutectic Al-Si alloys with Sn as an alloying addition are presented. In most Al-Si alloys, tin is regarded as a contaminant; thus, its amount is limited to up to 0.3 wt.%. The few studies that ca...

One possibility to increase the interface strength of cold roll bonded materials is the application of a thin intermediate layer. In the present study, a tin coating was employed to strengthen the interface formed between cold roll bonded steel sheet...

The goal of this research was to obtain high-density single-walled carbon nanotube forests (SWNTs) on conductive substrates for different applications, including field emission. For this, dip-coating was chosen as the catalyst deposition method, to s...