Although the sizes of business firms have been a subject of intensive research, the definition of a “size” of a firm remains unclear. In this study, we empirically characterize in detail the scaling relations between size measures of business firms,...
Single-time and two-time correlators are computed exactly in the 1D Glauber-Ising model after a quench to zero temperature and on a periodic chain of finite length N, using a simple analytical continuation technique. Besides the general confirmation...
In finite-size scaling analyses of critical phenomena, proper consideration of correction terms, which can come from different sources, plays an important role. For the Fortuin–Kasteleyn representation of the Q-state Potts model in two dimensio...
We consider how finite-size scaling (FSS) is modified above the upper critical dimension, du=4, due to hyperscaling violations, which in turn arise from a dangerous irrelevant variable. In addition to the commonly studied case of periodic boundary co...
Fragmentation size distribution estimation is a critical process in mining operations that employ blasting. In this study, we aim to create a low-cost, efficient system for producing a scaled 3D model without the use of ground truth data, such as GCP...
The nucleation and growth of surface islands in the pre-coalescence stage has previously been studied by different methods, including the rate equation approach and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. However, full understanding of island growth kinetic...
Many out-of-equilibrium systems respond to external driving with nonlinear and self-similar dynamics. This near scale-invariant behavior of relaxation events has been modeled through sand pile cellular automata. However, a common feature of these mod...
In this study, we successfully captured and compared the gas−particle flow field in a real-sized industrial-scale micron air classifier and in a prototype. All simulation calculations were performed using high-performance computing (HPC) system...
The synthesis of Mobil Composition of Matter 41 (MCM-41) mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) of controlled sizes and porous structure has been performed at laboratory and pilot plant scales. Firstly, the effects of the main operating conditions (T...
In the field of surface defect detection, the scale difference of product surface defects is often huge. The existing defect detection methods based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are more inclined to express macro and abstract features, and...
The study investigates how the agricultural sector can respond to a growing non-food biomass demand. Taking Germany as an example, a stylized case of biomass production under conditions of technological advance and constantly growing demand is modell...
In small German farms, there is a technically usable potential of cattle manure and pig manure ranging from 153 to 187 million tons of fresh matter per year. Since 2021 and 2023, new incentives under the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) have been p...
The increase in the number of discarded tires every year is becoming a major issue all over the world. Tires stockpiles and landfills have become a critical issue as they are considered a fertile environment for the breeding of rats and insects, a re...
The acoustic product development process, crucial for effective noise control, emphasises efficient testing and validation of materials for sound absorption in the R&D phase. Balancing cost-effectiveness, speed, and sustainability, the focus is o...
The accurate characterization of soil structure is fundamental to groundwater science, environmental ecology, and Earth systems science. To address the challenge of quantifying the high spatial variability of large-scale soil structures, this study u...
Deterioration of social infrastructure equipment has become a major problem in countries around the world. In the present study, a novel vibration actuator system capable of movement on an iron structure having complicated surfaces, such as steps, is...
Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) are an effective way to improve the output stability for a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) power generation systems. This paper presents a sizing method for HESS-equipped large-scale centralized PV power stations. T...
In practical engineering, buildings are predominantly subjected to combined forces, and reinforced concrete (RC) beams serve as the primary load-bearing components of buildings. However, there is a paucity of research on the torsional effects of RC b...
In this paper, a novel variable step size (VSS) incremental conductance (INC) method with an adaptive scaling factor is proposed. The proposed technique utilizes the model-based state estimation method to calculate the irradiance level and then deter...
Nanodevices based on monolayer black phosphorus or phosphorene are promising for future electron devices in high density integrated circuits. We investigate bandstructure and size-scaling effects in the electronic and transport properties of phosphor...
To non-invasively monitor personal biological and environmental samples in Internet of Things (IoT)-based wearable microfluidic sensing applications, the particle size could be key to sensing, which emphasizes the need for particle size fractionation...
Over the years, several studies have been carried out to investigate how the statistics of annual discharge maxima vary with the size of basins, with diverse findings regarding the observed type of scaling (i.e., simple scaling vs. multiscaling), esp...
Human development has far-reaching impacts on the surface of the globe. The transformation of natural land cover occurs in different forms, and urban growth is one of the most eminent transformative processes. We analyze global land cover data and ex...
In conventional adaptive variable step size (VSS) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, a scaling factor is utilized to determine the required perturbation step. However, the performance of the adaptive VSS MPPT algorithm is essentially dec...
In a recent experimental study of indentation creep, the strain rate sensitivity (SRS) and activation volume v* have been noticed to be dependent on the indentation depth or loading force for face-centered cubic materials. Although several possible i...
Metabolic rate and its covariation with body mass vary substantially within and among species in little understood ways. Here, I critically review explanations (and supporting data) concerning how cell size and number and their establishment by cell...
The Ostwald ripening process in 3D and 2D systems has been studied in great detail over decades. In the application to surface nanoislands and nanodroplets, it is usually assumed that the capture coefficients of adatoms by supercritical nanoparticles...
Organisms and their features represent a complex system of solutions that can efficiently inspire the development of original and cutting-edge design applications: the related discipline is known as biomimetics. From the smallest to the largest, ever...
Ball mills are widely used for size reduction in mineral processing, but effective scaling from laboratory to industrial scale remains challenging. This study introduces a novel scaling constant approach to replicate energy transfer to ore during mil...
Due to the indivisibility of agricultural machinery in production, limited farm sizes have reduced mechanization efficiency and increased the cost of grain production in China. As a result, the development of a moderate-scale farming system has been...
Various phenotypic traits relate to the size of a living system in regular but often disproportionate (allometric) ways. These “biological scaling” relationships have been studied by biologists for over a century, but their causes remain...
In mining operations that employ explosives and mineral processing, one of the important factors for efficient and low-cost operation is the fragmentation size distribution of rock after it has been blasted. Automatic scaling is a critical component...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the droplet size obtained with a three-channel spray nozzle typically used in fluid bed devices and to construct a semi-empirical model for prediction of droplet size. With the aid of a custom-made optical...
Recently, several studies have reported relationships between the abundance of organisms in an ecological community and their mean body size (called cross-community scaling relationships: CCSRs) that can be described by simple power functions. A prim...
In lieu of reliable scaling rules, hydraulic pump and motor manufacturers pay a high monetary and temporal price for attempting to expand their production lines by scaling their existing units to other sizes. The challenge is that the lubricating int...
Understanding the relationship between the size of mangrove structural features and the optimum image pixel size is essential to support effective mapping activities in mangrove environments. This study developed a method to estimate the optimum imag...
The hybrid method was adopted to model the original gradation of rockfill materials. According to the specification requirements, three simulated gradations of rockfill materials have been obtained. By the same token, the corresponding maximum partic...
Shear strength is an essential index for the evaluation of soil stability. Test results of the shear strength of scaled coarse-grained soil (CGS for short) are usually not able to accurately reflect the actual properties and behaviors of in situ CGS...
Deployment of renewable energy sources in Malta is limited by grid integration constraints. Photovoltaic (PV) systems pose a significant risk to grid stability due to their inherent intermittency and result in overvoltages at the medium-voltage and l...
Agrochemicals are overused in China. One strategy to reduce agrochemical use is to increase farm size because of the potential effect of economy of scale. Existing studies at a micro scale present mixed and often conflicting results on the relationsh...
A highly efficient photovoltaic (PV) system requires a maximum power point tracker to extract peak power from PV modules. The conventional variable step-size incremental conductance (INC) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique has two main dra...
Based on the principle of distributed layout, the community is chosen as the basic unit of the city, and an appropriate community scale is redefined based on the attributes and characteristics of green production. This article first summarizes the ex...
Metabolism is fundamental to many biological processes that govern the flow of energy and materials within organisms. Recently, several interspecific studies have suggested that ontogenetic phase shifts in the metabolism of teleost fish coincide with...
The facet-based two scale model (FTSM) is widely applied in SAR image simulations of the anisotropic ocean surface. However, this model is sensitive to the cutoff parameter and facet size, and the choice of these two parameters is arbitrary. We propo...
Urbanization drives the need for predictive and quantitative methods to understand city growth and adopt informed urban planning. Population increases trigger changes in city attributes that are explicable by scaling laws. These laws show superlinear...
Analytic and asymptotic properties of the generalized Student and generalized Lomax distributions are discussed, with the main focus on the representation of these distributions as scale mixtures of the laws that appear as limit distributions in clas...
Accurate determination of soil-water characteristic curve (SWCC) is of immense importance for understanding the mechanical behavior of unsaturated soils. Due to the difficulty and long duration of experimental procedures, it is of great significance...
This study aimed to develop a practical semi-mechanistic modeling framework to predict particle size evolution during wet bead milling of pharmaceutical nanosuspensions over a wide range of process conditions and milling scales. The model incorporate...
In this study, the gas−particle flow field in a real-size industrial-scale micron air classifier manufactured by Phenikaa Group using 3D transient simulations with the FWC-RSM–DPM (Four-Way Coupling-Reynold Stress Model-Discrete Phase Mod...
The determination of shear strength parameters for coarse granular materials such as rockfill and waste rocks is challenging due to their oversized particles and the minimum required ratio of 10 between the specimen width (W) and the maximum particle...
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