The Mars Sample Return campaign is an endeavor of unprecedented technological complexity and coordination that attempts to answer fundamental questions about the habitability of Mars by returning the first samples of Martian material to Earth for ana...
Planetary sample return missions can impose extreme mechanical forces on both spacecraft and the returned samples collected from a planetary surface that they contain. The chain of custody phases from entry/descent/landing to curation each present di...
Sample return missions are among the most difficult tasks for robotic spacecraft in exploring our solar system. However, the samples they return to Earth have significantly high value for the planetary science community. Thus far, we have only acquir...
The successful 2020 launch and 2021 landing of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Perseverance Mars rover initiated the first phase of the NASA and European Space Agency (ESA) Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign. The goal...
The mission objective of the Phobos Sample Return is to collect and return 100 g of Phobos’ surface material to Earth inside a tight enclosure composed of a Vault, a Sample Container and sealing elements. One important aspect of the project was the d...
In this paper, a pawl composite linkage transfer mechanism is designed for the automatic in-orbit sample transfer mission of Chang’E-5 lunar sample return mission, which can realize the sample container in-orbit transfer under various critical...
Advancements in space exploration and sample return technology present a unique opportunity to leverage sample return capsules (SRCs) towards studying atmospheric entry of meteoroids and asteroids. Specifically engineered for the secure transport of...
Accurately predicting asset returns remains a central challenge in finance, with significant implications for portfolio optimization and risk management. In response to the challenge, this study evaluates the predictive performance of machine learnin...
The docking mechanism is the key system for realizing the lunar-orbit docking mission of two spacecraft, which needs to have both capture correction and connection hold functions. The different stiffness requirements between the capture correction pr...
Trap–neuter–return (TNR) programs are the leading non-lethal approach to managing free-roaming cat populations. When cats are anesthetized for surgical sterilization, veterinarians have a brief opportunity to obtain blood samples for pre-...
We explore the role of carbon convenience yields in forecasting the probability density of carbon returns. While theory suggests that convenience yields contain forward-looking information, their predictive content for carbon returns—especially...
The Hayabusa2 mission was tasked with returning samples from the C-complex asteroid Ryugu (1999 JU3), in order to shed light on the formation, evolution and composition of such asteroids. One of the main science objectives was to understand whether s...
This paper reviews the phosphate phases in meteorites and those measured by landed spacecraft, what they reveal about past igneous and aqueous conditions on Mars, and important implications for potential prebiotic chemistry, past habitability, and po...
Geopolitical uncertainty may affect financial markets, but its incremental value for forecasting emerging-market stock returns remains unclear. Using monthly data from January 1990 to July 2026, this study compares ARIMA-GARCH and ARIMAX-GARCH benchm...
Fractional differencing offers a persistence-oriented representation of financial time series, while fractional volatility models provide information on persistent conditional variance. This study evaluates whether such fractional-econometric informa...
The search for life beyond Earth currently hinges on the detection of biosignatures that are indicative of current or past life, with terrestrial life being the sole known example. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which acts as the long-term storage of g...
Chang’E-5 (CE-5) is China’s first lunar sample return mission. This paper focuses on the trajectory determination of the CE-5 lander and ascender during the landing and ascending phases, and the positioning of the CE-5 lander on the Moon....
Mars Sample Return Program planning includes a series of spacecraft staged both on the Martian surface and in low-Mars-orbit (LMO). During the transfer of samples into orbit, external spacecraft surfaces might be exposed to Mars dust carried on the s...
Although the habitability of early Mars is now well established, its suitability for conditions favorable to an independent origin of life (OoL) has been less certain. With continued exploration, evidence has mounted for a widespread diversity of phy...
This study examines how stock markets dynamically adjust to armed-conflict announcements, moving beyond the conventional event-study focus on terminal cumulative abnormal returns. Using a nine-event archive covering conflict-related announcements bet...
The recent growth in maturity of paraffin-based hybrid propulsion systems reassesses the possibility to design an alternative Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) propelled by a European hybrid motor. As part of the Mars Sample Return (MSR) campaign, a Hybrid M...
The aim of this work was to test how returns are distributed across multiple asset classes, markets and sampling frequency. We examine returns of swaps, equity and bond indices as well as the rescaling by their volatilities over different horizons (s...
Chang’e-5 (CE-5), China’s first sample-return mission, has successfully landed in Oceanus Procellarum near Mons Rümker. It is important to have a detailed study of the geological evolution of the CE-5 sample return region. This work...
Within the perspective of the current and future space missions, the detection and separation of building blocks such as amino acids are important subjects which are becoming fundamental in the search for the origin of life and traces of life in the...
Dust storms play a crucial role in the climate system and the space environment of Mars, significantly impacting human exploration activities on the planet. The Martian dust storms exhibit significant regional, seasonal and interannual variations due...
Ferrous saponite is a secondary mineral that can be used to reveal the redox state of past aqueous environments on Mars. In mineralogical analyses for ferrous saponite formed in laboratory simulations or contained in future returned samples from Mars...
We investigate the profitability of systematic sector rotation strategies in the Canadian equity market using TSX 60 constituents (2000–2025). Testing 72 distinct strategies across three theoretical frameworks—momentum, mean-reversion, an...
Forecasting stock market returns has great significance to asset allocation, risk management, and asset pricing, but stock return prediction is notoriously difficult. In this paper, we combine the sum-of-the-parts (SOP) method and three kinds of econ...
Reliable autonomous navigation for Tianwen-3-class Mars rotorcraft must satisfy both sampling-level accuracy and hard real-time execution under severe onboard computational constraints. To address this challenge, we develop MarsBird-VII, a mission-co...
A Planetary Atmospheric Chamber (PAC) was used to create simulations of interplanetary conditions to test the spore survival of three Bacillus spp. exposed to interacting conditions of vacuum (VAC), simulated solar heating (HEAT), and simulated solar...
Whether machine-learning models extract predictive signal from ETF returns across markets at different efficiency levels and whether statistical accuracy translates into trading value, remain contested. We examine this for iShares MSCI Brazil (EWZ) a...
16 April 2018
Background: Although higher socioeconomic status (SES) indicators such as educational attainment are linked with health behaviors, the Blacks’ Diminished Return theory posits that the protective effects of SES are systemically smaller for Black...
Controlled spacecraft reentries from interplanetary trajectories provide rare, well-characterized hypersonic sources for advancing seismoacoustic observation techniques. Here we present seismic observations of the OSIRIS-REx sample return capsule (SR...
Molecular diagnostics has drastically improved the survival rate of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) over the last 10 years. Despite advancements in molecular testing, targeted therapies, and national guideline recommendatio...
As stock market indexes are not tradeable, the importance and trading volume of Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) cannot be understated. ETFs track and attempt to replicate the performance of a specific index. Numerous studies have demonstrated a strong r...
Popular methods to value Bitcoin include the stock-to-flow model, Metcalfe’s Law, technical analysis, and sentiment-related measures. Within this paper, I test whether such models and variables are predictive of Bitcoin’s returns. I find...
This paper presents a number of lessons learned while designing a proposed sterilization system for Mars Sample Return. This sterilization system is needed to inactivate any potentially hazardous Mars material on the exterior surface of the vessel co...
To predict and explore the return period wind speed distribution in Beijing urban area, based on the short-term measured wind speed record, the measured independent storm peak samples are extracted and the Monte–Carlo numerical simulation metho...
We analyze return predictability for U.S. sectors based on fundamental, macroeconomic, and technical indicators and analyze whether return predictions improve tactical asset allocation decisions. We study the out-of-sample predictive power of individ...
Plain or crude Monte Carlo simulation (CMC) is commonly applied for estimating multi-period tail risk measures such as value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). After fitting a volatility model to the past history of returns and estimating the...
This study examines the out-of-sample predictability of expected skewness of oil price returns, which serves as a metric for global future risks, as we show statistically through the association with crises of different nature, for stock returns of 1...
In this study, we contribute to the rapidly growing climate-finance literature by shedding light on the question of whether climate risks have predictive value for stock market returns. We measure climate risks in terms of both the change in the nort...
In this study, I apply a quantile regression model to investigate how gold returns respond to changes in various financial indicators. The model quantifies the asymmetric response of gold return in the tails of the distribution based on weekly data o...
If intraday price data are unavailable, then using daily returns to construct realized measures of the variances of lower-frequency returns is a natural substitute for using high-frequency returns in this context. Notably, a suitable application of t...
This paper explores the sensitivity of Romanian collective investment undertakings’ returns to changes in equity, fixed income and foreign exchange market returns. We use a sample of 80 open-end investment funds and pension funds with daily ret...
Return migration is an important form of rural labor mobility in China, and it has been given growing concern recently by governments in the background of rural revitalization. However, research covering the duration of stay in migrants’ home c...
Background: The increasing trend of cervical cancer in women in their 20s in Japan is largely attributable to the low rate of cervical cancer screening. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of human papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling among 24-ye...
This paper extends the conditional autoregressive range (CARR) model to the multivariate CARR (MCARR) model and further to the two-stage MCARR-return model to model and forecast volatilities, correlations and returns of multiple financial assets. The...
Risk taking is an inherent element of the banking business. Banks make conscious decisions regarding risk taking as they expect to make more return if they take more risk. The primary objective of this study is to empirically investigate the efficien...
This paper examines the relationship between commodity index returns and the Office of Financial Research Financial Stress Index (OFR FSI). Utilizing the S&P GSCI and its five sub-indices (agriculture, livestock, energy, industrial metals, and pr...
of 50