Thorpe analysis is a commonly used method to study turbulence, an important research object in the field of atmospheric science. However, using Thorpe analysis to retrieve turbulence parameters from radiosonde data can reduce inversion accuracy due t...
This paper describes the design and implementation of a radiosonde which can measure the meteorological temperature, humidity, pressure, and other atmospheric data. The system is composed of a CPU, microwave module, temperature sensor, pressure senso...
The tropical region is a key area for the interaction between the stratosphere and troposphere. The strong convective activity in the troposphere produces a series of gravity wave activities, which result in strong and widespread turbulence over the...
In this work, we compare the values of 15 convective indices obtained from radiosonde and microwave temperature and water vapor profiles simultaneously measured over Nizhny Novgorod (56.2°N, 44°E) during 5 convective seasons of 2014–201...
A processing methodology with GNSS observations to obtain Zenith Tropospheric Delay using Bernese GNSS Software version 5.2 is revised in order to obtain Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV). The most traditional PWV observation method is the radiosonde an...
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Radio Occultation (RO) retrieved temperature and specific humidity profiles can be widely used for weather and climate studies in troposphere. However, some aspects, such as the influences of background d...
Although the atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) is a highly relevant parameter for various meteorological studies, the analysis of its behavior remains undersampled in South America, especially in Brazil. In this context, this work presents a m...
Weighted mean temperature (Tm) is an important parameter in the water vapor inversion of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS). High-precision Tm values can effectively improve the accuracy of GNSS precipitable water vapor. In this study, a new...
In this study, horizontal wind (U and V), air temperature (T), and relative humidity (RH) modelled by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis Interim (ERA-Interim), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Mo...
Aircraft contrails exhibit optical properties similar to those of natural high-level clouds (HLCs) and also form persistent cirrus cloudiness. This paper outlines a methodology for detecting and identifying contrails based on the joint analysis of ai...
Tropospheric delay is one of the main errors affecting high-precision positioning and navigation and is a key parameter of water vapor detection in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). The second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Resear...
Tropospheric delay is a major error source in the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), and the weighted mean temperature (Tm) is a key parameter in precipitable water vapor (PWV) retrieval. Although reanalysis products like the National Centers...
Compared to the zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) obtained from the Saastamonien model based on in-situ measured meteorological (IMM) data and radiosonde-derived weighted mean temperature (
Ground-based microwave radiometers are increasingly used in operational meteorology and nowcasting. These instruments continuously measure the spectra of downwelling atmospheric radiation in the range 20–60 GHz used for the retrieval of tropospheric...
There is pressing demand for knowledge improvement of the integrated water vapor (IWV) distribution in regions affected by heat islands that are associated with extreme rainfall events such as in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro (MARJ). This w...
Interpreting the results of a high-level clouds (HLCs) lidar study requires a comparison with the vertical profiles of meteorological quantities. There are no regular radiosonde measurements of vertical profiles of meteorological quantities in Tomsk....
Precipitable water vapor (PWV) plays a vital role in climate research, especially for Antarctica in which meteorological observations are insufficient due to the adverse climate and topography therein. Reanalysis data sets provide a great opportunity...
The variations in the characteristics of the tropopause are sensitive indicators for the climate system and climate change. By using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) radiosonde data that were recorded at the extratropical Southern Great Plains...
The geostationary meteorological satellite Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) has rapidly advanced, generating abundant high spatiotemporal resolution atmospheric precipitable water vapor (PWV) products. However, remote sensing satellites are vulnerable to weather c...
The westerly phase of the stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO) was unprecedentedly interrupted by an easterly jet at around 22 km during boreal wintertime in 2015/2016 and 2019/2020. Many studies have investigated the role of planetary wave...
China is a country of vast territory with complicated geographical environment and climate conditions. With the rapid progress of the Chinese BeiDou satellite navigation system (BDS); more accurate tropospheric models must be applied to improve the a...
Temperature and water vapor profiles from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the United Kingdom Met Office (UKMO) Unified Model (UM) data assimilation systems and from reanalysis fields from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather...
Although the characteristics of the traveling 10-day waves (10DWs) above the middle stratosphere have been well explored, little research has been performed on the counterpart in the troposphere and lower stratosphere (TLS). In the present study, we...
The weighted mean temperature (
Weighted mean temperature of the atmosphere,
Radio occultation offers high vertical resolution, global coverage, and low sensitivity to clouds and precipitation, making it a useful complement to existing atmospheric sounding techniques. The YunYao constellation, the first commercial meteorologi...
An updated climatology for the occurrence of blockings in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) using daily reanalysis data from 1948–2021 is presented. Geopotential height
The intercomparison between different atmospheric monitoring systems is key for instrument calibration and validation. Common cases involve satellites, radiosonde and atmospheric model outputs. Since instruments and/or measures are not perfectly coll...
We investigated the accuracy of operational medium-range ensemble forecasts for 29 Atlantic hurricanes between 2007 and 2019. Upper-level troughs with strong wind promoted northward movement of hurricanes over the mid-latitudes. For hurricanes with u...
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals generate slant tropospheric delays when they pass through the atmosphere, which is recognized as the main source of error in many spatial geodetic applications. The zenith tropospheric delay (ZTD) der...
Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) products are important for weather prediction and climate monitoring in the lee of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), where the terrain is complex. However, the quality of the AIRS products in this region remains unclear du...
In this paper, we assess, in the framework of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) meteorology, the accuracy of GNSS propagation delays corresponding to the Saastamoinen zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) model and the Vienna Mapping function VMF1/V...
The Loess Plateau is one land-atmosphere coupling hotspot. Soil moisture has an influence on atmospheric boundary layer development under specific early-morning atmospheric thermodynamic structures. This paper investigates the sensitivity of atmosphe...
Atmospheric ducts play a critical role in the propagation of electromagnetic waves by minimizing signal loss and extending transmission distances, which is essential for radar, communication, and navigation systems. This study leverages meteorologica...
Accurate forecasting of near-surface PM2.5 concentrations remains challenging due to the complex coupling between atmospheric vertical structure, thermodynamic stability, and pollutant accumulation processes. Most existing surface-based statistical a...
Total precipitable water (TPW) of satellite-borne microwave radiometer retrievals is compared with the data that were collected from 49 island radiosonde stations for the period 2007–2015. Great consistency was found between TPW measurements ma...
A new concept is proposed for estimating the zenith wet delay (ZWD) and atmospheric weighted average temperature by inputting the temperature, total pressure, and specific humidity from surface weather data. In addition, a new ZWD integral method is...
Radiosonde is extensively used for understanding meteorological parameters in the vertical direction. Four typhoon events, including three landfalls (MERANTI, NEPARTAK, and MEGI) and one non-landfall (MALAKAS), were chosen in analysing the precipitab...
A macro-vertical structure is closely related to weather evolution and the energy budget balance of the atmospheric system of the Earth. In this study, radiosonde data were used to identify a cloud vertical structure (CVS) using the adjusted relative...
To address the challenge of microwave radiometer modeling in regions lacking radiosonde data, this study proposes a neural network retrieval method based on high-resolution the Final Reanalysis (FNL) reanalysis data and validates its feasibility. A m...
Radio occultation (RO) is a technique used for measuring planetary atmosphere properties by orbiting satellites, like temperature, pressure, and water vapor. Typically using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals, this technique is often a...
Wintertime cold air pools (CAPs) are common across the Western United States and result in cold, dense air trapped in valley basins. The CAPs are characterized by a stable atmospheric boundary layer, leading to cold air and low wind speeds. While CAP...
Conventional radiosondes can be used to measure the relative humidity over liquid (RHL) by assuming a saturated vapor pressure over the liquid. However, this assumption results in significant errors with respect to measurements in the upper troposphe...
Temperature inversions prevent the mixing of air near the surface with the air higher in the atmosphere, contributing to high concentrations of air pollutants. Inversions can be identified by sampling temperature data at different heights, usually do...
For synoptic-scale motions the vertical velocity component is typically of the order of a few centimeters per second. In general, the vertical velocity is not measured directly but must be inferred from other meteorological fields that are measured d...
Ground-based microwave radiometer profilers (MWRPs) are widely used to provide high-temporal resolution atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. The quality of the observed brightness temperature (TB) from MWRPs is key for retrieving accurate a...
The accurate measurement of wind profiles in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is important not only for numerical weather prediction, but also for air quality modeling. Two wind retrieval methods using scanning Doppler light detection and ranging (...
Currently, the main in situ upper air database for numerical weather prediction relies on radiosonde and aircraft-based information. Typically, radiosondes are launched at specific sites daily, up to four times per day, and data are distributed world...
To assess the quality of the retrieved products from ground-based microwave radiometers, the “clear-sky” Level-2 data (LV2) products (profiles of atmospheric temperature and humidity) filtered through a radiometer in Beijing during the 24 months from...
In order to verify the accuracy of precipitable water vapor (PWV) in remote sensing and reanalysis datasets under different climatic conditions and ensure the reliability of analysis results, the performances of ERA-5 reanalysis PWV data and the Atmo...
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