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Remote Sensing
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BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation (Third Edition)
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BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation (Third Edition)

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 October 2025 | Viewed by 1235

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gino Dardanelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Università Degli Studi di Palermo, 90100 Palermo, Italy
Interests: Galileo; GLONASS; GPS; GNSS; CORS; remote sensing; geomatics; dam displacements
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chen Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geology and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi'an 710054, China
Interests: Beidou/GNSS; satellite orbit determination and satellite geodesy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Over the past 20 years, GNSS has become a leading technology in Earth observation with strong applications, not only in conventional positioning, navigation and timing techniques, but also in integrated remote sensing solutions, such as typhoon monitoring, river water level changes, geological hazard warnings, low-altitude UAV navigation, and so on, due to its high performance, low cost, and availability at all times and in all weather conditions. After the excellent results of the first edition of the Special Issue “BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation” (with 34 papers submitted, 17 of which were accepted and published, constituting a 50% acceptance rate), and of the second edition (with 28 papers submitted, 13 of which were accepted and published, constituting a 46% acceptance rate), a new edition is herein proposed.

In this Special Issue, recent progress in the application of multi-GNSS in Earth observation are welcome for presentation and review, including BDS/GNSS methods for Earth observation, GNSS ionospheric modelling and space weather monitoring, GNSS navigation and positioning performance (e.g., GNSS-PPP and GNSS-NRTK), GNSS reflectometry, and GNSS meteorology and its applications. The aim of this Special Issue is to present the latest state-of-the-art findings, including, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Theories and methods of multi-GNSS NRTK, PPP and PPP-RTK;
  • Analyzing errors, systematic effects and noise in GNSS solutions;
  • Troposphere and ionosphere observations, modeling, and assimilation from ground and space receivers;
  • GNSS-reflected signals and applications;
  • Geohazard observation and warning from GNSS;
  • Surface-loading GNSS observations relating to the atmosphere, hydrological issues and loading issues.

Prof. Dr. Gino Dardanelli
Dr. Chen Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • GNSS
  • NRTK
  • PPP
  • geodesy
  • geohazards
  • GNSS meteorology
  • GNSS ionosphere
  • GNSS reflectometry
  • GNSS small satellite
  • GNSS for autonomous space navigation
  • GNSS in precision farming (PF)
  • GNSS interference detection

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 13318 KB  
Article
Evaluation of Tropospheric Delays over China from the High-Resolution Pangu-Weather Model at Multiple Forecast Scales
by Shuangping Li, Bin Zhang, Haohang Bi, Liangke Huang, Bo Shi and Qingsong Ai
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(18), 3164; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17183164 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 306
Abstract
Tropospheric delay is recognized as one of the main error sources affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning accuracy. Previous studies have only employed artificial intelligence-based weather models with low temporal resolution for comprehensive assessments. Therefore, this study proposes an ensemble forecasting approach [...] Read more.
Tropospheric delay is recognized as one of the main error sources affecting Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) positioning accuracy. Previous studies have only employed artificial intelligence-based weather models with low temporal resolution for comprehensive assessments. Therefore, this study proposes an ensemble forecasting approach based on multiple initial conditions from the Pangu-Weather model to obtain hourly resolution tropospheric delays. The ZTD data from 250 Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) GNSS stations across China in 2020 are used to validate the accuracy of the Pangu-Weather model. The findings show that the Pangu-Weather model exhibits strong performance under both forecast lead times compared to the traditional Global Forecast System (GFS) product, particularly in southern China. However, the Pangu-Weather model provides slightly inferior forecast accuracy compared to the GFS product in dry, low-humidity regions at stations located between 2 and 4 km in altitude, and for forecast lead times of less than 9 h. Nevertheless, a lower error accumulation trend is exhibited by the Pangu-Weather model, as its RMSE is larger than that of the Global Pressure and Temperature 3 (GPT3) empirical model after 240 h (10 days), demonstrating more stable accuracy over longer forecast periods. In summary, the Pangu-Weather model shows significant advantages in Chinese regions with complex climates and terrains, and it is of great potential in GNSS real-time positioning and meteorological monitoring. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation (Third Edition))
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28 pages, 10283 KB  
Article
Multimodal Distribution of Positioning Errors in NRTK GNSS CORSs: A Case Study in Sicily (Italy)
by Antonino Maltese, Claudia Pipitone, Mario Mattia, Massimo Rossi, Valentina Bruno and Gino Dardanelli
Remote Sens. 2025, 17(14), 2452; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17142452 - 15 Jul 2025
Viewed by 604
Abstract
In the last 20 years, NRTK GNSS CORS networks have been designed, developed, and employed in Sicily (Italy) for research purposes. Following a comprehensive description of the CORS networks in this region, this study aims to compare results obtained from multiple reference points [...] Read more.
In the last 20 years, NRTK GNSS CORS networks have been designed, developed, and employed in Sicily (Italy) for research purposes. Following a comprehensive description of the CORS networks in this region, this study aims to compare results obtained from multiple reference points with known coordinates. The analysis will not only account for the various CORS networks to which these points belong but also examine the different correction streams applied in NRTK surveys. The assumption of a normal distribution, which is often assumed for the positioning errors, is generally confirmed by applying the areal stream corrections (FKP, MAX, iMAX), but still, a multimodal distribution is evident when punctual corrections (Nearest and VRS) are applied. The representation of the results in a GIS environment allows for showing the different patterns for some differential correction streams. A statistical approach allowed confirming the trends of the different distribution frequencies of the residuals of the coordinates and quantifying separately the correlation with parameters involved in the analysis. The correlation retrieved is predominantly weak and very weak for all CORS, except for one of those analyzed, for which the correlation is moderate. The correlation became strong for the same CORS, if all parameters are included, for both planimetric and plano-altimetric components (r = 0.6 and r = 0.7, respectively). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation (Third Edition))
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