Background: Proton radiotherapy produces superior dose distributions compared to photon radiotherapy, reducing side effects. Differences between the two modalities are not fully quantified in paediatric patients for various intracranial tumour sites...
Proton irradiations are highly sensitive to spatial variations, mainly due to their high linear energy transfer (LET) and densely ionizing nature. In realistic clinical applications, the targets of ionizing radiation are inhomogeneous in terms of geo...
The study of suitable materials to shield astronauts from Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) is a topic of fundamental importance. The choice of the material must take into account both the secondary radiation produced by the interaction between primary radi...
Because proton beam therapy (PBT) can lower the dose of radiation to the heart, lungs, and breast, it is an established radiation modality for patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Pencil beam scanning (PBS) PBT facilitates the treatment of more exten...
Target normal sheath field acceleration via laser interaction with structured solid targets has been widely studied for its potential use in a wide range of applications. Here, a novel nanowire target with a corrugated front surface is proposed to im...
Nuclear reactions between protons and boron-11 nuclei (p–B fusion) that were used to yield energetic α-particles were initiated in a plasma that was generated by the interaction between a PW-class laser operating at relativistic intensiti...
ATP12A encodes the catalytic subunit of the non-gastric proton pump, which is expressed in many epithelial tissues and mediates the secretion of protons in exchange for potassium ions. In the airways, ATP12A-dependent proton secretion contributes to...
The cross-sections of the 48Ti(p,x)47Sc, 46cSc, 44mSc, 44gSc, 43Sc, and 48V nuclear reactions were measured from 18 to 70 MeV, with particular attention to 47Sc production. Enriched 48Ti powder was deposited on an aluminum backing and the obtained ta...
In response to the worldwide shortage of 99mTc supply caused by the combined consequence from both decommissioning and maintenance of research reactors worldwide, the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Science and Lanzhou Uni...
Clinical routine in proton therapy currently neglects the radiobiological impact of nuclear target fragments generated by proton beams. This is partially due to the difficult characterization of the irradiation field. The detection of low energetic f...
With recent impressive clinical results of targeted alpha therapy using 225Ac, significant effort has been directed towards providing a reliable and sufficient supply of 225Ac to enable widespread using of 225Ac-radiopharmaceuticals. TRIUMF has begun...
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly therapy-resistant tumor entity of unmet needs. Over the last decades, radiotherapy has been considered as an additional treatment modality to surgery and chemotherapy. Owing to radiosensitive abdomi...
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound particles released from cells, and their cargo can alter the function of recipient cells. EVs from X-irradiated cells have been shown to play a likely role in non-targeted effects. However, EVs derived...
Enhancing treatment of locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) by using pencil beam scanning proton therapy (PBS-PT) is attractive, but little knowledge exists on the effects of uncertainties occurring between the planning (Plan) and t...
At the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), a pulsed spallation neutron source provides neutrons with high intensity and narrow pulse width pulse to promote researches on a variety of science in the Materials and Life Science Experimen...
The molecular revolution could lead drug discovery from chance observation to the rational design of new classes of drugs that could simultaneously be more effective and less toxic. Unfortunately, we are witnessing some failure in this sense, and the...
A vacuum-insulated tandem accelerator was used to observe in situ blistering during 2-MeV proton irradiation of metallic samples to a fluence of up to 6.7 × 1020 cm−2. Samples consisting of copper of different purity, tantalum and tantalum-copper com...
Gold nanoparticle (GNP) enhanced proton therapy is a promising treatment concept offering increased therapeutic effect. It has been demonstrated in experiments which provided indications that reactive species play a major role. Simulations of the rad...
Proton therapy (PT) is a treatment with high dose conformality that delivers a highly-focused radiation dose to solid tumors. Targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT), on the other hand, is a systemic radiation therapy, which makes use of intravenously-ap...
Glioblastoma multiforme remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant brain tumors that necessitate innovative therapeutic approaches. Nanomedicine has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance radiation therapy by improving drug delive...
A compact accelerator-based neutron source has been proposed and created at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics in Novosibirsk, Russia. An original design tandem accelerator is used to provide a proton beam. The neutron flux is generated as a res...
Enhanced proton acceleration to high energy by relatively modest ultrashort laser pulses and structured dynamic plasma snow targets was demonstrated experimentally. High proton yield emitted to narrow solid angle with energies of up 25 MeV were detec...
Epilepsy not-otherwise-specified (ENOS) is one of the most common causes of chronic disorders impacting human health, with complex multifactorial etiology and clinical presentation. Understanding the metabolic processes associated with the disorder m...
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, has a poor prognosis due to rapid recurrence and treatment resistance. This review examines the evolution of radiotherapy (RT) for GBM management, from whole-brain RT t...
Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2), well-known as a master antioxidative response regulator in mammalian cells, is considered as a potential target for radiation protection and cancer therapy sensitization. We examined the response of...
Fifty percent of all patients with cancer worldwide require radiotherapy. In the case of brain tumors, despite the improvement in the precision of radiation delivery with proton therapy, studies have shown structural and functional changes in the bra...
Proton therapy enables precise dose delivery to tumors while sparing healthy tissues, offering significant advantages over conventional radiotherapy. Accurate prediction of biological doses requires detailed knowledge of radiation interactions with b...
This work presents a simple method for determining the energy of the proton beam in biomedical cyclotrons, using no additional experimental set-up and only materials from radioisotope routine productions that are therefore available on-site. The deve...
The response of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) to radiotherapy depends on human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV) status, and where improved outcome and survival is observed in HPV-positive disease. However, strategies to further radiosensi...
Background/Objectives: Photon re-irradiation in previously treated head and neck cancer (HNC) is constrained by cumulative normal-tissue toxicity. Pencil-beam scanning intensity-modulated proton therapy (PBS-IMPT) allows for a sharper dose conformati...
In this study, we identified the proton-coupled folate transporter (PCFT) as a route for targeted delivery of drugs to some gliomas. Using the techniques of confocal imaging, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and...
Zirconium-89 (89Zr, t1/2 = 3.27 days) owns great potential in nuclear medicine, being extensively used in the labelling of antibodies and nanoparticules. 89Zr can be produced by cyclotron via an 89Y(p,n)89Zr reaction while using an 89Y-foil target. I...
We describe a methodology to manipulate Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and irradiate the stem progenitor gonad region using three MeV protons at a specific developmental stage (L1). The consequences of the targeted irradiation were first investi...
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of cancer cells known for their self-renewal capacity, tumorigenicity, and resistance to treatment. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays a complex role in cancer, exhibiting both pro-apoptotic and...
Pancreatic duct cells are equipped with acid/base transporters important for exocrine secretion. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells may utilize such transporters to acidify extracellular tumor microenvironment, creating a niche favoring ce...
The use of proton beam therapy (PBT), as a more precision-targeted radiotherapy technique, is increasing in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). PBT benefits from the precise delivery of the radiation dose to the tumour via...
Pancreatic cancer is a very aggressive cancer type associated with one of the poorest prognostics. Despite several clinical trials to combine different types of therapies, none of them resulted in significant improvements for patient survival. Pancre...
Approximately 20% patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) present with CNS spread at the time of diagnosis and 25–50% are found to have brain metastases (BMs) during the course of the disease. The improvement in the diagnostic tools and scre...
For better tumor control, high-precision proton beam radiation therapy is currently being intensively discussed relative to conventional photon therapy. Here, we assumed that radiation type-specific molecular response profiles in more physiological 3...
In addition to the physical advantages (Bragg peak), the use of charged particles in cancer therapy can be associated with distinct biological effects compared to X-rays. While heavy ions (densely ionizing radiation) are known to have an energy- an...
Integrating immunotherapy, proton therapy and biological dose escalation into the definitive chemoradiation of oropharyngeal cancer poses several challenges. Reliable and reproducible data must be obtained in a timely fashion. However, despite recent...
Highly reactive decomposition products of deuterated chloroform can deteriorate samples dissolved in this commonly used solvent for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Samples for metabolomics studies often contain a complex mixture of sen...
Here, we propose a novel approach to experimentally and theoretically study the properties of QCD matter under new extreme conditions, namely having an initial temperature over 300 MeV and baryonic charge density over three times the values of the no...
Although its incidence has increased over the last decades, conjunctival melanoma (CM) remains a rare but challenging periocular malignancy. While there is currently no recognized standard of care, “no-touch” surgical excision followed by adjuvant tr...
The interplay effect is a challenge when using proton scanning beams for the treatment of thoracic and abdominal cancers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the facility-specific interplay effect in terms of dose distortion and irradiation time fo...
Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (Xcc) is a significant phytopathogen causing black rot disease in crucifers. Xcc injects a variety of type III effectors (T3Es) into the host cell to assist infection or propagation. A number of T3Es inhibit...
Cancer cells can adapt to their surrounding microenvironment by upregulating glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa (GRP78) and vacuolar-type ATPase (V-ATPase) proteins to increase their proliferation and resilience to anticancer therapy. Therefore, target...
Background/Objectives: Autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, and primary sclerosing cholangitis, may include treatment-resistant cases and therefore require new therapeutic strategies. This in...
The development of new methods increasing the biological effectiveness of proton therapy (PT) is of high interest in radiation oncology. The use of binary technologies, in which the damaging effect of proton radiation is further enhanced by the selec...
One of the urgent tasks of applied materials science is the creation of novel high-effective materials with target properties. In the area of energy systems, there is a problem in the conversion of chemical energy to electricity without mechanical wo...
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