17 July 2018
Waterborne disease outbreaks (WBDOs) remain a public health issue in developed countries, but to date the surveillance of WBDOs in France, mainly based on the voluntary reporting of clusters of acute gastrointestinal infections (AGIs) by general prac...
With limited computing resources and a lack of physical lines of defense, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become a focus of cyberattacks. In recent years, outbreak propagation attacks against the IoT have occurred frequently, and these attacks are o...
Detection of Shiga toxins (Stx) is important for accurate diagnosis of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection. In this study, we quantitatively analyzed Stx protein in nine patients’ stool during an outbreak that occurred in Japan. Highly sens...
Background: Measles and rubella remain major public health concerns in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), despite regional elimination goals. In 2023, the region experienced an increase in measles outbreaks. This study assessed outbreak detectio...
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus of One Health importance that caused two large outbreaks in Rwanda in 2018 and 2022. Information on vector species with a role in RVFV eco-epidemiology in Rwanda is scarce. Here w...
11 May 2018
Early detection of infectious disease outbreaks is one of the important and significant issues in syndromic surveillance systems. It helps to provide a rapid epidemiological response and reduce morbidity and mortality. In order to upgrade the current...
The current application of the production data exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) model can detect PRRSV outbreaks earlier than that of processing fluid (PF) testing; however, its advantages have not been fully reported. This study aimed to...
Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a major cause of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, the clinical significance of VRE colonization and the subsequent risk of VRE infection in hospitalized patients are not fully established. P...
Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a reportable viral disease which affects horses, cattle, and pigs in the Americas. Outbreaks of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype (VSV-NJ) in the United States typically occur on a 5–10-year cycle, usually af...
The emergence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A subtype H5N1 (HP H5N1-IAV), particularly clade H5N1 2.3.4.4b, pose a severe global health threat, affecting various species, including mammals. Historically, cattle have been consi...
Staphylococcus aureus is an important aetiological agent of food intoxications in the European Union as it can cause gastro-enteritis through the production of various staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods. Reported enterotoxin dose levels causi...
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was first reported in Brazil in 2014 and, after it spread countrywide, an outbreak of febrile illness with reports of arthralgia happened in the municipality of Xinguara, Pará, Brazil in 2017, indicating the virus&rsq...
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease and a chronic wasting illness. Accordingly, detecting and eradicating bTB remains a significant challenge in South Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified enzyme-linked immunos...
Salmonella spp. and Escherichiacoli (E. coli) are two of the deadliest foodborne pathogens in the US. Genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and stress response, enable these pathogens to increase their pathogenicity. This study aims...
Biosurveillance, focused on the early detection of disease outbreaks, relies on classical statistical control charts for detecting disease outbreaks. However, such methods are not always suitable in this context. Assumptions of normality, independenc...
Monitoring the development of infectious diseases is of great importance for the prevention of major outbreaks. Syndromic surveillance aims at developing algorithms which can detect outbreaks as early as possible by monitoring data sources which allo...
The consequences of foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in non-endemic countries are devastating. Early detection and confirmation of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) are critical for controlling outbreaks. Diagnostic sampling currently uses di...
Waterborne pathogens and related diseases are a major public health concern worldwide, not only by the morbidity and mortality that they cause, but by the high cost that represents their prevention and treatment. These diseases are directly related t...
Hidalgo County (HC), located along the Texas–Mexico border, was listed as a high-risk county for Zika virus (ZIKV) in 2017 by the Texas Department of State Health Services, based on its historical presence of Dengue. Due to its subtropical clim...
Invasive Phytophthora species are increasingly impacting UK landscapes. Most recently, cryptic outbreaks of P. pluvialis Reeser, Sutton & E. Hansen have occurred on western hemlock and Douglas fir at several forest sites across Britain. To better...
Early detection of infectious disease outbreaks is critical in densely populated, resource-limited settings. This study aimed to describe the community-based surveillance (CBS) system and its application of the Data–Information–Knowledge&...
6 February 2025
Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) predominantly affects children under the age of five and remains a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. HFMD outbreaks are closely linked to seasonal changes and meteorological factors, pa...
Yellow fever virus (YFV) is an endemic arbovirus in parts of Africa and the Americas. In Brazil, following the eradication of the urban transmission cycle, YFV is maintained in a sylvatic cycle involving several species of neotropical primates and mo...
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are the final stage of the anthropogenic water cycle where a wide range of chemical and biological markers of human activity can be found. In COVID-19 disease contexts, wastewater surveillance has been used to infe...
The majority of the widely used scan statistics are based on distributional assumptions. Contrary to the existing methods, with a new perspective in clustering, the Mann-Whitney Scan Statistic was introduced to detect clusters in continuous data inde...
Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Since first reported in 2009, C. auris has caused healthcare outbreaks around the world, often involving high mortality. Identification of C. auris has been a major challenge as many c...
Capturing the factors influencing yellow fever (YF) outbreaks is essential for effective public health interventions, especially in regions like Nigeria, where the disease poses significant health risks. This study explores the synergistic effects of...
Development and deployment of biosensors for the rapid detection of the 2019 novel severe acute respiratory syndrome—coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are of utmost importance and urgency during this recent outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19)...
Though frequently used in dendroclimatology, European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) is regularly defoliated by mass outbreaks of the larch budmoth (Zeiraphera griseana Hb., LBM). The near-cyclic growth depressions are unrelated to but possibly coincide...
Candida viswanathii has been sporadically reported in Asia and South America but not in Europe. This study reports the first European outbreak of C. viswanathii in a paediatric hospital, outlining diagnostic challenges and containment measures. Fifte...
27 October 2025
Background. West Nile Virus (WNV) represents a significant public health concern in Europe, with Italy—particularly its northern regions—experiencing recurrent outbreaks. Climate variables and vector dynamics are known to significantly in...
The continuous and extensive pinewood nematode disease has seriously threatened the sustainable development of forestry in China. At present, many studies have used high-resolution remote sensing images combined with a deep semantic segmentation algo...
Foodborne viruses are an important threat to food safety and public health. Globally, there are approximately 5 million cases of acute viral hepatitis due to hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) every year. HAV is responsible for numer...
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of foodborne intoxication globally, driven by its heat-stable enterotoxins (SEs), which pose significant public health risks. This review critically evaluates modern and traditional methodologies for detecting...
The deadly Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has become one of the most challenging pandemics in the last century. Clinical diagnosis reports a high infection rate within a large population and a rapid mutation rat...
This study aimed at proposing a predictive model for real-time monitoring of epidemic dynamics at the municipal scale in Lombardy region, in northern Italy, leveraging Emergency Medical Services (EMS) dispatch data and Geographic Information Systems...
Rapid, safe, and field-deployable molecular diagnostics are crucial for the effective management of infectious disease outbreaks, particularly those involving highly infectious pathogens, which can produce clinical symptoms similar to less infectious...
Background/Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driven by high-risk bacterial pathogens, is a major healthcare threat. This scoping review mapped artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) and computational approaches integrated with who...
Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) is a leading causing of bacterial foodborne and zoonotic illnesses in the USA. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is a powerful tool used in public health and microbiology for the detection, surveillance, and outbreak...
The widespread use of the oral poliovaccine from Sabin strains (tOPV) radically reduced poliomyelitis incidence worldwide. However, OPV became a source of neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Currently, circulating type 2 VDPVs (cVDPV2...
Timely and accurate detection and characterization of microbial threats is crucial for effective infection and outbreak management. Additionally, in food production, rapid microbe identification is indispensable for maintaining quality control and hy...
The severity of MeV infection has been greatly reduced by the development of a live attenuated vaccine, which has been incorporated into vaccination programs in many countries. However, poor access to health facilities, and above all, the increase in...
Nosocomial clusters of fungal infections, whilst uncommon, cannot be predicted and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we review reports of nosocomial outbreaks of invasive fungal disease to glean insight into their epidemi...
Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly central to modern virus detection, particularly as metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) expands diagnostic and surveillance capabilities beyond targeted assays. This paper reviews how AI supports...
Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly emerged as a transformative tool in virology, offering new opportunities for the detection, classification, and surveillance of viral pathogens. Recent advances in machine learning, deep neural networks, and m...
Predictive computing tools are increasingly being used and have demonstrated successfulness in providing insights that can lead to better health policy and management. However, as these technologies are still in their infancy stages, slow progress is...
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) surveillance for influenza A virus (IAV) in the United States is conducted using a National Animal Health Laboratory Network (NAHLN) real-time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). S...
A Rift Valley fever (RVF) outbreak occurred in at least five regions of Madagascar in 2021. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the richness, abundance, ecology, and trophic preferences of mosquitoes in the Mananjary district and to i...
This method comparison demonstrated equivalent analytical and diagnostic performance of IndiMix JOE with intype IC-RNA as an alternative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) chemistry compared to the National Animal Health Laboratory Network...
Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is an economically important disease of chickens, with a worldwide distribution, caused by Fowl Aviadenoviruses (FAdVs). Currently, the increased number of cases, the virulence of the isolate strains, as well as the lac...
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