Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis and Comparison of Genes Detected in the Outbreak and Non-Outbreak E. coli
2.2. Analysis and Comparison of Genes Detected in the Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Salmonella spp.
2.3. Comparison of Genes Detected in E. coli and Salmonella spp.
3. Discussion
3.1. Outlier Gene Difference between Outbreak and Non-Outbreak Pathogens
3.2. Outlier Gene Difference between Salmonella spp. and E. coli
3.3. Interaction between Antimicrobial Resistance Genes, Stress Response Genes, and Virulence Genes
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Gene Data of E. coli and Salmonella spp. from NPIB Database
4.2. Identification of Important Genes via PCA and Hierarchical Clustering
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Organism | Collection Year | Type | Outbreak | fosA7 | mdsA | mdsB | … | tet(A) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2019 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
1 | 2018 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
1 | 2016 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
1 | 2012 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
1 | 2014 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
1 | 2012 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 1 | … | 0 |
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Li, M.; Wang, K.; Tang, A.; Tang, A.; Chen, A.; Huang, Z. Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274
Li M, Wang K, Tang A, Tang A, Chen A, Huang Z. Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States. Antibiotics. 2021; 10(10):1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Michelle, Kyle Wang, Ashley Tang, Aaron Tang, Andrew Chen, and Zuyi Huang. 2021. "Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States" Antibiotics 10, no. 10: 1274. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274