Similar to other populations, care of neonates strongly relies on robust guidance on neonatal pharmacotherapy, covering an age-appropriate drug formulation, an individualized dose, and information on its efficacy and safety for a specific indication...
Furosemide is the diuretic most used in newborn infants. It blocks the Na+-K+-2Cl− symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle increasing urinary excretion of Na+ and Cl−. This article aimed to review the published data on the clinica...
Background: Endotracheal intubation is a painful and stressful procedure for neonates, and premedication is recommended for non-emergent settings. However, there is no consensus on the optimal pharmacological regimen. In recent years, several drugs h...
This was a single center, retrospective cohort study designed to evaluate the association between the administration of inotropes to hypotensive very low gestational age infants (VLGAI) and prenatal and neonatal risk factors. Inpatient medical record...
Drug dosing in neonates should be based on integrated knowledge concerning the disease to be treated, the physiological characteristics of the neonate, and the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of a given drug. It is critically importan...
Pain and stress are frequent and clinically relevant challenges in neonatal intensive care, particularly among preterm and critically ill newborns exposed to repeated invasive procedures, mechanical ventilation, surgery, and advanced life-support int...
Due to complex maturational and physiological changes that characterize neonates and affect their response to pharmacological treatments, neonatal pharmacology is different from children and adults and deserves particular attention. Although preterms...
Background: Perinatal hypoxia is a leading cause of early mortality in canine neonates and accounts for over 90% of early deaths in canine neonates. Respiratory depression may result from dystocia, prolonged labor, or anesthetic protocols used during...
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity and continues to represent a considerable threat due to its association with significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the advances in neonatal care, th...
The global incidence of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) has increased significantly in the last decade. Symptoms of NAS manifest from the central and autonomic nervous systems as well as the gastrointestinal system and vary in severity and duratio...
Neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) is a syndrome of clinical symptoms observed in neonates born to mothers with antibodies to soluble antigens of the cell nucleus. The main factors contributing to the pathogenesis of this disease are anti-Sjögren Syn...
23 September 2022
Background: Due to the progress in neonatology, in particular, in the past three decades, the mortality rate among patients of intensive care units has decreased. However, this is connected not only with newborns needing to stay longer in the unit, b...
Despite significant progress in preclinical research aimed at developing effective therapies for the acute and long-term consequences of perinatal asphyxia, there is still a lack of clinical protocols to regenerate the neonatal brain damaged by hypox...
Background/Objectives: Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most prevalent hepatobiliary disorder unique to gestation, characterized by maternal pruritus and elevated serum bile acids. While maternal prognosis is favorable, mounting evi...
Representing an important cause of long–term disability, term neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) urgently needs further research aimed at repurposing existing drug as well as developing new therapeutics. Since various experimental i...
Treatment-resistant peripartum depression (TRPD) is a significant public health concern due to the dual imperative of maternal symptom relief and fetal/neonatal safety with complex therapeutic challenges, particularly among expecting mothers worldwid...
Background: Unfractionated heparin (UFH) remains the standard anticoagulant for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), despite complications, such as heparin resistance, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, bleeding and variable pharmacokinetics. T...
Background and Objectives: To summarize current evidence regarding the pathophysiology, clinical management, and maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with pregnancy in women with myasthenia gravis (MG). Materials and Methods: This structured nar...
Background: Advances in neonatology and paediatric pharmacology have markedly improved neonatal survival, particularly among preterm and critically ill infants. At the same time, clinical research constitutes the cornerstone for generation of evidenc...
The explosion of knowledge concerning the interplay of genetic and environmental factors determining pathophysiology and guiding therapeutic choice has altered the landscape in pediatric clinical pharmacology and pharmacy. The need for innovative res...
The perception of pain is individual and differs between children and adults. The structures required to feel pain are developed at 24 weeks of gestation. However, pain assessment is complicated, especially in neonates, infants and preschool-age chil...
Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia (HI) compromises the proteasome in a clinically relevant neonatal piglet model. Protecting and activating proteasomes could be an adjunct therapy to hypothermia. We investigated whether chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity...
Palliative care in the delivery room is an interprofessional and interdisciplinary challenge addressing the dying newborn and parents as well as the caregivers. It differs in some significant aspects from palliative care in the neonatal intensive car...
Background: Despite substantial advances in neonatology, the management of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants continues to pose a major clinical challenge. The presence of PDA may exacerbate circulatory instability, contribute to tissu...
Background: Apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains one of the most common complications of preterm birth, and despite the established role of caffeine as first-line therapy, a proportion of extremely preterm infants continue to experience clinically sign...
Purpose: Depressive disorders are related to obstetrical and neonatal complications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of pregnancy in women suffering from depressive disorders, who are treated or not treated with pharmacotherapy...
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like ibuprofen or indomethacin are commonly prescribed drugs to induce pharmacologic closure of a patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates. Based on a recently published Cochrane meta-analysis, both drugs are...
Apnea of prematurity (AOP) remains a critical challenge in neonatal care, with caffeine citrate serving as the cornerstone of pharmacological intervention. However, the current standardized dosing schedule fails to account for significant inter-indiv...
Background: Preterm birth, affecting more than 13.4 million infants worldwide each year, remains one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Among its complications, respiratory distress syndrome and bronchopulmonary dysplasia are...
Neonatal hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide, with therapeutic hypothermia being the only clinically approved treatment. This study investigates the cortical expression patt...
Efgartigimod is a novel neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) antagonist that reduces pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies, offering a targeted therapeutic approach for generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) and other antibody-mediated autoimmune dise...
Background: The objective of this review is to demonstrate the efficacy of mifepristone as an inducing agent of labor by analyzing its impact on cervical maturation and maternal and neonatal outcomes. The research results showed that mifepristone fac...
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a frequent health problem associated with both short- and long-term adverse outcomes for mother and child. Standard management includes lifestyle interventions and, when necessary, pharmacologic therapy. However, the eff...
The management of enteral feeds in preterm infants with a hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (hs-PDA) is a major challenge for neonatologists due to the fear of gastrointestinal (GI) complications. This review aims to analyze the av...
Therapeutic antibodies have transformed the management of infectious diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer, yet most approved agents continue to rely on a limited range of IgG-based Fc scaffolds. Consequently, the broader therapeutic potential o...
Background: In pediatric health care, non-pharmacological interventions such as music therapy have promising potential to complement traditional medical treatment options in order to facilitate recovery and well-being. Music therapy and other music-b...
Pyridoxine-dependent epilepsy (PDE) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder due to a deficiency of α-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (mutation in ALDH7A1 gene), more commonly known as antiquitin (ATQ). ATQ is one of the enzymes...
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) presents with a varying severity of withdrawal signs and length of treatment (LOT). We examined the course and relevance of each of the NAS withdrawal signs during treatment in a sample of 182 infants with any prena...
Melatonin possesses potential efficacy in perinatal brain injuries, and has been proposed as adjunctive pharmacological therapy in combination with hypothermia in the clinical setting. However, the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in preterm and term ne...
Background/Objectives: Infants exposed to opioids in utero are at risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). We compared clinical, family-related, and classification-derived resource outcomes before and after implementation of Eat, Sleep, Co...
Over the years, the impact of music on the prenatal and neonatal stages of human life has gained significant scientific attention. This study provides a comprehensive bibliometric review of research investigating how music influences fetal and newbor...
As awareness increases about the side effects of opioids and risks of misuse, opioid use and appropriate weaning of opioid therapies have become topics of significant clinical relevance among pediatric populations. Critically ill hospitalized neonate...
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of non-progressive syndromes with lots of clinical variations due to the extent of brain damages and etiologies. CP is majorly defined by dystonia and spasticity. The treatment of acquired dystonia in CP i...
The use of volatile anesthetics, a group of general anesthetics, is an exceedingly common practice. These anesthetics may have neuroprotective effects. Over the last decade, anesthetic induced neurotoxicity in pediatric populations has gained a certa...
Biomarker discovery and implementation are at the forefront of the precision medicine movement. Modern advances in the field of metabolomics afford the opportunity to readily identify new metabolite biomarkers across a wide array of disciplines. Many...
Drug exposure during pregnancy and early life is typically considered a short-term clinical intervention rather than a determinant of long-term pharmacological outcomes. Consequently, the developmental context is largely absent from drug discovery an...
Dried blood spot (DBS) sampling has emerged as a promising microsampling technique in biomedical and clinical research, offering advantages such as reduced invasiveness, minimal blood volume requirements, and enhanced analyte stability. Although well...
Background/Objectives: Preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) are subjected to clinically essential painful procedures including peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement. Pharmacological interventions are inconsiste...
Chronic pulmonary hypertension (cPH) associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in extremely preterm infants. Despite improvements in neonatal care, the burden of BPD and its pulmonary vascular...
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) represents a significant public health concern due to its association with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as elevated long-term metabolic risks. Its prevalence varies substantially depending on the...
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