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Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care
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Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2026 | Viewed by 6977

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vasilios Giapros

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: neonatology; neonatal intensive care
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Baltogianni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: neonate; sepsis; early sepsis; late sepsis; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the advancements made in the field of neonatology have been tremendous. Minimally invasive and non-invasive ventilation, a better understanding of the importance of nutrition for growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes, detailed imaging facilities, strict infection policies, new medications approved for neonatal use, developmental follow-up and support, etc., have played crucial roles in the reformation of our practice. Of course, a wide field of research needs to be explored to help us to learn, better understand, and apply new evidence-based practices to premature and critically ill infants, aiming to achieve the best possible outcomes. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers focused on advances in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of vulnerable patients in neonatal intensive care units.

Prof. Vasilios Giapros
Guest Editors

Dr. Maria Baltogianni
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatology
  • neonatal intensive care
  • neonate
  • sepsis
  • nutrition
  • ventilation
  • hemodynamic
  • neurodevelopment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 378 KB  
Article
Key Predictors of Neonatal Respiratory Compromise in Placenta Accreta Spectrum: An 11-Year Retrospective Cohort Study
by Praew Chareesri, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Manapat Praditaukrit, Pattima Pakhathirathien, Savitree Pranpanus and Chanon Kongkamol
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(4), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15041542 - 15 Feb 2026
Viewed by 204
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity and may lead to respiratory distress in newborns. However, limited evidence exists regarding predictors of respiratory compromise (RC) in neonates born to pregnancies complicated by PAS. Methods: This retrospective [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is associated with substantial maternal and perinatal morbidity and may lead to respiratory distress in newborns. However, limited evidence exists regarding predictors of respiratory compromise (RC) in neonates born to pregnancies complicated by PAS. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included neonates born to pregnancies complicated by PAS between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2024. Independent predictors of RC were identified using logistic regression, and a weighted scoring model was developed. Model performance and internal validity were assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plots, and bootstrap re-sampling. Results: Among 237 neonates born to PAS-complicated pregnancies, 112 (47.3%) experienced RC. Six independent predictors were identified and assigned weighted points: maternal vaginal bleeding within 24 h before delivery (2 points); placenta type—accreta (reference), increta (1 point), and percreta (2 points); absence of antenatal corticosteroid use (1 point); gestational age—29–31 weeks (5 points) and 32–36 weeks (3 points); birth weight < 2500 g (2 points); and male sex (2 points). At a score threshold of 7, the model demonstrated good discrimination, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.75, sensitivity of 67.6%, and specificity of 72.9%. Conclusions: A predictive score > 7 provides fair discrimination for identifying RC in neonates born to pregnancies complicated by PAS and may assist clinicians in identifying high-risk infants who require closer monitoring and early respiratory support. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care)
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13 pages, 2875 KB  
Article
Use of Prophylactic Methylxanthines to Prevent Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates with a Birth Weight of 1250–2499 g: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by Pachima Suwankomonkul, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Pattima Pakhathirathien, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Chamaiporn Trangkhanon and Neeracha Phon-in
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3856; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113856 - 30 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1947
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Preterm neonates with a birth weight (BW) of 500–1250 g who receive prophylactic methylxanthine have a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental disability than their counterparts. In a meta-analysis of previous studies (published during 1985–1993, with no routine continuous positive airway [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Preterm neonates with a birth weight (BW) of 500–1250 g who receive prophylactic methylxanthine have a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental disability than their counterparts. In a meta-analysis of previous studies (published during 1985–1993, with no routine continuous positive airway pressure), extubation failure rates in preterm neonates with BW < 2500 g who received and did not receive methylxanthine were 25.0% and 50.6%, respectively (risk difference, −0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.39 to −0.15). However, no study to date has assessed the effects of prophylactic methylxanthine use on endotracheal extubation in infants weighing 1250–2499 g until now. Methods: First-time extubation was compared between 1:1 propensity score-matched methylxanthine and non-methylxanthine groups from a retrospective cohort of 541 neonates (born during 2014–2024). Results: The domains from the overall cohort and propensity-matched data included 541 and 192 neonates, respectively. In the propensity score-matched sample, the mean gestational age and BW were 30.9 ± 1.9 weeks and 1584 ± 273 g, respectively. The median 5-min Apgar score was 9 (range of 7–9). Extubation failure within 7 days occurred in 10 (10.4%) and 13 (13.5%) neonates in the methylxanthine (n = 96) and non-methylxanthine (n = 96) groups, respectively, with a risk difference (95% CI) of −0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06), p = 0.50, and hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.76 (0.33 to 1.72), p = 0.51. Conclusions: In the current era with new non-invasive ventilation approaches, extubation failure in preterm neonates with a BW of 1250–2499 g is not significantly affected by the use of methylxanthine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care)
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Review

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34 pages, 732 KB  
Review
Promising Preventive Strategies for Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Neonates: A Critical Review
by Niki Dermitzaki, Maria Baltogianni, Chrysanthi Maria Tsiogka, Aikaterini Nikolaou, Foteini Balomenou and Vasileios Giapros
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(19), 6763; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14196763 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 4223
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity and continues to represent a considerable threat due to its association with significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the advances in neonatal care, the prevalence of IVH, particularly in the extremely preterm [...] Read more.
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a common complication of prematurity and continues to represent a considerable threat due to its association with significant short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. Despite the advances in neonatal care, the prevalence of IVH, particularly in the extremely preterm neonates, remains high. Therefore, it is imperative to recognize and implement in clinical practice preventive strategies, non-pharmacological or pharmacological, to reduce IVH effectively. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview of novel and debatable preventive measures for IVH that are promising for clinical use and could potentially improve outcomes for very preterm neonates. IVH prevention bundles (IVHPBs) consist of strategies that aim to minimize hemodynamic and cerebral perfusion fluctuations, which are a crucial component of IVH pathogenesis. Early postnatal prophylactic indomethacin, erythropoietin, and insulin-growth factor-1 administration have shown encouraging results on IVH prevention; however, the literature is still inconclusive. Stem-cell-based interventions represent novel and promising techniques with the potential to contribute to the prevention of IVH. The prevention of IVH remains a field of investigation, and there is a requirement for conclusive evidence and recommendations. The necessity for further large-scale prospective studies is therefore evident. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care)
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