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JCM
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Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care
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Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Pediatrics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 757

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Vasilios Giapros

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Guest Editor
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: neonatology; neonatal intensive care; neonate
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maria Baltogianni

E-Mail
Guest Editor Assistant
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece
Interests: neonate; sepsis; early sepsis; late sepsis; nutrition
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the advancements made in the field of neonatology have been tremendous. Minimally invasive and non-invasive ventilation, a better understanding of the importance of nutrition for growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes, detailed imaging facilities, strict infection policies, new medications approved for neonatal use, developmental follow-up and support, etc., have played crucial roles in the reformation of our practice. Of course, a wide field of research needs to be explored to help us to learn, better understand, and apply new evidence-based practices to premature and critically ill infants, aiming to achieve the best possible outcomes. In this Special Issue, we welcome authors to submit papers focused on advances in disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of vulnerable patients in neonatal intensive care units.

Prof. Vasilios Giapros
Guest Editors

Dr. Maria Baltogianni
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neonatology
  • neonatal intensive care
  • neonate
  • sepsis
  • nutrition
  • ventilation
  • hemodynamic
  • neurodevelopment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 2875 KiB  
Article
Use of Prophylactic Methylxanthines to Prevent Extubation Failure in Preterm Neonates with a Birth Weight of 1250–2499 g: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
by Pachima Suwankomonkul, Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Pattima Pakhathirathien, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Chamaiporn Trangkhanon and Neeracha Phon-in
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(11), 3856; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14113856 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 528
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Preterm neonates with a birth weight (BW) of 500–1250 g who receive prophylactic methylxanthine have a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental disability than their counterparts. In a meta-analysis of previous studies (published during 1985–1993, with no routine continuous positive airway [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Preterm neonates with a birth weight (BW) of 500–1250 g who receive prophylactic methylxanthine have a lower rate of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental disability than their counterparts. In a meta-analysis of previous studies (published during 1985–1993, with no routine continuous positive airway pressure), extubation failure rates in preterm neonates with BW < 2500 g who received and did not receive methylxanthine were 25.0% and 50.6%, respectively (risk difference, −0.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.39 to −0.15). However, no study to date has assessed the effects of prophylactic methylxanthine use on endotracheal extubation in infants weighing 1250–2499 g until now. Methods: First-time extubation was compared between 1:1 propensity score-matched methylxanthine and non-methylxanthine groups from a retrospective cohort of 541 neonates (born during 2014–2024). Results: The domains from the overall cohort and propensity-matched data included 541 and 192 neonates, respectively. In the propensity score-matched sample, the mean gestational age and BW were 30.9 ± 1.9 weeks and 1584 ± 273 g, respectively. The median 5-min Apgar score was 9 (range of 7–9). Extubation failure within 7 days occurred in 10 (10.4%) and 13 (13.5%) neonates in the methylxanthine (n = 96) and non-methylxanthine (n = 96) groups, respectively, with a risk difference (95% CI) of −0.03 (−0.12 to 0.06), p = 0.50, and hazard ratio (95% CI) of 0.76 (0.33 to 1.72), p = 0.51. Conclusions: In the current era with new non-invasive ventilation approaches, extubation failure in preterm neonates with a BW of 1250–2499 g is not significantly affected by the use of methylxanthine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Insights into Neonatal Intensive Care)
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