Morphogens, which are non-classical transcription factors, according to several studies, display a crucial role in tissue patterning, organ architecture establishment, and human disease pathogenesis. Recent advances have expanded the morphogen partic...
The adult gastric mucosa is characterised by deep invaginations of the epithelium called glands. These tissue architectural elements are maintained with the contribution of morphogen signals. Morphogens are expressed in specific areas of the tissue,...
Efficient transformation of numerous important crops remains a challenge, due predominantly to our inability to stimulate growth of transgenic cells capable of producing plants. For years, this difficulty has been partially addressed by tissue cultur...
Recent advances in stem-cell technologies include the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organ-like structures (organoids). These organoids exhibit remarkable self-organization that resembles key aspects of in vivo organ devel...
Efficient in vitro regeneration remains a major constraint in the genetic transformation, genome editing, and molecular breeding of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), largely due to strong genotype-dependent recalcitrance and limited activation of develop...
Eragrostis curvula (weeping lovegrass) is a perennial C4 forage grass and a model for apomixis whose genetic transformation and genome editing remain constrained by the lack of efficient regeneration systems. Here we assessed the effect of culture me...
Background: Regeneration of fertile plants from tissue culture is a critical bottleneck in the application of new plant breeding technologies. Ectopic overexpression of morphogenic factors is a promising workaround for this hurdle. Methods: Condition...
Effective constrained multiobjective optimization requires a search process to coordinate feasibility attainment, objective-space progress, and population distribution under a limited evaluation budget. This coordination becomes more difficult in dua...
The neuromuscular junction has been extensively employed in order to identify crucial determinants of synaptogenesis. At the vertebrate neuromuscular synapse, extracellular matrix and signaling proteins play stimulatory and inhibitory roles on the as...
Butterfly wing color patterns are modified by various treatments, such as temperature shock, injection of chemical inducers, and covering materials on pupal wing tissue. Their mechanisms of action have been enigmatic. Here, we investigated the mechan...
In multiple tissues, the Hedgehog secreted morphogen activates in the receiving cells a pathway involved in cell fate, proliferation and differentiation in the receiving cells. This pathway is particularly important during embryogenesis. The protein...
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) protein is expressed in all virus-associated malignancies, where it performs an essential role in the maintenance, replication and transcription of the EBV genome. In recent years, it has...
The generation and organization of the invasion front shape of neoplasms is an intriguing problem. The intimate mechanism is not yet understood, but the prevailing theory is that it represents an example of morphogenesis. Morphogenesis requires the p...
Alginate-poloxamer (ALG-POL) copolymer with optimal POL content was synthesized, and it was combined with silk fibroin (SF) for building ALG-POL/SF dual network hydrogels. Hyaluronic acid(HA)/chitosan-poly(dioxanone)(CH-PDO) complex nanoparticles (NP...
Given the pivotal roles of morphogen pathways including Wnt, Notch, Hedgehog, and BMP pathways in the development of the neural crest lineage, it is not surprising that these signaling networks have also been implicated in the biology of malignant me...
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are a class of linear polysaccharides that are ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and on cell surfaces. Due to their key role in development, homeostasis, pathogenesis, and regeneration, GAGs are increasingly used...
A morphogen is a signaling molecule that induces specific cellular responses depending on its local concentration. The concept of morphogenic gradients has been a central paradigm of developmental biology for decades. Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is one of t...
Intracellular signaling pathways are essential to establish embryonic patterning, including embryonic axis formation. Ectodermal patterning is also governed by a series of morphogens. Four ectodermal regions are thought to be controlled by morphogen...
The formation of non-neurogenic placodes is critical prior to the development of several epithelial derivatives (e.g., feathers, teeth, etc.) and their development frequently involves morphogenetic proteins (or morphogens). Matrix metalloproteinases...
Temporal translational signalling cues modulate all forms of tissue morphogenesis. However, if the rules to obtain specific tissues rely upon specific ligands to be active or inactive, does this mean we can engineer any tissue from another? The prese...
Background/Objectives: Craniofacial malformations such as orofacial clefts affect ~1 in 700 births; 40–60% lack clear genetic etiology, and many exhibit asymmetry and variable expressivity unexplained by classical Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) morphogen...
Concentration gradients formed by the lipid-modified morphogens of the Wnt family are known for their pivotal roles during embryogenesis and adult tissue homeostasis. Wnt morphogens are also implicated in a variety of human diseases, especially cance...
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are probably the most important growth factors in bone formation and healing. However, the utilization of BMPs in clinical applications is mainly limited due to the protein poor solubility at physiological pH, rapid...
During embryonic development in vertebrates, morphogens play an important role in cell fate determination and morphogenesis. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family control the dorsal&...
This contribution considers proto-cell structures associated with asymmetries, mainly gravity, in the framework of reaction–diffusion. There are equivalent solutions for defined morphogen parameters in the equations that allow for defining prot...
(1) Background: Recently, Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (E. coli-derived rhBMP-2) has been increasingly applied to different types of spinal surgeries and reported to achieve successful fusion. This pilot stu...
(1) Background: A proposed approach to promote periodontal tissue regeneration in cases of peri-implantitis is the local administration of growth factors at the implant site. Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rh-BMP-2) can effectively p...
Sotatercept acts as a type IIA-Fc activin receptor, thereby scavenging free activin from its physiological membrane receptor. Through this type of action, sotaterpect leads to a rebalancing of the proliferation and antiproliferation pathways of pulmo...
Sotatercept selectively binds free activins and growth differentiation factors by reproducing the binding domain of the activin receptor type IIA (ACTRIIA). The sequester of activins blunts the downstream signaling pathway, resulting in the reactivat...
For a long time, Cannabis sativa has been used for therapeutic and industrial purposes. Due to its increasing demand in medicine, recreation, and industry, there is a dire need to apply new biotechnological tools to introduce new genotypes with desir...
Chloride intracellular channel 4 (CLIC4) is a recently discovered driver of fibroblast activation in Scleroderma (SSc) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). CLIC4 expression and activity are regulated by TGF-β signalling through the SMAD3 tra...
Bone metabolism consists of a balance between bone formation and bone resorption, which is mediated by osteoblast and osteoclast activity, respectively. In order to ensure bone plasticity, the bone remodeling process needs to function properly. Mesen...
Among molecules that bridge environment, cell metabolism, and cell signaling, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) recently appeared as an emerging but central player. Its level depends on cell metabolism and environment and was recently shown to play key roles...
Butterfly wing color patterns are determined in pupal wing tissues, in which the prospective eyespot focus functions as a developmental organizer. Here, we investigated the microscopic structures of pupal wing tissues containing an eyespot organizer...
Butterfly eyespot color patterns have been studied using several different approaches, including applications of physical damage to the forewing. Here, damage and distortion experiments were performed, focusing on the hindwing eyespots of the blue pa...
Across metazoans, animal body structures and tissues exist in robust patterns that arise seemingly out of stochasticity of a few early cells in the embryo. These patterns ensure proper tissue form and function during early embryogenesis, development,...
Transplantation of exogenous dopaminergic (DA) neurons is an alternative strategy to replenish DA neurons that have lost along the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). From the perspective of ethical acceptation, the source limitations, and the intrin...
Olive somatic embryos have been successfully cryopreserved using the droplet-vitrification method on aluminum foil strips. Although acceptable recovery rates have been obtained after rewarming, the influence of this cryopreservation protocol on the s...
In this study, a novel three-dimensional (3D) bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2)-delivering tannylated polycaprolactone (PCL) (BMP-2/tannic acid (TA)/PCL) scaffold with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and osteogenic activities was fabricated via sim...
The relatively few dopaminergic neurons in the mammalian brain are mostly located in the midbrain and regulate many important neural functions, including motor integration, cognition, emotive behaviors and reward. Therefore, alteration of their funct...
In recent years, plant genetic engineering has advanced agriculture in terms of crop improvement, stress and disease resistance, and pharmaceutical biosynthesis. Cells from land plants and algae contain three organelles that harbor DNA: the nucleus,...
This study aimed to test the effectiveness of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of the degrees of physiological stress and virulence in clinical swab samples collected from patients affected by oral candidiasis. Raman experiments were conduc...
Surgical methods for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement are limited by possible damage to the tooth root and patient discomfort. 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) has been shown to increase bone remodeling and may potentially facilitate tooth movement. Th...
New bone-forming substitute materials are highly useful in dental implantology. The purpose of this study was to prepare cross-linked hyaluronic acid (cHLA)/cross-linked alkaline gelatin (cAG)/nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAp)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP)...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD unclassified (IBD-U), is a complex intestinal disorder influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbial factors. Recent evidence highlights...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia to affect 1% of the global population and increases with age. Atrial fibrosis is a crucial substrate for promoting structural remodeling to cause atrial arrhythmogenesis. Bone morphogen...
Osteoporosis, a disease defined by the primary bone strength due to a low bone mineral density, is a bone disorder associated with increased mortality in the older adult population. Osteoporosis is mainly treated via hormone replacement therapy, bisp...
Extrinsic molecules such as morphogens can regulate timed mRNA translation events in developing neurons. In particular, Wingless-type MMTV integration site family, member 3 (Wnt3), was shown to regulate the translation of Foxp2 mRNA encoding a Forkhe...
The aim of the present study was to develop a collagen/heparin-based multilayer coating on titanium surfaces for retarded release of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein 2 (rhBMP2) to enhance the osteogenic activity of implant surfaces. Polyele...
Background: The use of bone morphogenic protein and mesenchymal stem cells has shown promise in promoting bone regeneration in calvarial defects. However, a systematic review of the available literature is needed to evaluate the efficacy of this appr...
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